scholarly journals Semantics - Noun Phrases and Verb Phrases

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Noun Phrases ◽  
Verb Phrases

Do you investigate word order in detail or do you investigate in detail word order? On word order and headedness in the recent history of English

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier Pérez-Guerra
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Middle English ◽  
Word Order ◽  
Noun Phrases ◽  
Recent History ◽  
Verb Phrases ◽  
Text Types ◽  
History Of ◽  
Late Modern

AbstractThis paper examines the design of verb phrases and noun phrases, focusing on the diachronic tendencies observed in the data in Middle English, Early Modern, and Late Modern English. The approach is corpus-based and the data, representing different periods and text types, is taken from the

scholarly journals WUJUD CAMPUR KODE POSTINGAN AKUN FACEBOOK MEME MANADO BASUDARA

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Matrona Mamudi ◽  
Golda J. Tulung ◽  
Mariam Pandean
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Noun Phrases ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Verb Phrases ◽  
Mixed Code ◽  
English Verb ◽  
English Noun

AbstractThis researchaims to describe mixing code form of the post of facebook account Meme Manado Basudara. The object of this research mixing code form of the post of facebook account Meme Manado Basudara. The research method used is descriptive qualitative method. Data analysis techniques in this research are descriptive analysis and data collection techniques with 2 techniques, namely reading and note taking. Based on the analysis of the research, it was found that the forms of words consisting of nouns (nouns), adjectives (adjectives), verbs (verbs), adverbs (adverbs). The various forms of phrase codes were also found in this research, namely noun phrases, verb phrases and adjective phrases.There are mixing code form of words consisting of mixed forms of noun code (nouns) instead of 7 nouns consisting of 6 Indonesian nouns and 1 English noun. The mixing code form of adjective found 8 adjectives consisting of 6 Indonesian adjectives, 6 Indonesian adjectives and 2 English adjectives. The mixing code form of verbs (11 verbs), 11 verbs consisting of 6 Indonesian verbs, 5 verbs in English. The form of a mixture of adverb code that is 3 Indonesian adverb languages. The results of the research mixing code form of the post of facebook account Meme Manado Basudaraalso found mixed forms of phrase codes including 1 English noun phrase, 1 English verb phrase and 1 English adjective phrase.Keywords : mixed code, social media, ,meme

Evaluation of the epistemic state of the speaker/author

2018 ◽  
Vol 71 (6) ◽  
pp. 1482-1492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Clifton ◽  
Lyn Frazier
Keyword(s):  
Noun Phrase ◽  
Noun Phrases ◽  
Epistemic State ◽  
Verb Phrases ◽  
Linguistic Input

Language users are sensitive to their language’s grammatical requirements, the plausibility of the situation described and the information shared by speaker and listener. We propose that they are also sensitive to whether an author is likely to be in a state of knowledge that actually supports the assertion being made. Failure to be in such a state reduces the naturalness of the assertion. Consistent with this proposal, sentences with a disjoined noun phrase are judged to be less natural than their conjunctive counterparts, presumably because the author of a disjunctive sentence must know that an event took place but not know which of the two individuals was the agent. This unlikely state of knowledge reduces the naturalness of the sentence. The results of three experiments indicate that providing evidence that the speaker could be in an unlikely epistemic state reduces the disjunction penalty; a fourth extends the demonstration of the penalty from coordinated noun phrases to coordinated verb phrases. We also present one experiment that explores the possibility that disjunction penalty is due to the unexpectedness of a disjunction. These findings demonstrate that language users evaluate linguistic input in light of the epistemic state of its author.

scholarly journals Conceptual Manipulation and Semantic Distinctions in Mandarin Verb Complements: The Contrast between shàng and dào

2004 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 160
Author(s):  
Hui-Chen Sabrina Hsiao
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Noun Phrases ◽  
Main Function ◽  
Cognitive Approach ◽  
Spatial Concepts ◽  
Prepositional Phrases ◽  
Verb Phrases ◽  
Explanatory Account ◽  
Main Verb ◽  
Directional Complements

