Moral Integration or Social Segregation? Vegetarianism and Vegetarian Religious Communities in Chinese Religious Life

2019 ◽  
pp. 37-64
Author(s):  
Nikolas Broy
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Xiaoxuan Wang

This article explores critical shifts in the governance of religion amid massive urbanization and technological advances in contemporary China. Since the turn of the millennium, along with rapid urban transformation, the Chinese state has greatly expanded its reach into and surveillance of religious communities. At the same time, tensions between state initiatives and religious communities have come to the forefront of public attention. So far, scholarly attention has mostly focused on the repression of religious communities, especially Christians. The goal of this article is to highlight broader transitions in the ways religion is governed in China and to reflect on how these transitions should be understood alongside the government's social and political agendas. The advancement of technologies and the extension of the bureaucratic system to maintain control of a rapidly urbanizing society, I argue, have brought about a “technological turn” of secularism in China, which will have a far-reaching impact on religious life.


1973 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 77-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brenda M. Bolton

The early thirteenth century was an extraordinary period in the history of piety. Throughout Europe, and especially in urban communities, lay men and women were seized by a new religious fervour which could be satisfied neither by the new orders nor by the secular clergy. Lay groups proliferated, proclaiming the absolute and literal value of the gospels and practising a new life-style, the vita apostolica. This religious feeling led to the formation, on the eve of the fourth lateran council, of numerous orders of ‘poor men’ and shortly afterwards, to the foundation of the mendicant orders. From this novel interpretation of evangelical life women by no means wished to be excluded and many female groups sprang simultaneously into being in areas as far distant as Flanders and Italy. Yet how were such groups to be regarded because current attitudes to women were based on inconsistent and contradictory doctrines? It was difficult to provide the conditions under which they could achieve their desire for sanctity as they were not allowed to enter the various orders available to men. How then were men to reply to the demands of these women for participation in religious life? That there should be a reply was evident from the widespread heresy in just those areas in which the ferment of urban life encouraged the association of pious women. And heretics were dangerously successful with them! For the church, the existence of religious and semi-religious communities of women raised, in turn, many problems, not least the practicalities involved in both pastoral care and economic maintenance. Only, after 1215, when it attempted to regulate and discipline them, did it realise the widespread enthusiasm on which their movement was based.


2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 159
Author(s):  
I Wayan Sunampan Putra

<em><span lang="IN">Harmony in religious life is an important phenomenon to note. Considering that several different religions have developed in Indonesia, it is necessary to apply the teachings of harmony theology. Community life under religious pluralism is not always harmonious. In daily life, several cases of disharmony of religious communities often occur. This disharmony occurs because of the lack of tolerance between religious people with one another. To bring back the attitude of tolerance, one needs to explore religious teachings. Thus, there is no longer a nerrow mind against Hindus. The theology of harmony in the Hindu perspective in this case seeks to provide teachings about the unity of mankind. </span><span lang="EN">In the Hindu perspective of harmony theology, every human being should respect his fellow human beings because they come from the same source, namely God. Harmony is a religious obligation and obedience to God, it is also a cultural guideline and customs. The synergy between the two has always greatly influenced people's perspectives and attitudes regarding various matters, including efforts to create a harmonious life in the midst of plurality.</span><span lang="EN"> </span></em>


2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 152
Author(s):  
I Made Sukma Muniksu

Living in a social and religious life, you will find very rapid differences in communication between Deaf and Hearing Friends. So that each individual must respect and respect each other. In this way, religious harmony will be realized. Listeners can learn BISINDO so they can communicate with Deaf Friends. Listening friends can learn starting from the easiest, namely recognizing letters and numbers. Because through letters and numbers can provide symbols that are very useful in communication. Communication is a basic human activity. There is not an individual who will not be involved in communication. In this relationship in communication, it is in the form of tolerance and information between religious communities which are the core elements of limited religious harmony within the internal environment of a religion. Meanwhile, horizontal relationships, or patterns of human relations with each other or humans with surrounding communities of different cultures, races, religions, be it in the form of social cooperation or individual patterns with individuals to build a stronger sense of brotherhood. A society with a social and religious life definitely needs communication. Even though the communication occurred between Listening Friends and Deaf Friends. All activities that occur in religious life cannot be separated from the communication from the communicator to the communicant. A deaf friend who uses BISINDO as a communicant has the right to know what information he gets from other people. In a diverse life, Teman Deaf also has the right to receive religious teachings that he believes in.


2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 67
Author(s):  
Musda Asmara

This paper aims to explore the thoughts of Abdurrahman Wahid about Islam and plurarism in political development in Indonesia, referring to the condition of the Indonesian nation that is difficult to live amid a climate of religious plurality, then he voiced the call for peaceful coexistence in the social life of religious communities in Indonesia. For Abdurrahman, with his keen thoughts on religion and nationalism, he directed his thoughts on inclusiveness in religious life. This paper is presented in the literature review. The results can be drawn from this paper, that the plurarism according to Gus Dur, namely the existence of awareness to know each other and dialogue sincerely so that one group with each other take and give. Islam as the majority religion in Indonesia, continued Gus Dur, has important values in creating harmony among peoples and achieve political stability in Indonesia. This idea can be glimpsed in terms of indigenous Islam, democratic values and human rights, humanitarian principles in the plurality of society, the principle of justice, egalitarian


2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 80
Author(s):  
Mujiyanto Mujiyanto

