scholarly journals Composition of fatty acids and tocopherols in peels, seeds and leaves of Sea buckthorn

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zuzana Burčová ◽  
František Kreps ◽  
Štefan Schmidt ◽  
Michal Jablonský ◽  
Aleš Ház ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Palmitoleic Acid ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Vaccenic Acid ◽  
Sea Buckthorn ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Gamma Tocopherol ◽  
Tocopherol Composition

Abstract Peels, seeds and leaves of the Sea buckthorn were extracted by methanol and chloroform and characterized in terms of the fatty acids (FA) and tocopherol composition. All morphological parts of Sea buckthorn contained these biologically active compounds useful in medicine, pharmacology, human nutrition and cosmetics. The highest amount of α-tocopherol was found in peels (1103 mg kg-1). The lowest content of α-tocopherol was found in leaves (659 mg kg-1). Delta-tocopherol was found in higher amount in peels 1757 mg kg-1. Seeds contained 95 mg kg-1 of delta-tocopherols. Gamma-tocopherol was found in seeds (459 mg kg-1), peels (188 mg kg-1) and in leaves (587 mg kg-1). β-tocopherol was present only in seeds (171 mg kg-1). Unsaturated fatty acids were dominant in all morphological parts of Sea buckthorn. The highest amounts of unsaturated fatty acids (92 rel. %) were determined in seeds. Dominant fatty acids of seeds were linoleic acid (37 %), α-linolenic acid (30 %) and vaccenic acid (20 %). Leaves were rich in α-linolenic acid (51 %). Dominant fatty acids of peels were oleic acid (16 %), palmitic acid (33 %) and palmitoleic acid (29 %).

scholarly journals A non-canonical Δ9-desaturase synthesizing palmitoleic acid identified in the thraustochytrid Aurantiochytrium sp. T66

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
E-Ming Rau ◽  
Inga Marie Aasen ◽  
Helga Ertesvåg
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Synthase ◽  
Palmitoleic Acid ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Gene Annotation ◽  
Vaccenic Acid ◽  
Strain Engineering ◽  
Δ9 Desaturase ◽  
Δ12 Desaturase

Abstract Thraustochytrids are oleaginous marine eukaryotic microbes currently used to produce the essential omega-3 fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, C22:6 n-3). To improve the production of this essential fatty acid by strain engineering, it is important to deeply understand how thraustochytrids synthesize fatty acids. While DHA is synthesized by a dedicated enzyme complex, other fatty acids are probably synthesized by the fatty acid synthase, followed by desaturases and elongases. Which unsaturated fatty acids are produced differs between different thraustochytrid genera and species; for example, Aurantiochytrium sp. T66, but not Aurantiochytrium limacinum SR21, synthesizes palmitoleic acid (C16:1 n-7) and vaccenic acid (C18:1 n-7). How strain T66 can produce these fatty acids has not been known, because BLAST analyses suggest that strain T66 does not encode any Δ9-desaturase-like enzyme. However, it does encode one Δ12-desaturase-like enzyme. In this study, the latter enzyme was expressed in A. limacinum SR21, and both C16:1 n-7 and C18:1 n-7 could be detected in the transgenic cells. Our results show that this desaturase, annotated T66Des9, is a Δ9-desaturase accepting C16:0 as a substrate. Phylogenetic studies indicate that the corresponding gene probably has evolved from a Δ12-desaturase-encoding gene. This possibility has not been reported earlier and is important to consider when one tries to deduce the potential a given organism has for producing unsaturated fatty acids based on its genome sequence alone. Key points • In thraustochytrids, automatic gene annotation does not always explain the fatty acids produced. • T66Des9 is shown to synthesize palmitoleic acid (C16:1 n-7). • T66des9 has probably evolved from Δ12-desaturase-encoding genes.

scholarly journals Inhibition of steroid 5α-reductase by specific aliphatic unsaturated fatty acids

1992 ◽  
Vol 285 (2) ◽  
pp. 557-562 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Liang ◽  
S Liao
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Binding Assay ◽  
Reductase Activity ◽  
Undecylenic Acid ◽  
Gamma Linolenic Acid ◽  
Enzymic Assay

