scholarly journals Human amniotic mesenchymal stem cells to promote/suppress cancer: two sides of the same coin

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ameneh Jafari ◽  
Mostafa Rezaei-Tavirani ◽  
Behrouz Farhadihosseinabadi ◽  
Hakimeh Zali ◽  
Hassan Niknejad
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Adult Stem Cells ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Human Amniotic Membrane ◽  
Amniotic Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Growth And Aging

AbstractCancer is a leading cause of death in both developed and developing countries, and because of population growth and aging, it is a growing medical burden worldwide. With robust development in medicine, the use of stem cells has opened new treatment modalities in cancer therapy. In adult stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are showing rising promise in cancer treatment due to their unique properties. Among different sources of MSCs, human amniotic fluid/membrane is an attractive and suitable reservoir. There are conflicting opinions about the role of human amniotic membrane/fluid mesenchymal stem cells (hAMSCS/hAFMSCs) in cancer, as some studies demonstrating the anticancer effects of these cells and others suggesting their progressive effects on cancer. This review focuses on recent findings about the role of hAMSCs/hAFMSCs in cancer treatment and summarizes the suppressing as well as promoting effects of these cells on cancer progression and underling mechanisms.

The Use of Mesenchymal Stem Cells and their Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Cardiovascular Disease Treatment

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. 623-638
Author(s):  
Saeideh Gholamzadeh Khoei ◽  
Fateme Karimi Dermani ◽  
Sara Malih ◽  
Nashmin Fayazi ◽  
Mohsen Sheykhhasan
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Adult Stem Cells ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Therapeutic Option ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Cellular Source

Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD), including disorders of cardiac muscle and vascular, is the major cause of death globally. Many unsuccessful attempts have been made to intervene in the disease's pathogenesis and treatment. Stem cell-based therapies, as a regeneration strategy, cast a new hope for CVD treatment. One of the most well-known stem cells is mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), classified as one of the adult stem cells and can be obtained from different tissues. These cells have superior properties, such as proliferation and highly specialized differentiation. On the other hand, they have the potential to modulate the immune system and anti-inflammatory activity. One of their most important features is the secreting the extracellular vesicles (EVs) like exosomes (EXOs) as an intercellular communication system mediating the different physiological and pathophysiological affairs. Methods: In this review study, the importance of MSC and its secretory exosomes for the treatment of heart disease has been together and specifically addressed and the use of these promising natural and accessible agents is predicted to replace the current treatment modalities even faster than we imagine. Results: MSC derived EXOs by providing a pro-regenerative condition allowing innate stem cells to repair damaged tissues successfully. As a result, MSCs are considered as the appropriate cellular source in regenerative medicine. In the plethora of experiments, MSCs and MSC-EXOs have been used for the treatment and regeneration of heart diseases and myocardial lesions. Conclusions: Administration of MSCs has been provided a replacement therapeutic option for heart regeneration, obtaining great attention among the basic researcher and the medical doctors.

scholarly journals Potential Role of the Gut Microbiome In Colorectal Cancer Progression

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaeho Kim ◽  
Heung Kyu Lee
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Intestinal Inflammation ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Host Immune System ◽  
Anti Cancer

An increasing number of studies have revealed that the progression of colorectal cancer (CRC) is related to gut microbiome composition. Under normal conditions, the gut microbiome acts as a barrier to other pathogens or infections in the intestine and modulates inflammation by affecting the host immune system. These gut microbiota are not only related to the intestinal inflammation associated with tumorigenesis but also modulation of the anti-cancer immune response. Thus, they are associated with tumor progression and anti-cancer treatment efficacy. Studies have shown that the gut microbiota can be used as biomarkers to predict the effect of immunotherapy and improve the efficacy of immunotherapy in treating CRC through modulation. In this review, we discuss the role of the gut microbiome as revealed by recent studies of the growth and progression of CRC along with its synergistic effect with anti-cancer treatment modalities.

LncRNA Neu Mediates Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells (BMSCs) Growth and Promotes Cervical Cancer Progression Through Suppression of MicroRNA-625

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 862-866
Author(s):  
Qiuxiang Ning ◽  
Fa Guo ◽  
Pengfei Xiao ◽  
Xiulan Liu ◽  
Ya Ding
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Cell Viability ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
After Cancer

The tumorigenesis mechanism of cervical cancer (CC) is complicated as several pathways deserve exploration. LncRNAs are recently highlighted to be involved in various biological processes. The role of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) in tumor regulation is recently investigated. Herein, we aimed to explore the interaction between lncRNA Neu and microRNA (miR)-625 and BMSCs in CC. Expression levels of lncRNA Neu and miR-625 in CC cells and BMSCs were determined by RT-qPCR. The relationship between lncRNA Neu and miR-625 was analyzed by Pearson correlation analysis. After cancer cells were transfected with siRNA-Neu, CCK-8 assay and clone formation assay were conducted to determine cell proliferation and viability. LncRNA Neu was highly expressed in CC cells and poorly expressed in BMSCs. Knockdown of lncRNA Neu attenuated cell viability and proliferation while increased miR-625 expression. MiR-625 expression was negatively correlated with expression of lncRNA Neu in CC cells. Overexpression of miR-625 resulted in weakened CC cell viability. Collectively, lncRNA Neu was highly expressed in CC and promoted the development of CC through stimulating the growth of BMSCs and suppressing miR-625 expression. These findings provide a novel insight into targeted therapy for CC.

