Effect of bromocriptine on serum TSH in euthyroid patients with endocrine disorders.

Background: Helicobacter pylori infection is the most prevalence infectious disease as it affects more than half of the world population and causes chronic cellular inflammatory response in the gastric mucosa. Helicobacter pylori infection has been epidemiologically proven to be linked to extra-digestive conditions and disease. It has been speculated that H.pylori infection may be responsible for various endocrine disorders. The thyroid may be one of the targets of Helicobacter pylori chronic inflammation. Here we sought too investigate whether H.pylori infections were associated with decrease level of the thyroid hormonal.Methods: This study involved elderly aged 50-90 years who had visited a health promotion center for elderly. A total 101 euthyroid subjects were been enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Diagnosed of Helicobacter.pylori infections by ELISA of Ig G antibodies of Helicobacter pylori. We examine serum T3 level and serum TSH level by ELEXIS. For statistical method we use Pearson bivariat analysis to determine the association of two variable,and linier regression to determine which variable is more influented by Helicobacter pylori.Results: Fourty-two (41,6 %) subjects had been diagnosed with H.pylori infections. Pearson bivariat analysis showed that Helicobacter pylori infection was significantly associated with decreased serum T3 level ( correlations coefficient r = -0,66 ,p< 0,001 ). The prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection showed a increasing trend as serum TSH level decreased (correlations coefficient r = -0,53, p < 0,001). Linier regression analysis showed thatHelicobacter pylori infection was significantly associated with the risk of decreased thyroid hormonal fuction ( B = -0,272. R2 = 0,676. P < 0.001 ).Conclusion: Our results suggested that H.pylori infections were significantly associated with the decreased serum level of T3 and TSH serum level in the healthy elderly population, whose thyroid functions were in the reference range.Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.16(4) 2017 p.515-520

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Comparative study of feto-maternal outcome in clinical and subclinical hypothyroidism

International Journal of Reproduction Contraception Obstetrics and Gynecology ◽

10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20171947 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 6 (5) ◽

pp. 1909

Author(s):

Monika Gupta ◽

Poonam Pandotra ◽

Monika Jindal ◽

Gitanjali Jamwal ◽

SPS Goraya ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Subclinical Hypothyroidism ◽

Thyroid Dysfunction ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

Endocrine Disorders ◽

Clinical Group ◽

Thyroid Disorder ◽

Maternal Complications ◽

Group I ◽

Maternal Thyroid ◽

Serum Tsh

Background: Thyroid diseases are the one of commonest endocrine disorders affecting women of reproductive age group, and hence constitute the commonest endocrine disorder complicating pregnancy. Maternal thyroid function changes during pregnancy and inadequate adaptation to these changes results in thyroid dysfunction. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of clinical and subclinical hypothyroidism and to study the fetal and maternal complications associated with hypothyroidism.Methods: A prospective and observational study undertaken over a period of 2 years from 1st October 2009 onwards. Pregnant women were screened for thyroid dysfunction irrespective of gestational age. Patients were divided into two group; Group I (subclinical hypothyroidism)- all pregnant patients with serum TSH ≥ 3 mu/l up to 6 mu/l and normal free T4 levels. Group II (clinical hypothyroidism)- all pregnant patients with serum TSH level ≥ 6 mu/l OR on thyroxine pre-pregnancy.Results: In the present study, prevalence of thyroid disorder was 6.22%, subclinical hypothyroidism and clinical hypothyroidism being 3.77% and 2.45% respectively. In subclinical group and clinical group, we found, preeclampsia, preterm labour, first trimester abortions and oligohydramnios in 13.75% versus 19.23%, 13.75% versus 36.54%, 11.25% versus 11.53%, and 16.25% versus 23.02% respectively. Subclinical hypothyroidism was more prevalent and hidden leading to the poor obstetrical outcome and fetal complications like low birth weight, prematurity and intrauterine growth restriction. There was higher incidence of caesarean deliveries in both groups more in clinical hypothyroid cases.Conclusions: Due to the adverse effect of maternal thyroid disorder on maternal and fetal outcome, timely diagnosis and initiation of treatment of hypothyroid disorders is essential.