Human or rat microsomal 5 alpha-reductase activity, as measured by enzymic conversion of testosterone into 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone or by binding of a competitive inhibitor, [3H]17 beta-NN-diethulcarbamoyl-4-methyl-4-aza-5 alpha-androstan-3-one ([3H]4-MA) to the reductase, is inhibited by low concentrations (less than 10 microM) of certain polyunsaturated fatty acids. The relative inhibitory potencies of unsaturated fatty acids are, in decreasing order: gamma-linolenic acid greater than cis-4,7,10,13,16,19-docosahexaenoic acid = cis-6,9,12,15-octatetraenoic acid = arachidonic acid = alpha-linolenic acid greater than linoleic acid greater than palmitoleic acid greater than oleic acid greater than myristoleic acid. Other unsaturated fatty acids such as undecylenic acid, erucic acid and nervonic acid, are inactive. The methyl esters and alcohol analogues of these compounds, glycerols, phospholipids, saturated fatty acids, retinoids and carotenes were inactive even at 0.2 mM. The results of the binding assay and the enzymic assay correlated well except for elaidic acid and linolelaidic acid, the trans isomers of oleic acid and linoleic acid respectively, which were much less active than their cis isomers in the binding assay but were as potent in the enzymic assay. gamma-Linolenic acid had no effect on the activities of two other rat liver microsomal enzymes: NADH:menadione reductase and glucuronosyl transferase. gamma-Linolenic acid, the most potent inhibitor tested, decreased the Vmax. and increased Km values of substrates, NADPH and testosterone, and promoted dissociation of [3H]4-MA from the microsomal reductase. gamma-Linolenic acid, but not the corresponding saturated fatty acid (stearic acid), inhibited the 5 alpha-reductase activity, but not the 17 beta-dehydrogenase activity, of human prostate cancer cells in culture. These results suggest that unsaturated fatty acids may play an important role in regulating androgen action in target cells.

scholarly journals Effect of diethylstilboestrol on adipose-tissue lipids

1965 ◽  
Vol 97 (2) ◽  
pp. 371-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
JD Sink ◽  
CK Huston ◽  
JW Shigley
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Stearic Acid ◽  
Palmitoleic Acid ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Tissue Lipids

1. The effect of diethylstilboestrol on the fatty acid composition of adipose-tissue lipids of the ox (Bos taurus) was studied. 2. The capsula adiposa (perirenal) was shown to contain more total saturated fatty acids, whereas more total unsaturated fatty acids were found in the panniculus adiposus (subcutaneous). 3. Significantly more stearic acid and linolenic acid were obtained from the capsula adiposa, whereas the panniculus adiposus contained more myristoleic acid, palmitoleic acid and oleic acid. 4. Implanting diethylstilboestrol significantly increased the deposition of the saturated fatty acids, particularly stearic acid. 5. A decrease in the deposition of total unsaturated fatty acids, myristoleic acid, palmitoleic acid and linoleic acid can also be attributed to the diethylstilboestrol treatment.

Abstract MP005: Plasma Phospholipid Concentration of Palmitoleic Acid is Associated with an Increased Risk of Heart Failure in Male Physicians

Circulation ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 125 (suppl_10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luc Djousse ◽  
Natalie Weir ◽  
Gregory Kotler ◽  
Naomi Hanson ◽  
Michael Tsai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Palmitoleic Acid ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Index Case ◽  
Vaccenic Acid ◽  
Plasma Phospholipid ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Stearoyl Coa Desaturase