This study investigates the lexicalization of spatial and aspectual components incorporated in Mandarin verb complements (VCs hereafter) shàng ‘up’ and dào ‘arrive’. The verb complement in Mandarin is well-known as the second verbal element in VV construction. Traditionally, V-shàng and V-dào are categorized as ‘directional complements’ and ‘phase complements’ respectively (Chao 1968; Li and Thompson 1981). Both VCs shàng and dào, originally functioning as a main verb (Gao 1995), are similar to the counterpart ‘up/on/above/over’ and ‘arrive/ reach’ in English; they have various usages, such as in verb phrases, and prepositional phrases, for example. Although there is no doubt that shàng and dào are poly-functional, it seems that there is no agreement on to what extent particular uses are related to one another. Most of the previous studies focus on the spatial meanings lexicalized in noun phrases and postpositions; they provide explanations based on a metaphorical approach or cultural values. However, such accounts cannot entirely explain the main function of the post-verbal comple- ments shàng and dào in VV construction. In this paper, I explore the subtle distinctions between the satellites shàng and dào, and provide an explanatory account for their seemingly diverse functions from a cognitive approach. Moreover, this paper aims to offer another perspective on the conceptual properties of spatial and aspectual notions embodied in these two verb complements, and verify evidence that Mandarin treats five framing events as a single conceptual entity. The organization of this paper is as follows. A brief literature review and the theoretical framework are presented in section 1. In section 2, the data involved the verb complements shàng and dào are introduced. In section 3, based on Talmy’s (2000) framework and framing event types, I discuss several examples and account for how aspectual and spatial concepts are explicitly expressed in shàng and dào regarding different framing event types. Section 4 shows a summary of findings and conclusion.

scholarly journals Zombies lost in translation. The translation from English to Spanish of (de)humanizing pronouns

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 91
Author(s):  
Linda Flores Ohlson
Keyword(s):  
Noun Phrases ◽  
The Other ◽  
Linguistic Feature ◽  
Subject Pronouns ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Verb Phrases ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Lost In Translation

<p>The present paper analyses which strategies are used in order to express the personal/inanimate pronoun contrast that serves the function of (de)humanizing zombies, when passages containing this linguistic feature in English are translated into Spanish. English has two sets of pronouns/adjectives, the ones that express personhood (he/his/him, she/her), and the inanimate ones (it/its). The explicit use of these pronouns is obligatory. Spanish on the other hand, has one set of pronouns (él, ella, su, lo, la) that are used both to express personhood as well as with inanimate references. The Spanish subject pronouns are normally used only when there is a need to highlight the subject or contrast it with another subject. Consequently, translators from English to Spanish face a challenge with regard to the translation of the (de)humanizing effect the pronoun contrast adds to the texts in English. The corpus contains examples of the English pronouns being translated with noun phrases, verb phrases, noun clauses, and pronouns, while in some cases the pronoun contrast is omitted, and therefore lost in the translation.</p>

scholarly journals Hasil Kajian Sintaksis Novel Selamat Tinggal Karya Tere Liye sebagai Bahan Ajar Mata Pelajaran Bahasa Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Fathia Rosyida ◽  
Sutrimah Sutrimah ◽  
Garwati Garwati
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Noun Phrases ◽  
Literary Work ◽  
Teaching Material ◽  
Grammatical Structure ◽  
Teaching Materials ◽  
Verb Phrases ◽  
Bahasa Indonesia

Abstract: Novels can be interpreted as a form of literary work written by the author without releasing the intrinsic and extrinsic elements. For this reason, the purpose of this study is to find out 1) the form of phrases, clauses, and sentences in Tere Liye's novel entitled Selamat Tinggal 2) the results of the study of Tere Liye's novel entitled Selamat Tinggal can be used as teaching materials for Indonesian language subjects. This research is a qualitative research using listening, engaging, and proficient techniques starting from steps 1) preparation, 2) data collection, and 3) data analysis. The conclusions of this research are (1) Tere Liye's novel entitled Selamat Tinggal contains elements of phrases, clauses, and sentences. Phrases in Tere Liye's novel entitled Selamat Tinggal are verb phrases, noun phrases, adjective phrases, numeral phrases, endocentric phrases, and exocentric phrases. The clause in Tere Liye's novel entitled Selamat Tinggal is in the form of positive and negative clauses. Sentences in Tere Liye's novel entitled Selamat Tinggal are sentences based on 1) pronunciation, 2) grammatical structure or number of phrases, 3) function, 4) elements, 5) arrangement, 6) style or form of presentation, 7) subject. (2) The results of the study of Tere Liye's novel entitled Selamat Tinggal can be used as teaching materials for Indonesian language subjects from elementary to high school levels based on KI and KD at each level of education.Keywords: Novel entitled Selamat Tinggal, Tere Liye, Syntax, teaching material, Indonesian language subject  Abstrak: Novel dapat dimaknai sebagai bentuk karya sastra yang ditulis oleh pengarang dengan tidak melepaskan unsur intrinsik dan ekstrinsik. Untuk itu tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah ingin mengetahui 1) bentuk frasa, klausa, dan kalimat pada novel Selamat Tinggal karya Tere Liye, 2) hasil kajian novel Selamat Tinggal karya Tere Liye dapat dijadikan sebagai bahan ajar mata pelajaran bahasa Indonesia. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan menggunakan teknik simak, libat, dan cakap dengan dimulai dari langkah 1) persiapan, 2) pengumpulan data, dan 3) analisis data. Simpulan penelitian ini adalah (1) Novel Selamat Tinggal karya Tere Liye mengandung Unsur frasa, klausa, dan kalimat. Frasa pada novel Selamat Tinggal karya Tere Liye berupa frasa verba, frasa nomina, frasa adjektiva, frasa numeralia, frasa endosentris, frasa eksosentris. Klausa pada novel Selamat Tinggal karya Tere Liye berupa klausa positif dan negatif. Kalimat pada novel Selamat Tinggal karya Tere Liye berupa kalimat yang didasarkan pada 1) pengucapan, 2) struktur gramatikal atau jumlah frasa, 3) fungsi, 4) unsur, 5) susunan, 6) gaya atau bentuk penyajian, 7) subjek. (2) Hasil kajian novel Selamat Tinggal karya Tere Liye dapat dijadikan sebagai bahan ajar mata pelajaran bahasa Indonesia mulai jenjang sekolah dasar hingga menengah atas berdasarkan KI dan KD pada setiap jenjang pendidikan tersebut. Kata Kunci: Novel Selamat Tinggal, Tere Liye, sintaksis, bahan ajar, mata pelajaran bahasa Indonesia 