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Morphology Aspects of Hypothyroidism

10.5772/intechopen.101123 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Fernando Candanedo-Gonzalez ◽

Javier Rios-Valencia ◽

Dafne Noemi Pacheco-Garcilazo ◽

Wilfredo Valenzuela-Gonzalez ◽

Armando Gamboa-Dominguez

Keyword(s):

Autoimmune Disease ◽

General Population ◽

Morphological Features ◽

Endocrine Disorders ◽

Endocrine Disorder ◽

New Class ◽

Subclinical Disease ◽

Hormonal Imbalance ◽

Secondary Hypothyroidism ◽

Serum Tsh

Hypothyroidism is a common endocrine disorder resulting of low levels of thyroid circulating hormones. The prevalence in the general population varies between 0.3% and 3.7%. Presents as clinical or subclinical disease based on presence of symptoms and levels of serum TSH and free thyroxine and T4, respectively. Hypothyroidism has numerous etiologies, some of them are originated on the thyroid itself and some others are of extrathyroid origin, with variable manifestations. Classified as primary, secondary, tertiary and peripheral. Thyroid autoimmune disease is the principal cause. A new class of drugs against cancer, like the anti-CTLA-4 and anti-PD-L1/PD1 therapies have been associated with primary or secondary hypothyroidism. Endocrine disorders can be difficult to diagnose based only on morphological features because endocrine manifestations are caused primarily by a hormonal imbalance. Hypothyroidism may have a higher risk of morbidity and mortality. Finally, myxedematous coma is the main complication of terminal stages hypothyroidism.

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Thyroid function in type 2 diabetes mellitus

Journal of Bangladesh Society of Physiologist ◽

10.3329/jbsp.v12i2.35424 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 61-64

Author(s):

Sajeda Afrin ◽

Chandra Rani Sarkar ◽

ATM Zoadur Rahim Zahid ◽

Neaz Ahmed

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Thyroid Function ◽

Endocrine Disorders ◽

Thyroid Disorder ◽

Newly Diagnosed ◽

Control Serum ◽

Serum Tsh

Background: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) and thyroid disorder are common endocrine disorders that affect major population worldwide. Subclinical hypothyroidism is common among T2DM.Objectives: To observe thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), total thyroxine (TT4), free thyroxine (FT4), total triiodothyronine (TT3), free triiodothyronine (FT3) levels in newly diagnosed T2DM.Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted from July 2014 to June 2015. For this, 50 newly diagnosed T2DM patients aged 30 to 50 years of both sexes were enrolled from the Out Patient Department of Endocrinology, Rangpur Medical College and Diabetic Association, Rangpur. Fifty age matched non-diabetic healthy subjects of both sexes constituted control. Serum TSH, TT4 , FT4, TT3, FT3 levels were estimated to observe thyroid function. All these hormones were estimated by ELISA method. For statistical analysis independent sample “t” test was performed.Results: Serum TSH was significantly higher (p<0.001) and serum TT4, FT4, FT3 levels were significantly lower (p<0.001) in T2DM compared to control. Eight (16%) of T2DM were hypothyroid.Conclusion: From this study it can be concluded that altered thyroid status leading to hypothyroidism may be associated with T2DM.Bangladesh Soc Physiol. 2017, December; 12(2): 61-64

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The study of correlation between thyroid function and blood pressure in hypertensive patients attending out patient department in tertiary care centre

International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences ◽

10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20200575 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 868

Author(s):

Aparna Patange ◽

Harsh Shah ◽

Harshil Vora

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Thyroid Function ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Endocrine Disorders ◽

Tertiary Care Centre ◽

Mean Values ◽

Serum T3 ◽

Serum T4 ◽

The Mean ◽

Serum Tsh

Background: Hypertension may be the initial clinical presentation for at least 15 endocrine disorders, including overt and subclinical hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism. The correction of thyroid dysfunction may normalize Blood Pressure (BP) in most cases, therefore checking thyroid function is essential during the workup for hypertension. The present study was conducted to find out the association between hypertension and thyroid dysfunction.Methods: It was a retrospective, observational study conducted among patients having hypertension visiting the outpatient department of Medicine in KIMS Karad, during the period of 2 months.Results: The mean values of various thyroid function parameters among hypertensive cases was assessed in the current study, Authors found that the mean Serum T3 level was 93.5917±32.82, Mean Serum T4 level was 6.72±1.64 and the mean Serum TSH level was 2.52±2.71. Among all the cases about 52% cases had deranged thyroid function reports.Conclusions: The results of this study suggest an association between subclinical hypothyroidism and increased blood pressure levels.

