scholarly journals Rosyjskie jubileusze jako zjawiska retoryczno-ironiczne

2018 ◽  
pp. 125-134
Author(s):  
Bartosz Hordecki
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Historical Events ◽  
Critical Approaches ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
In The Beginning

The objective of the paper is to present Russian anniversaries that commemorate important historical events as phenomena with a dual, rhetorical and ironic character. Rhetoric and irony are used with reference to individuals as well as imagined communities, such as nations. The memory of some historical events, or the lack of such memory, as well as the manners of referring to these events or ignoring them, result in the transformation of what community members think about themselves and their entanglement in common existence and fate. Therefore, changes of remembrance and oblivion, recollection or forgetting can integrate or disintegrate, intensifying the pride or shame of one’s national identity, which eventually results in satisfaction or frustration, and sometimes in a sense of superiority or inferiority. Pride and satisfaction are produced by rhetoric, while shame and frustration – by irony. Sometimes rhetorical-ironic playing with the past assumes particular significance, becoming an exceptionally important factor in social and political life. This phenomenon strongly intensified in Russia in the beginning of the 20th century, becoming a veritable ‘anniver- sary-mania’, and in 2012, which President of the Russian Federation, Dmitry Medvedev, de- clared the Year of Russian History. The periods analyzed in the paper are around one hundred years apart. Russian society has totally changed over this period, mainly as a result of the revolution, two world wars and several decades of communist rule. In 1990, the Russian Federation was established, a state with an authoritarian-democratic hybrid of a political system. Despite these transformations, modern Russians repeat numerous set behavioral patterns from the beginning of the 20th century. These patterns are used by the advocates of affirmative as well as critical approaches to the history of Russia and the current social and political situation in the country.

scholarly journals RUSSIAN INVESTIGATION AS VIEWED BY A HISTORIAN

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 3-10
Author(s):  
Aleksandr V. Fedorov ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Russian Law ◽  
The Government ◽  
Low Efficiency

The article is dedicated to the famous Russian historian and legal expert Doctor of History Dmitriy O. Serov and a brief analysis of his studies concerning the establishment and development of the Russian law enforcement authorities in the first third of the 18th century: courts, prosecutor’s office, fiscal service, investigative authorities. Having started his scientific activities from studies of history of the spiritual life of the Russian society from the 17th to the 18th century, D.O. Serov then moved on to the legal aspects of history of the 18th to the 20th century, history of the personnel of the national government machine focusing on investigative authorities and was recognized in our country and abroad as one of the best experts of the Peter the Great’s epoch, specialist in history of the Russian law enforcement and judicial systems, leading scientist studying history of the Russian investigative authorities. D.O. Serov developed new areas of historical and legal research; identified, researched and introduced into scientific discourse many earlier unknown or briefly mentioned archive files including the Instruction to Major’s Investigative Chancelleries of December 9, 1717. The educational course History of the Russian Investigative Authorities was launched based on his research; a new professional holiday, the Day of an Investigation Officer of the Russian Federation, was introduced by Resolution of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 741 of August 27, 2013 (July 25, the day of establishment of the first M.I. Volkonskiy investigative chancellery); some memorable dates of history of the national pre-trial investigation were introduced (including December 9, the Day of Establishment of Major’s Investigative Chancelleries). D.O. Serov justified that the Russian investigative authorities originated in the form of investigative chancelleries. The basis for acknowledgment of such chancelleries as investigative authorities is their characteristics as an independent permanent government authority, designated to investigate criminal cases on the pre-trial stage, being the only function of this authority. D.O. Serov’s research showed that the reason for a short life of such authorities was not their low efficiency. Quite the opposite, major’s investigative chancelleries were in advance of their time and turned out to be misfitting even for the reformed state mechanism of Russia.

scholarly journals MODERNIZATION OF THE POLITICAL SYSTEM OF RUSSIA:

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana R. Fatykhova ◽  
Alexandr I. Ostroumov ◽  
Olga F. Ostroumova
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Political Institutions ◽  
Political System ◽  
Research Result ◽  
Political Life ◽  
The Political ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Modern Development ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Strategic Goal