scholarly journals MENGUNGKAP KOSAKATA DALAM PROSESI ADAT PERKAWINAN ETNIS KAILI DI KOTA PALU

Multilingual ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-146
Author(s):  
Nurmiah NFN ◽  
Aminah NFN
Keyword(s):  
Noun Phrases ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Verb Phrases ◽  
Data Collecting ◽  
Three Stages

AbstractThis paper had aimed to describe to vocabularies using in traditional ritual of marriage of Kaili’s ethnic in Palu city. Method applies was descriptive one. The data sources was the oral speechs which was using in the ritual. The data collecting was taken by observation technique and extended by non participate observation technique and recorded technique. The result were described that there were three stages in traditional ritual of marriage in Palu, : (1) before marriage, (2) in-process marriage, and(3) after marriage. There were nineteen vocabularies which related with the ritual; eight in stage of before marriage, eight in-process, and three vocabularies in the stage of after marriage. Those nineteen vocabularies were verbs, nouns, verb phrases, noun phrases, and proverb.Keywords: Kaili’s ethnic, vocabularies, marriage

scholarly journals Bahasa kasar dialek Banyumasan

LingTera ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-111
Author(s):  
Dimas Setiaji Prabowo ◽  
Mulyana Mulyana
Keyword(s):  
Noun Phrases ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Type ◽  
Data Resource ◽  
Descriptive Research ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
Verb Phrases ◽  
Data Validity ◽  
And Function ◽  
Semantic Validity

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan bahasa kasar Dialek Banyumasan di Desa Kedungreja Kabupaten Cilacap. Penelitian ini menjelaskan wujud, referen, dan fungsi bahasa kasar Dialek Banyumasan yang digunakan di Desa Kedungreja Kabupaten Cilacap. Penelitian ini termasuk ke dalam jenis penelitian deskriptif. Data dari penelitian ini yaitu kata-kata kasar dialek Banyumasan di dalam masyarakat Desa Kedungreja Kabupaten Cilacap. Sumber data dari penelitian ini yaitu tuturan lisan masyarakat Desa Kedungreja Kabupaten Cilacap dalam kegiatan sehari-hari di tempat yang banyak terjadi proses interaksi dari para penuturnya. Langkah-langkah pengumpulan data dari penelitian ini yaitu dengan cara teknik menyimak, teknik sadap, teknik rekam, dan teknik catat. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah dengan cara teknik analisis sosio pragmatik. Untuk mendapatkan validitas data dengan menggunakan validitas triangulasi teori, validitas semantik, dan pertimbangan ahli, sedangkan untuk mendapatkan reliabilitas menggunakan reliabilitas stabilitas. Hasil penelitian ini menjelaskan tentang wujud, referen, dan fungsi bahasa kasar Dialek Banyumasan di Desa Kedungreja Kabupaten Cilacap. Wujud bahasa kasar Dialek Banyumasan di Desa Kedungreja Kabupaten Cilacap yaitu kata dasar, kata berimbuhan, dan frasa. Referensi bahasa kasar Dialek Banyumasan di Desa Kedungreja Kabupaten Cilacap yang ditemukan meliputi referen nama hewan, bagian tubuh, jenis makanan, kata benda, kotoran, keadaan seseseorang, keadaan tertentu, dan kegiatan tertentu. Fungsi bahasa kasar dialek Banyumasan di Desa Kedungreja Kabupaten Cilacap digunakan untuk menjelaskan rasa marah, rasa jengkel, rasa kecewa, menghina orang lain, rasa menyesal, dan rasa heran. Harsh language of Banyumasan dialect AbstractThe aim of this research was to explain the coarse language of Banyumasan dialect in Kedungreja village, Cilacap Regency. This study explained form, reference, and function of the coarse Language of Banyumasan dialect used in Kedungreja village, Cilacap Regency. This study employed descriptive research. The data of the research was the coarse words of Banyumasan dialect in Kedungreja Village, Cilacap Regency. The data resource of this research was the expression of Kedungreja villagers, Cilacap Regency in daily activities, such as at market, youth association, at pos kamling, and many more. The steps of gathering data for this research were observing technique, tapping technique, recording, and writing the data of research. The technique of data analysis in this research was sociopragmatic analysis technique. This study applied validity triangulation theory, semantic validity, and expert consideration to get data validity, while to get reliability, it implied reliability stability. The result of this research is a description about form, reference, and function of the coarse language of Banyumasan dialect in Kedungreja Village, Cilacap Regency. The forms of the coarse Language of Banyumasan dialect in Kedungreja Village, Cilacap Regency were basic words, affixes, and phrases. The types of the course language of Banyumasan dialect in Kedungreja village, Cilacap Regency, were namely noun/noun phrases, adjective/adjective phrases, and verb /verb phrases. The references of the coarse language of Banyumasan dialect in Kedungreja Village, Cilacap Regency were animal’s name, parts of the body, type of food, noun, filth, someone’s condition, certain condition, and certain activity. The function of the course language of Banyumasan dialect in Kedungreja Village, Cilacap Regency, was namely to express anger, irritation, disappointment, insulting others, regret and astonishment.