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Graves'-Basedow disease in pregnancy

Nuklearmedizin ◽

10.1055/s-0037-1616612 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 54 (03) ◽

pp. 106-111 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

S. L. Andersen ◽

P. Laurberg

Keyword(s):

Side Effects ◽

Birth Defects ◽

Thyroid Dysfunction ◽

National Study ◽

Antithyroid Drugs ◽

Upper Limit ◽

Special Concern ◽

Maternal Thyroid ◽

Toxic Reactions ◽

Serum Tsh

SummaryThyroid hormones are essential development factors and maternal thyroid dysfunction may cause pregnancy complications and diseases in the fetus/child. In the present review we discuss new data on the incidence of Graves'-Basedow disease (GBD) in and around pregnancy, and how hyperthyroidism may affect the risk of spontaneous abortion and stillbirth.A special concern in pregnant women is the potential side effects from the use of antithyroid drugs (ATDs). One type of side effects is the allergic/toxic reactions to the drugs, which seem to be similar in and outside pregnancy, and another is that ATDs tend to over treat the fetus when the mother with GBD is made euthyroid. To avoid fetal hypothyroidism, the lowest possible ATD dose should be used to keep maternal thyroid function at the upper limit of normality with low serum TSH. Birth defects after the use of methimazole (MMI) (or its prodrug carbimazole) have been considered to be very rare, and no risk has previously been associated with the use of propylthiouracil (PTU). However, a recent Danish national study found that 1/30 of children exposed to MMI in early pregnancy had birth defects associated with this, and many defects were severe. PTU exposure was associated with defects in 1/40, and these defects were less severe. Proposals are given on how to reduce the risk of ATD associated birth defects.

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Assessment of endocrine disorders of the hypothalamicpituitary axis by nuclear medicine techniques

Nuklearmedizin ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1625645 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 41 (02) ◽

pp. 80-90 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

F. Jockenhövel ◽

P. Theissen ◽

M. Dietlein ◽

W. Krone ◽

H. Schicha ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nuclear Medicine ◽

Pituitary Adenomas ◽

Dopamine D2 Receptor ◽

Somatostatin Receptor ◽

D2 Receptor ◽

Ectopic Acth Syndrome ◽

Endocrine Disorders ◽

Ectopic Acth ◽

Number Of Patients ◽

Hypothalamic Pituitary Axis

SummaryThe following article reviews nuclear medicine techniques which can be used for assessment of endocrine disorders of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis. For planar and SPECT imaging somatostatin-receptor- and dopamine- D2-receptor-scintigraphy are the most widely distributed techniques. These nuclear medicine techniques may be indicated in selected cases to answer differential diagnostic problems. They can be helpful to search for presence and localization of receptor positive tissue. Furthermore they can detect metastasis in the rare cases of a pituitary carcinoma. Scintigraphy with Gallium-67 is suitable for further diagnostic evaluation in suspected hypophysitis. Other SPECT radiopharmaca do not have relevant clinical significance. F-18-FDG as PET radiopharmacon is not ideal because obvious pituitary adenomas could not be visualized. Other PET radiopharmaca including C-11-methionine, C-11-tyrosine, F-18-fluoroethylspiperone, C-11-methylspiperone, and C-11-raclopride are available in specialized centers only. Overall indications for nuclear medicine in studies for the assessment of endocrine disorders of the hypothalamic-pituitary-axis are rare. Original studies often report only about a small number of patients. According to the authors’ opinion the relevance of nuclear medicine in studies of clinically important endocrinologic fields, e. g. localization of small ACTH-producing pituitary adenomas, tumor localization in ectopic ACTH syndrome, localization of recurrent pituitary tissue, assessment of small incidentalomas, can not be definitely given yet.