The article examines the issue of modernization of the political system of Russia. Formation of a democratic political system is an integral part of Russia's modernization strategy. The relevance and objective need to develop an innovative strategy for the modernization of the political sphere of life in Russian society is determined by the inefficiency of existing political institutions, outdated principles, methods, technologies of organization and management, their inconsistency with modern realities, effective resolution of internal problems and global external challenges. The objective meaning of modernization is determined by modern Russian conditions, the nature of issues and contradictions that require their urgent solution.The study purpose is to develop a strategy for the innovative development of the political system of the Russian Federation. Achievement of this goal requires consideration of the basic conditions and contradictions of the modern development of the political system of the Russian Federation, the most important areas and priorities that contribute to its modernization.As a methodological base for the study, the work includes the following approaches and methods: systemic, structural-functional approaches, sociological, logical, historical and comparative methods, as well as analysis of conditions and contradictions that need to be resolved and contribute to the modernization of the political life of modern Russia.As a research result, we came to the following conclusions: 1. Modernization of the political system of the Russian Federation is an objectively necessary process. However, it is not the result of consensus, but a competition between innovators, conservatives and observers. 2. The strategic goal of modernizing the political system of Russian society is to make Russia one of the leading sovereign powers, with a republican democratic form of government, in which a person lives freely and comfortably. 3. Modernization of the political system shall cover the institutional (state, parties), communicative, regulatory and spiritual and ideological subsystems of Russia. 4. The result of democratic modernization of the political system shall be the formation of political institutions that really reflect and express the interests of social groups and strata and contribute to the formation of solidary community. 5. Creation of a system of ideas and values understandable to the majority of the population, and capable of uniting various layers and groups to carry out modernization. 6. As a result of modernization of the political system as a system of determining goals and priorities, the innovative mechanism becomes an inherent attribute of the development of Russian society. This is the strategic goal of modernization in Russia

scholarly journals Nicaragua: the secrets of the President’s political longevity

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-88
Author(s):  
E. S. Dabagyan
Keyword(s):  
Professional Development ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Political History ◽  
Political Life ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Events ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Russian Federation

This article is a political portrait of an extraordinary personality, the President of Nicaragua Daniel Ortega, who has travelled a long and very thorny path of transformation from a frantic fighter against a dictatorial regime to a man who actually became the country’s president for life. The author presents the methods by which Ortega achieved power and thereby ensured his political longevity. The author pays special attention to the role of Rosario Murillo, the politician’s wife, whose importance is growing in the internal political life of the state. The article provides an overview of the political history of the country in recent decades, the author also presents the peculiarities of Ortega’s biography and professional development. The author examines the stages of the party struggle in Nicaragua and the role of Ortega in this process. The author analyzes in detail the opinions of various experts regarding political events that took place in Nicaragua. The author traces and analyzes the main trends in economic development of Nicaragua, including cooperation with the Russian Federation. The author notes the role of Nicaragua in assisting the Russian Federation on the international arena. The author emphasizes the diversity of the spheres in which cooperation and interaction of the two countries is carried out.

scholarly journals Volunteering in Preservation of Material Patrimony in Soviet Russia: Pages of History: Materials from the State Archive of the Russian Federation

2021 ◽  
pp. 193-204
Author(s):  
Natalya I. Gorlova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
The State ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
State Archive ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Soviet Russia ◽  
First Time

The article draws on extensive sources discovered by the author in the State Archive of the Russian Federation (GARF) to reconstruct the history of volunteering in preservation of material patrimony of Russia in the 1960–1980s under the auspices of the All-Russian Society for the Protection of Monuments of History and Culture and to investigate forms and methods of public conservation activities. The relevance of the problem is connected to the development of national volunteer movement in preservation of historical and cultural monuments, which coincided with a rise in the scholars’ interest to volunteering in general. The author has identified archival documents, many of which are being introduced into scientific use for the first time. The article reviews the composition of archival documents in the GARF fond, substantiates the possibility of integrated approach to studying of documentary materials on the history of volunteering in conservation and restoration. Documents differ in their content and quite adequately cover the multifaceted activities, forms and methods of work of voluntary activists. The first group is associated with organizational and administrative documents. The second group includes sources of reporting documentation. Office correspondence is the third group of sources. The information potential of various types of documents has been investigated. The value of these materials for studying organization and substantive aspects of voluntary public participation in the conservation activities (restoration and conservation work, identifying, photographing, assessing the condition and usage of historical and architectural monuments, patronage work, inspection, etc.) differs greatly. The author has revealed the names of participants in restoration volunteer groups and associations. The article takes on a special meaning in the context of development and replication of public activities in the field of preservation of material patrimony, while taking into account the historical experience.

scholarly journals Evolution of the Seasonality of Shigelloses

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 48-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. V. Shkarin ◽  
O. A. Chubukova
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Bacillary Dysentery ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Statistical Features ◽  
Evolutionary Changes ◽  
Seasonality Index ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
Autumn And Winter