English and American Sign Language Grammar

2021 ◽  
pp. 246-304
Author(s):  
Susan R. Easterbrooks
Keyword(s):  
American Sign Language ◽  
Sign Language ◽  
Hard Of Hearing ◽  
Noun Phrases ◽  
Instructional Sequence ◽  
American Sign ◽  
Instructional Objectives ◽  
Verb Forms ◽  
Verb Phrases ◽  
Similarities And Differences

This chapter describes the structures of English and of American Sign Language in proximity to one another so the reader may see similarities and differences when attempting to prepare an instructional sequence. Whereas the previous sections described how to teach language, this section addresses what to teach. Therefore it is a resource chapter the teacher will return to often in designing objectives and instruction. Nouns, noun phrases and advanced nominals, verbs, verb phrases and advanced verb forms, adjectives, adjectival phrases and advanced adjectival forms, adverbs, adverbial phrases and advanced adverbial forms, and negation are examined in depth. The individualized education plan for every deaf and hard-of-hearing learner should list prominently those specific instructional objectives identified as missing through assessment.

scholarly journals The Use of Appraisal Theory to Analyze Thai Newspaper Commentaries

MANUSYA ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-89
Author(s):  
Sudrutai Arunsirot
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Responses ◽  
Noun Phrases ◽  
Political Conflict ◽  
Appraisal Theory ◽  
Time And Space ◽  
Online Newspapers ◽  
Explicit Attitudes ◽  
Expression Of Emotion ◽  
Verb Phrases ◽  
News Value

This study explores Thai newspaper commentaries focused on the disruption of the ASEAN Summit on April 11, 2009. The objective of the present study is to examine lexical strategies employed by appraisal theory, a tool to analyze the attitudes expressed in newspaper commentaries in greater depth. The data of this study was obtained from thirty-two newspaper commentaries retrieved from nine online newspapers: Banmuang, Dailynews, Khaosod, Komchadluek, Manager, Matichon, Naewna, Posttoday and Thaipost. The results reveal that the commentators made use of both positive and negative emotional responses through either adjectives, noun phrases or verb phrases in terms of affect, which deals with the expression of emotion. Under judgement, which deals with moral assessments of behavior, the commentators judged people’s behavior either positively or negatively through either adjectives, adverbs, noun phrases, verb phrases or metaphors as well as appreciation which deals with aesthetic assessments. With respect to attitude, a resource of language that enables commentators to express their attitude, the Thai newspaper commentaries examined contained predominantly negative evaluative lexis. Negative lexical items make the commentaries more intense and emotional for readers because of the news value of negativity, which focuses on political conflict in the Thai context. In the graduation category of appraisal, which is concerned with gradability, the explicit attitudes occurred with grading up rather than grading down. In the force subcategory, which relates to adjusting the degree of an evaluation, the commentators achieved intensification through isolation, infusion, repetition and metaphor, and achieved quantification through quantity, which is encoded as number and extent in time and space in order to enhance readers’ agreement with the commentators’ attitudes. Under focus, which relates to adjusting the boundaries of a categorical meaning, most stances represent a sharpening of the attitudinal entity rather a softening one.

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