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SKIN BIOPSY AND THYROTROPHIN ASSAY IN CHILDREN WITH ENDOCRINE DISORDERS, ESPECIALLY HYPOTHYROIDISM

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/acta.0.0180557 ◽

1955 ◽

Vol 18 (4) ◽

pp. 557-559 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Henning Andersen ◽

Gustav Asboe-Hansen ◽

Flemming Quaade ◽

Robert Wichmann

Keyword(s):

Skin Biopsy ◽

Endocrine Disorders

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PITUITARY-ADRENAL RECOVERY FOLLOWING LONG-TERM CORTICOSTEROID THERAPY

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/acta.0.0510063 ◽

1966 ◽

Vol 51 (1) ◽

pp. 63-70 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

P. F. Roe ◽

D. M. Mitchell ◽

G. W. Pennington

Keyword(s):

Corticosteroid Therapy ◽

Adrenocortical Function ◽

Endocrine Disorders ◽

Marked Rise ◽

Underlying Condition ◽

Normal Limits ◽

Small Rise ◽

The Mean ◽

Corticosteroid Drugs

ABSTRACT Adrenocortical function was assessed in 20 patients receiving long-term corticosteroid drugs for a variety of non-endocrine disorders. In all cases plasma 17-hydroxycorticosteroids (17-OHCS) levels were within or above normal limits 48 hours after abruptly stopping their drugs and a further marked rise occurred in 7 patients given metyrapone for 24 h. Urinary 17-OHCS excretion did not show a parallel rise. Taking the group as a whole, a small rise in the mean output occurred 48 hours after stopping therapy, and a further slightly greater rise followed metyrapone. 3 patients had a relapse of their underlying condition during the test in spite of normal plasma and urinary 17-OHCS levels.

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SERUM THYROTROPHIN AND THE RESPONSE TO THYROTROPHIN RELEASING HORMONE IN SYMPTOMLESS AUTOIMMUNE THYROIDITIS AND IN BORDERLINE AND OVERT HYPOTHYROIDISM

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/acta.0.0750274 ◽

1974 ◽

Vol 75 (2) ◽

pp. 274-285 ◽

Cited By ~ 42

Author(s):

A. Gordin ◽

P. Saarinen ◽

R. Pelkonen ◽

B.-A. Lamberg

Keyword(s):

Autoimmune Thyroiditis ◽

Elevated Serum ◽

Mean Value ◽

Primary Hypothyroidism ◽

Overt Hypothyroidism ◽

Thyrotrophin Releasing Hormone ◽

Releasing Hormone ◽

The Mean ◽

The Individual ◽

Serum Tsh

ABSTRACT Serum thyrotrophin (TSH) was determined by the double-antibody radioimmunoassay in 58 patients with primary hypothyroidism and was found to be elevated in all but 2 patients, one of whom had overt and one clinically borderline hypothyroidism. Six (29%) out of 21 subjects with symptomless autoimmune thyroiditis (SAT) had an elevated serum TSH level. There was little correlation between the severity of the disease and the serum TSH values in individual cases. However, the mean serum TSH value in overt hypothyroidism (93.4 μU/ml) was significantly higher than the mean value both in clinically borderline hypothyroidism (34.4 μU/ml) and in SAT (8.8 μU/ml). The response to the thyrotrophin-releasing hormone (TRH) was increased in all 39 patients with overt or borderline hypothyroidism and in 9 (43 %) of the 21 subjects with SAT. The individual TRH response in these two groups showed a marked overlap, but the mean response was significantly higher in overt (149.5 μU/ml) or clinically borderline hypothyroidism (99.9 μU/ml) than in SAT (35.3 μU/ml). Thus a normal basal TSH level in connection with a normal response to TRH excludes primary hypothyroidism, but nevertheless not all patients with elevated TSH values or increased responses to TRH are clinically hypothyroid.

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