scholarly journals Źródła i formy kontaktów z bliskimi mężczyzn odbywających karę pozbawienia wolności

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-216
Author(s):  
Aneta Jarzębińska ◽  
Rafał Iwański ◽  
Magdalena Leszko
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Prison Sentence ◽  
Phone Calls ◽  
Frequency Of Contact ◽  
Incarcerated Men ◽  
Right To Communicate ◽  
The Right ◽  
Mental And Physical Health

Social support is essential for mental and physical health and plays an important role in reducing the risk of returning to prison. The main sources of prisoners’ social support are relatives with whom they have the right to communicate using a variety of forms. The frequency of contact depends on the type of prison. However, little research examines prisoners’ communication with their relatives. The study was conducted on 478 men between the ages of 16 and 68 (M = 35,2; SD = 9,7), who were serving a prison sentence in one of five penitentiary facilities. The analysis revealed that the majority of incarcerated men had contact with their relatives, usually in a form of phone calls. The majority of them had contact with a mother. The study also demonstrated that the percentage of contacts with relatives decreased with age and time spent in prison.

Stress and Social Support in Mental and Physical Health of Chinese Students in Japan

1997 ◽  
Vol 81 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1303-1312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuh Huey Jou ◽  
Hiromi Fukada
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Chinese Students ◽  
Severe Depression ◽  
Somatic Complaints ◽  
Buffering Effect ◽  
Need For Support ◽  
Mental And Physical Health

This study examined the influence of stress and social support on mental and physical health and happiness of 175 Chinese students enrolled in 13 Japanese universities. Needed support accounted for only 10% of the variance in reported stress, indicating that the relation between the two variables was not strong and they were generally independent. With greater scores on stress or needed support and lower scores on perceived or received support, depression and somatic complaints become more severe. The higher the scores on perceived or received support, the higher the reported happiness Both perceived and received support showed a buffering effect on somatic complaints. Finally, stress and needed support had an interesting interaction, indicating that only among students reporting more stress did students who experienced greater need for support report more severe depression than those who experienced less need for support.

Women’s Romantic Relationships After Widowhood

2006 ◽  
Vol 27 (9) ◽  
pp. 1281-1304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara M. Moorman ◽  
Alan Booth ◽  
Karen L. Fingerman
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Romantic Relationships ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Random Sample ◽  
Trait Anxiety ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Logistic Regressions ◽  
Household Incomes ◽  
Mental And Physical Health

This study examines decisions women make about their romantic lives after widowhood. Participants were women from the Americans’ Changing Lives survey, a nationwide random sample of 3,617 Americans older than age 25 years who, in 1986, were widowed ( n = 259) or had been widowed and were remarried ( n = 49). Widowed participants provided information about their male companions and their interest in remarriage, as well as information about their social support, mental and physical health, age, and socioeconomic status. Logistic regressions revealed that younger age and greater unhappiness predicted interest in remarriage. Higher trait anxiety predicted having male companionship. Widows who had remarried had higher household incomes and worried less about finances than did widows who did not remarry. Widows appear to make choices about partners based on their individual needs and desires as well as the attributes and availability of partners.

scholarly journals What forms of social support predict self-rated health?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason Boehler
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Regression Tree ◽  
Classification And Regression Tree ◽  
Self Rated Health ◽  
Regression Tree Analysis ◽  
Lifestyle Questionnaire ◽  
Reported Health ◽  
Classification And Regression ◽  
Mental And Physical Health

Background: Social support has been empirically linked to mental and physical health in the veteran population. No known research has examined the sources of social support in relation to physical health in older veterans. The purpose of the current study was to determine which sources of social support are most predictive of self-reported health among older veterans. Methods: Data from the 2014 wave of the Health and Retirement Survey, Psychosocial and Lifestyle Questionnaire, Participant Leave Behind portion was used in a Classification and Regression Tree analysis (CART) of veterans included in the sample (n = 1056). Results: Of veterans who scored greater than or equal to 3.17 in terms of spouse or partner social support, 75% self-reported health as good to excellent. Veterans at the greatest risk of self-reporting fair to poor health scored spouse or partner social support at less than 3.17 and had an annual income of less than $12,680. Conclusion: Though several covariates were included in the analysis of sources of social support, the most salient was spouse or partner social support, income, and friend social support.

