Stochastic Description of Growth and Aging in Animals

AbstractCancer is a leading cause of death in both developed and developing countries, and because of population growth and aging, it is a growing medical burden worldwide. With robust development in medicine, the use of stem cells has opened new treatment modalities in cancer therapy. In adult stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are showing rising promise in cancer treatment due to their unique properties. Among different sources of MSCs, human amniotic fluid/membrane is an attractive and suitable reservoir. There are conflicting opinions about the role of human amniotic membrane/fluid mesenchymal stem cells (hAMSCS/hAFMSCs) in cancer, as some studies demonstrating the anticancer effects of these cells and others suggesting their progressive effects on cancer. This review focuses on recent findings about the role of hAMSCs/hAFMSCs in cancer treatment and summarizes the suppressing as well as promoting effects of these cells on cancer progression and underling mechanisms.

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E-Triage Systems for COVID-19 Outbreak: Review and Recommendations

Sensors ◽

10.3390/s21082845 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (8) ◽

pp. 2845

Author(s):

Fahd Alhaidari ◽

Abdullah Almuhaideb ◽

Shikah Alsunaidi ◽

Nehad Ibrahim ◽

Nida Aslam ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Population Growth ◽

Disease Severity ◽

Waiting Time ◽

Transmission Rate ◽

Waiting Times ◽

Triage System ◽

Disease Symptoms ◽

Comprehensive Review ◽

Severity Levels ◽

Growth And Aging

With population growth and aging, the emergence of new diseases and immunodeficiency, the demand for emergency departments (EDs) increases, making overcrowding in these departments a global problem. Due to the disease severity and transmission rate of COVID-19, it is necessary to provide an accurate and automated triage system to classify and isolate the suspected cases. Different triage methods for COVID-19 patients have been proposed as disease symptoms vary by country. Still, several problems with triage systems remain unresolved, most notably overcrowding in EDs, lengthy waiting times and difficulty adjusting static triage systems when the nature and symptoms of a disease changes. In this paper, we conduct a comprehensive review of general ED triage systems as well as COVID-19 triage systems. We identified important parameters that we recommend considering when designing an e-Triage (electronic triage) system for EDs, namely waiting time, simplicity, reliability, validity, scalability, and adaptability. Moreover, the study proposes a scoring-based e-Triage system for COVID-19 along with several recommended solutions to enhance the overall outcome of e-Triage systems during the outbreak. The recommended solutions aim to reduce overcrowding and overheads in EDs by remotely assessing patients’ conditions and identifying their severity levels.

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Kinetics of domain growth and aging in a two-dimensional off-lattice system

Physical Review E ◽

10.1103/physreve.102.062119 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 102 (6) ◽

Author(s):

Jiarul Midya ◽

Subir K. Das

Keyword(s):

Lattice System ◽

Domain Growth ◽

Two Dimensional ◽

Growth And Aging ◽

Kinetics Of

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On Exact and Approximate Approaches for Stochastic Receptor-Ligand Competition Dynamics—An Ecological Perspective

Mathematics ◽

10.3390/math8061014 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (6) ◽

pp. 1014

Author(s):

Polly-Anne Jeffrey ◽

Martín López-García ◽

Mario Castro ◽

Grant Lythe ◽

Carmen Molina-París

Keyword(s):

Summary Statistics ◽

Steady State Distribution ◽

State Distribution ◽

Cellular Receptors ◽

Stochastic Description ◽

The Matrix ◽

Common Resource ◽

A Cell ◽

The Common ◽

Cellular Medium

Cellular receptors on the cell membrane can bind ligand molecules in the extra-cellular medium to form ligand-bound monomers. These interactions ultimately determine the fate of a cell through the resulting intra-cellular signalling cascades. Often, several receptor types can bind a shared ligand leading to the formation of different monomeric complexes, and in turn to competition for the common ligand. Here, we describe competition between two receptors which bind a common ligand in terms of a bi-variate stochastic process. The stochastic description is important to account for fluctuations in the number of molecules. Our interest is in computing two summary statistics—the steady-state distribution of the number of bound monomers and the time to reach a threshold number of monomers of a given kind. The matrix-analytic approach developed in this manuscript is exact, but becomes impractical as the number of molecules in the system increases. Thus, we present novel approximations which can work under low-to-moderate competition scenarios. Our results apply to systems with a larger number of population species (i.e., receptors) competing for a common resource (i.e., ligands), and to competition systems outside the area of molecular dynamics, such as Mathematical Ecology.

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Evolution of germ-line signals that regulate growth and aging in nematodes

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ◽

10.1073/pnas.012511099 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 99 (2) ◽

pp. 769-774 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

M. N. Patel ◽

C. G. Knight ◽

C. Karageorgi ◽

A. M. Leroi

Keyword(s):

Germ Line ◽

Growth And Aging

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CEMENTAL DEPOSITION AS AN AGE CRITERION IN BISON, AND THE RELATION OF INCISOR WEAR, EYE-LENS WEIGHT, AND DRESSED BISON CARCASS WEIGHT TO AGE

Canadian Journal of Zoology ◽

10.1139/z65-016 ◽

1965 ◽

Vol 43 (1) ◽

pp. 173-178 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

N. S. Novakowski

Keyword(s):

Aging Process ◽

Annual Growth ◽

Carcass Weight ◽

Chronological Age ◽

Eye Lens ◽

Tooth Replacement ◽

Northern Latitudes ◽

Growth And Aging

The relation of cemental deposition, incisor wear, eye-lens weight, and dressed carcass weight to age in bison was investigated in an attempt to define this relation on the basis of annual increments. It was expected that the bison, particularly in northern latitudes, would be subject to a cyclic or annual growth and aging process which would be reflected in an analysis of the above criteria. It was found that cemental deposition occurred in the premolars and molars beyond age 4 1/2 and that this deposition appeared in the form of alternating layers of translucent and opaque cementum, each set combined to form one annual band. Incisor wear provided a further check on this technique. It was found that eye-lens weight and dressed carcass weight were not reliable indicators of chronological age, particularly beyond 4 1/2 years of age when tooth replacement could not be used to define the limits of variability found in eye-lens weights and dressed carcass weights.

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