<p>This study aims to find out how to cultivate multicultural education to the community, what lies behind the establishment of a shared house of worship in a neighborhood location of the Boyolali Regency Government, and how the conditions of harmony among religious communities in Boyolali Regency. The results of this study indicate that: (1) Multicultural education has been going well and has been socialized by religious leaders and leaders through various formal and non-formal activities in places of worship and in schools; (2) Establishment of places of worship on the initiative of the Boyolali Regent and supported by religious and masayarak leaders, with the aim of building togetherness to overcome differences, and to create harmony of religious life; (3) Religious harmony in Boyolali Regency has been going well, there has never been a conflict between followers of different religions.</p>


Author(s):  
Shai Secunda

Rituals governing menstruation were an important aspect of Babylonian Jewish life, and they took shape within the context of Sasanian Mesopotamia, where neighboring religious communities were similarly animated by menstruation and its assumed impurity. The Talmud’s Red Fence: Menstruation and Difference in Babylonian Judaism and its Sasanian Context examines how the Talmudic rules of menstruation functioned within the dynamic space of Sasanian Mesopotamia. It argues that difference and differentiation between pure and impure, women and men, gentile and Jew, and the Babylonian and Palestinian Talmuds drove the development and observance of the Talmudic discourse of menstrual impurity, which influences Jewish life to this day. The Talmud’s Red Fence exemplifies Irano-Talmudic research—the effort to understand the Babylonian Talmud within its Sasanian Iranian context. To this end, it reads the Talmud alongside relevant Zoroastrian, Mandaic, and Syriac Christian texts to shed light on this previously overlooked aspect of late antique religious life. The book shows how the Talmudic menstrual rituals developed in conversation with other Sasanian religious communities, especially with Zoroastrians, who had a developed a similarly legalistic discourse of menstrual purity. And it considers the challenges of using an androcentric text to reconstruct a feature of late antique Jewish life that is intimately connected to the female experience.


Author(s):  
Carol Engelhardt

This chapter examines one of the most significant achievements of the Oxford Movement, the establishment of vowed religious communities for women. It discusses some of the most significant figures in the history of these sisterhoods and describes the work undertaken by the approximately 10,000 women who belonged to one of the many communities established in the second half of the nineteenth century. Acknowledging that in many ways these communities ratified existing gender roles, this chapter also sees that by standing firm against opposition from bishops and popular opinion, these women and their male supporters contributed to an alternative and productive role for women.


2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 628-645
Author(s):  
Hafizullah Emadi

Hindus and Sikhs, longtime minority religious communities in Afghanistan, have played a major role in the social, cultural, and economic development of the country. Their history in Afghanistan has not been faithfully documented nor relayed beyond the country's borders by their resident educated strata or religious leaders, rendering them virtually invisible and voiceless within and outside of their country borders. The situation of Hindu and Sikh women in Afghanistan is significantly more marginalized socially and politically. Gender equality and women's rights were central to the teachings of Guru Nanak, but gradually became irrelevant to the daily lives of his followers in Afghanistan. Hindu and Sikh women have sustained their hope for change and seized any opportunity presented to play a role in the process. Active participants in the social, cultural, and religious life of their respective communities as well as in Afghanistan's government, their contributions to social changes and the political process have gone mostly unnoticed and undocumented as their rights, equality, and standing in the domestic and public arena in Afghanistan continue to erode in the face of continuous discrimination and harassment.


2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 19-23
Author(s):  
Anatolii Kolodnyi ◽  
Liudmyla Fylypovych

The article considers the methodological approaches used by academic religious scholars in forming the concept of religious security, in particular in Ukraine. A complete and holistic strategy or program "Religious security of Ukraine" does not yet exist, but it is being actively developed. In general, security is understood as a state in which no one and nothing threatens anyone or anything. The authors define the religious security of Ukraine as the protection of its spiritual and religious space from aggression, destruction, interference, imposition, coercion, correction, etc. by other non-Ukrainian structures, organizations, states, people who are aimed at blur and the destruction of the Ukrainian world, reducing its resistance to all other worlds. The authors analyze in detail the external and internal factors of religious security of Ukraine, which threaten its independence and autonomy, individual and collective identity. Based on this analysis, it is concluded that the Concept of national and religious security should contain provisions that ensure the free confession of faith by every citizen of Ukraine with the freedom of the religious communities functioning. The authors formulate the methodological approaches of Ukrainian academic religious studies that will allow to build this Concept. Among them: 1) worldview focus on building Ukrainian world, which is understood as a society dominated by Ukrainian values, Ukrainian visions, constructively change post-Soviet and Russian stereotypes and forms of interaction between people and social structures to specifically Ukrainian; 2) upholding the value of religious freedom and the plurality of religious life in Ukraine; 3) to affirm the openness of the religions existing in Ukraine, when one or another religious system is not closed to different tradition, but is open for communication with other institutions of both the secular and religious world; 4) to practice a new format of communication, which is possible only through and in the form of dialogue: dialogue between Church and State, Church and society, Church and Church; 5) to assist the state and its representatives in implementing the policy of equality with regard to religious organizations; 6) rely on the professionalism of experts and the responsibility of the media in objective coverage, scientific analysis and large-scale dissemination of information about the religious life of Ukraine. All this should contribute to the dominance of stability, predictability, legality, mutual understanding and cooperation of representatives of both the religious and state spheres, both secular and religious segments of Ukrainian society.


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