scholarly journals Ryzyko braku relacji zawodowych. Konstrukcja Skali Niepewności Zatrudnienia w Sytuacji Pandemii

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresa Chirkowska-Smolak ◽  
Mikołaj Czumak
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Social Isolation ◽  
Job Insecurity ◽  
Perceived Threat ◽  
Remote Work ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Future Of Work ◽  
Mental And Physical Health ◽  
Stress Buffer

In a pandemic situation, anxiety about work has added to anxiety about the perceived threat to health or life. Job insecurity is a stressor that causes deterioration of mental and physical health, but also leads to behaviors that have negative consequences for the organization. The anxiety related to fears about the future of work may be increased due to limited contacts with co-workers (remote work, forced downtime) and social isolation, while social support is one of the most important stress buffer factors. In this article, we present the results of research on the construction of a scale for measuring job uncertainty during the COVID-19 pandemic.

scholarly journals Social support, self-perceived health and mental status of general population of Republic of Srpska

2015 ◽  
Vol 143 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 180-185
Author(s):  
Jelena Niskanovic ◽  
Sladjana Siljak
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Mental Status ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Perceived Health ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
National Health Survey ◽  
Mental And Physical Health

Introduction. Social support is defined as perception of how other people take care of us, how they understand our needs and give us support. Social support has positive influence on health, adoption of healthy lifestyles and recovery from illness. Objective. The aim of this paper is to detect the level of social support across different socio-demographic groups and to analyze relationship between social support, self-perceived health and mental well-being. Methods. Data from the 2010 Household Survey (National Health Survey) for the Republic of Srpska were used. A specially designed questionnaire was used, developed on the basis of internationally recognized and accepted instruments. Representative sample of 4,178 persons aged 18 and older were interviewed. Results. The obtained results showed that the level of social support was the lowest among the oldest population, persons with the lowest level of education unemployed and unmarried. There was present relationship between social support, self-perceived health and mental health (distress/stress and vitality). It was detected that males mostly lived alone relying on help from neighbors, while females mostly lived with other household members and relied more on persons close to them. Conclusion. Social support appears to be related to mental status and self-perceived health. The results are intertwined with different age groups and they can provide baseline for further analysis of causal relationship between social support and mental and physical health among different age categories. Detecting a link among social support, mental and physical health could provide insight into the mechanisms of social support influencing health status and behaviour.

scholarly journals Vulnerability and Resilience Among Older Adults During the COVID Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 130-130
Author(s):  
Carolyn Aldwin
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Vietnam Veterans ◽  
Community Resources ◽  
Combat Experience ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Meaning In Work ◽  
Physical Health Problems ◽  
Mental And Physical Health

Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic is particularly challenging for many older adults. They are strongly encouraged to practice social distancing and sheltering in place to decrease morbidity and mortality risks. However, social isolation and loneliness increase the risk of mental and physical health problems. Nonetheless, there are indications that older adults may be more resilient than originally thought. Park et al. present longitudinal findings that younger adults fared worse than middle-aged or older ones, reporting greater distress and less social support, mindfulness, and emotion regulation skills. For older participants, acceptance of negative emotions and social support predicted lower distress. Choun et al. also present longitudinal data, showing that depressive symptoms decreased among older adults during the lockdown phase of the pandemic, but reflected changes in loneliness and physical health symptoms. Stellman et al. found that moderate levels of combat experience were helpful for some older Vietnam veterans coping with the pandemic, although a few found that it made coping more difficult. Turner et al. found that positive, non-familial intergenerational contacts were associated with a higher number of positive pandemic-related changes, such as finding new hobbies and meaning in work. Finally, Aldwin et al. present a social ecological approach to vulnerability and resilience. Using qualitative data, they found that stressors and resources were reported at personal, interpersonal and societal levels. Further, older adults both took comfort from and contributed to community resources during this pandemic. In summary, this symposium identified factors that contribute to older adults’ resilience during this pandemic.