scholarly journals Bone-Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Organ Repair

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming Li ◽  
Susumu Ikehara
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Adult Stem Cells ◽  
Lung Epithelial Cells ◽  
Lung Epithelial ◽  
Proliferation And Differentiation ◽  
Organ Repair ◽  
Mesodermal Lineage

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are prototypical adult stem cells with the capacity for self-renewal and differentiation with a broad tissue distribution. MSCs not only differentiate into types of cells of mesodermal lineage but also into endodermal and ectodermal lineages such as bone, fat, cartilage and cardiomyocytes, endothelial cells, lung epithelial cells, hepatocytes, neurons, and pancreatic islets. MSCs have been identified as an adherent, fibroblast-like population and can be isolated from different adult tissues, including bone marrow (BM), umbilical cord, skeletal muscle, and adipose tissue. MSCs secrete factors, including IL-6, M-CSF, IL-10, HGF, and PGE2, that promote tissue repair, stimulate proliferation and differentiation of endogenous tissue progenitors, and decrease inflammatory and immune reactions. In this paper, we focus on the role of BM-derived MSCs in organ repair.

scholarly journals Metastatic Niches and the Modulatory Contribution of Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Its Exosomes

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (8) ◽  
pp. 1946 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matias Valenzuela Alvarez ◽  
Luciana M. Gutierrez ◽  
Alejandro Correa ◽  
Alberto Lazarowski ◽  
Marcela F. Bolontrade
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Metastatic Tumor ◽  
Metastatic Progression ◽  
Detection Strategies ◽  
Different Sources

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) represent an interesting population due to their capacity to release a variety of cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors, and due to their motile nature and homing ability. MSCs can be isolated from different sources, like adipose tissue or bone marrow, and have the capacity to differentiate, both in vivo and in vitro, into adipocytes, chondrocytes, and osteoblasts, making them even more interesting in the regenerative medicine field. Tumor associated stroma has been recognized as a key element in tumor progression, necessary for the biological success of the tumor, and MSCs represent a functionally fundamental part of this associated stroma. Exosomes represent one of the dominant signaling pathways within the tumor microenvironment. Their biology raises high interest, with implications in different biological processes involved in cancer progression, such as the formation of the pre-metastatic niche. This is critical during the metastatic cascade, given that it is the formation of a permissive context that would allow metastatic tumor cells survival within the new environment. In this context, we explored the role of exosomes, particularly MSCs-derived exosomes as direct or indirect modulators. All this points out a possible new tool useful for designing better treatment and detection strategies for metastatic progression, including the management of chemoresistance.

scholarly journals Effects of Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Human Amniotic Membrane on Sciatic Nerve Repair in Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Siyawash Xaki ◽  
Afshin Fathi ◽  
Mehdi Ariana ◽  
Hamid Reza Aghayan ◽  
Babak Arjmand ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Sciatic Nerve ◽  
Nerve Injury ◽  
Amniotic Membrane ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Sciatic Nerve Injury ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Human Amniotic Membrane

Background: Peripheral nerve injuries remain a great challenge for microsurgery despite the significant progress in recent decades. The current gold standard is autogenous nerve grafting with a success rate as low as 50% in long gaps. Current studies have focused on finding alternative methods for bridging nerve defects. Previous data have demonstrated the role of human amniotic membrane in stimulating neural regeneration. On the other hand, adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells can differentiate into all three germ layers and could support nerve repair. The purpose of this study was to compare the role of the human amniotic membrane with and without adipose tissue stem cells in sciatic nerve injury with gap in rats. Objectives: We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the human amniotic membrane with and without adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells in sciatic nerve injury with gap in rats. Methods: Twenty-four male Wistar rats in four random groups were used in our study. In the first group, the nerve gap was repaired using the inverse resected nerve segment (Control group), the second group was repaired with a human amniotic membrane (AM group), the third group was repaired with an amnion sheet with seeded adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AM/ADMSCs group), and the last group was not repaired, and both stumps were sutured to muscles. Results: All the animals underwent the procedures and survived without complication. The sciatic function index and hot plate test results were significantly improved in the AM and AM/ADMSCs groups compared to the Control group (as a gold standard of care) (P>0.05). Based on histopathology findings, regenerative nerve fibers were seen in the implanted area of both AM and AM/ADMSCs groups; however, nerve fibers were surrounded by significant fibrosis (scar formation) in the AM/ADMSCs group. The axon count in the Control group was significantly higher than both experimental groups (P < 0.01). Conclusions: Our study showed the role of amniotic membrane in the promotion of nerve regeneration in sciatic nerve injury with a gap, but adding adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells not only has no extra benefits, but also causes more tissue scar.

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