The seasonality of shigellosis (bacillary dysentery) from the 20th century till nowadays in the Niznhiy Novgorod Region was compared with the data on the Russian Federation. The year dynamics was characterized by the transformation of the peak month from July (in the beginning of the 20th century) to the autumn and winter period (in the end of the 20th and beginning of the 21st century). We demonstrated the different statistical features of the shigellosis seasonality and its variations during more than hundred years. The range of variations per month decreased almost 20 times, the seasonality index dropped 8.3 times, the seasonality coefficient decreased almost 4 times. Thus, the different parameters of the shigellosis epidemiology were exposed to the significant evolutionary shifts. We critically estimated the opinions of different scientists concerning the factors that can influence the year dynamics of the dysentery morbidity rates. We also showed the need of the profound and complex studies of the evolutionary changes of shigelloses by different professionals. 

scholarly journals History of the Second World War: Countering Attempts to Falsify and Distort to the Detriment of International Security

2015 ◽  
pp. 74-83
Author(s):  
V. G. Kiknadze
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Information Space ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
World War ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Second World

One of the negative phenomena of the modern world are attempts to falsify history and the results of the Second World War, 1939-1945., is an important component of the ideological confrontation in the information space of neoliberal forces of Russian society with patriotic and non-violent, is a tool for achieving geopolitical goals of a number of states. United States, European Union and Ukraine tend to distort the results of the Second World War to remove the history of the Great Patriotic War, the feat of the Soviet people, who saved the world from fascism, and the Soviet Union (Russian Federation), together with Nazi Germany put in the dock of history, accusing all the troubles of the XX century. At the same time attempts to rehabilitate fascism and substitution postwar realities lead to the destruction of the entire system of contemporary international relations and, as a consequence, to the intensification of the struggle for the redivision of the world, including military measures. China is actively implementing the historiography of the statement that World War II began June 7, 1937 and is linked to an open aggression of Japan against China. Given these circumstances, the Military Doctrine of the Russian Federation noted that the trend of displacement of military dangers and military threats in the information space and the inner sphere of the Russian Federation. The main internal risks attributable activity information impact on the population, especially young citizens of the country, which has the aim of undermining the historical, spiritual and patriotic traditions in the field of defense of the Fatherland.

scholarly journals Powstanie i działalność Rosyjsko-Litewskiej Komisji Historyków (2006−2018)

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-121
Author(s):  
Paweł Letlo
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Baltic States ◽  
Historical Events ◽  
Baltic Countries ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Common ◽  
Mutual Relations ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
State Relations

The issues of the assessment of the common past play an important role in the mutual relations of the Russian Federation and the Baltic States. In Russian opinion, the establishment of joint commissions of historians was to reduce tensions on this line and improve the image of Russia abroad. Lithuania was the first of the Baltic countries to express a desire to dialogue with Russia on the common past – in 2006, the Joint Russian-Lithuanian was established. According to the declaration, the main goal of both committees was to activate scientific research, the conclusions of which could also be used in inter-state relations. The work of both committees was focused on historical events of the 20th century, and the main problem was the dispute over the interpretation of the seizure of the Baltic states by the USSR. In 2014, in connection with the events in Ukraine, Lithuania suspended the activities of the commission.

Problems of establishment and development of the Institution of personal data protection in the Russian Federation: historical-legal aspect

2020 ◽  
pp. 28-35
Author(s):  
Yanis Arturovich Sekste ◽  
Anna Sergeevna Markevich
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Data Protection ◽  
Information Technologies ◽  
Legal Aspect ◽  
Personal Data ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Private Life ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Personal Data Protection ◽  
The Russian Federation

The subject of this research is the problems emerging in the process of establishment and development of the Institution of personal data protection in the Russian Federation. Special attention is turned to the comparison of Soviet and Western models of protection of private life and personal data. The authors used interdisciplinary approach, as comprehensive and coherent understanding of socio-legal institution of personal data protection in the Russian Federation is only possible in inseparable connection with examination of peculiarities of the key historical stages in legal regulation of private life of the citizen. After dissolution of the Soviet political and legal system, the primary task of Russian law consisted in development and legal formalization of the institution of protection of human and civil rights and freedoms, first and foremost by means of restricting invasion of privacy by the state and enjoyment of personal freedom. It is concluded that the peculiarities of development of the new Russian political and legal model significantly impacted the formation of the institution of personal data protection in the Russian Federation. The authors believe that the Russian legislator and competent government branches are not always capable to manage the entire information flow of personal data; therefore, one of the priority tasks in modern Russian society is the permanent analysis and constant monitoring of the development of information technologies.

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