How are Social Ties Protective?

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shelley E. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Social Ties ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Adverse Conditions ◽  
Family Social Support ◽  
The Family ◽  
Physiological Benefits ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Mental And Physical Health

Abstract Social ties are the most important resource human beings have. Although other people can be difficult and challenging, they can also provide protection, solace, and social support, among other benefits. However, some relationships can be toxic and because these adverse conditions can be physiologically taxing, they can negatively affect both mental and physical health. Changes such as these can operate in large part through alterations in the sympathetic nervous system, the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal system, and the immune system. Much of the benefit of social support is perceptual and stems from the comfort of believing that supportive others can or will be there when times are stressful. The abilities to gain and perceive social support begin early in life and are heavily influenced by the climate of the family. Social support depends, in part, on reciprocity, yet many challenges to receiving support exist. Giving support to others has its own psychological and physiological benefits, although at intense levels, such as demanding caregiving responsibilities, these benefits dwindle. Moreover, social support needs change over time with changing circumstances. Public policy efforts to help people build and capitalize on their potential support networks is essential to maximize the impact of social ties on mental and physical health.

Returning migrants

2021 ◽  
pp. 643-648
Author(s):  
Antonio Ventriglio ◽  
Matthew Kelly ◽  
Dinesh Bhugra
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Social Capital ◽  
Social Context ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Social Contacts ◽  
Health Services Need ◽  
Mental And Physical Health

Although it is often not known what proportion of migrants return to their countries of origin, it can be hypothesized that as their reasons for return vary, the stresses on return will also vary. In addition, it is possible that their social support and social capital will have changed in their absence, which may affect their social support and social capital. The research on return migration is somewhat limited, but some studies indicate that levels of stress in returning migrants are high and can lead to the development of psychiatric disorders. In order to function well, they will have to review and re-establish their social contacts, as well as their social context. The clinical care and health services need to be aware of the mental and physical health needs of such individuals and appropriate interventions need to be in place.

scholarly journals Are Avoidance Goals the Right Prescription For a Pandemic? A COVID-19 Case Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 355-359
Author(s):  
Geoffrey V. Henderson ◽  
Andrew J. Elliot
Keyword(s):  
Physical Health ◽  
Full Text ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Social Connection ◽  
Optimal Health ◽  
The Right ◽  
Avoidance Goals ◽  
Mental And Physical Health ◽  
Health And Well Being

Background: Motivation scientists study goals, self-regulatory tools that are used to help people approach or avoid objects of desire or disdain. Purpose: Using these tools, motivation science can offer insights to guide behaviour and help individuals maintain optimal health and well-being during pandemics, including COVID-19. Results: Avoidance goals help guide behaviour away from negative objects like COVID-19, and are necessary in situations where survival is at stake. Formulating the goal of avoiding COVID-19 is therefore recommended during the pandemic. However, avoidance goals have inherent limitations, in that they tax one’s energy and well-being. To minimize these costs, the pursuit of approach sub-goals may be recommended, such as increasing social connection online or exercising outdoors (particularly prior to widespread vaccination). Conclusion: Adhering to the goal of avoiding COVID-19 prevents infection and saves lives when safe and effective vaccines and treatments are lacking. But avoidance goals have known costs that must be acknowledged and addressed. One solution is to pair avoidance goals with approach sub-goals to bolster mental and physical health while adhering to the ultimate goal of avoiding COVID-19, viral variants, and future contagions. Doi: 10.28991/SciMedJ-2021-0304-7 Full Text: PDF

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