Background: Plasma fatty acids in the de novo lipogenesis including plamitoleic acid have been associated with a higher risk of blood pressure and type 2 diabetes (two major risk factors for heart failure -HF). However, limited data are available on the association between plasma levels of palmitoleic acid and HF risk. Objective: To test the hypothesis that plasma palmitoleic acid concentration is associated with an increased risk of HF. In a secondary aim, we examined whether stearoyl-CoA desaturase indices, cis -vaccenic acid, and oleic acid were associated with HF risk. Methods: We used a prospective nested case-control design for this project among participants of the Physicians' Health Study. For each of the 788 HF cases, we used the risk set method to randomly select a control among all eligible controls at the time of the index case occurrence. Each control was matched on age, year of birth, race, and time of blood collection of the index case. We used gas chromatography to measure plasma phospolipid fatty acids on frozen blood samples collected between 1997 and 2001 on study subjects free of HF. HF events were ascertained via annual follow-up questionnaires and validated in a subsample through review of medical records (positive predictive value 91% -- 50 confirmed out of 55 self-reported cases). Results: Mean age was 58.7 ± 8.0 years. In a conditional logistic regression controlling for matching factors, odds ratios (95% CI) for HF were 1.0 (reference), 1.00 (0.75–1.33), 1.22 (0.91–1.64), and 1.48 (1.10–1.99) across consecutive quartiles of palmitoleic acid (p trend 0.005). Additional adjustment for body mass index, smoking, alcohol intake, exercise, prevalent diabetes and coronary disease, marine omega-3 fatty acids, hypertension treatment, and plasma stearic acid did not alter the results [OR: 1.0, 1.00 (0.72–1.37), 1.23 (0.89–1.72), and 1.51 (1.06–2.15) from the lowest to the highest quartile, p trend 0.014]. When analyzed as a continuous variable, each standard deviation increase of plasma palmitoleic acid was associated with a 15% higher odds of HF [OR: 1.15 (1.01–1.31)] in a multivariable adjusted model. In a secondary analysis, plasma phospholipid oleic acid (18:1n−9) and cis-vaccenic acid (18:1n−7) were not associated with the odds of HF. Indices of stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (16:1n−7 to 16:0 ratio) and desaturase-2 (18:1n−9 to 18:0 ratio) were not significantly associated with the odds of HF. Conclusion: Our data showed that plasma concentration of palmitoleic acid is positively associated with the risk of HF in male physicians. This suggests that fatty acids in the de novo lipogenesis may play a role in the development of HF.

scholarly journals Comparison of Biochemical Properties of the Original and Newly Identified Oleate Hydratases from Stenotrophomonas maltophilia

2017 ◽  
Vol 83 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Woo-Ri Kang ◽  
Min-Ju Seo ◽  
Kyung-Chul Shin ◽  
Jin-Byung Park ◽  
Deok-Kun Oh
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Stenotrophomonas Maltophilia ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Hydroxy Fatty Acids ◽  
Plant Oils ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Oleate Hydratase

ABSTRACT Oleate hydratases (OhyAs) catalyze the conversion of unsaturated fatty acids to 10-hydroxy fatty acids, which are used as precursors of important industrial compounds, including lactones and ω-hydroxycarboxylic and α,ω-dicarboxylic acids. The genes encoding OhyA and a putative fatty acid hydratase in Stenotrophomonas maltophilia were identified by genomic analysis. The putative fatty acid hydratase was purified and identified as an oleate hydratase (OhyA2) based on its substrate specificity. The activity of OhyA2 as a holoenzyme was not affected by adding cofactors, whereas the activity of the original oleate hydratase (OhyA1) showed an increase. Thus, all characterized OhyAs were categorized as either OhyA1 or OhyA2 based on the activities of holoenzymes upon adding cofactors, which were determined by the type of the fourth conserved amino acid of flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD)-binding motif. The hydration activities of S. maltophilia OhyA2 toward unsaturated fatty acids, including oleic acid, palmitoleic acid, linoleic acid, α-linolenic acid, and γ-linolenic acid, were greater than those of OhyA1. Moreover, the specific activity of S. maltophilia OhyA2 toward unsaturated fatty acids, with the exception of γ-linolenic acid, was the highest among all reported OhyAs. IMPORTANCE All characterized OhyAs were categorized as OhyA1s or OhyA2s based on the different properties of the reported and newly identified holo-OhyAs in S. maltophilia upon the addition of cofactors. OhyA2s showed higher activities toward polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), including linoleic acid, α-linolenic acid, and γ-linolenic acid, than those of OhyA1s. This suggests that OhyA2s can be used more effectively to convert plant oils to 10-hydroxy fatty acids because plant oils contain not only oleic acid but also PUFAs. The hydration activity of the newly identified OhyA2 from S. maltophilia toward oleic acid was the highest among the activity levels reported so far. Therefore, this enzyme is an efficient biocatalyst for the conversion of plant oils to 10-hydroxy fatty acids, which can be further converted to important industrial materials.

scholarly journals The metabolism of oleic, linoleic and linolenic acids by sheep with reference to their effects on methane production

1966 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 349-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Czerkawski ◽  
K. L. Blaxter ◽  
F. W. Wainman
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Double Bond ◽  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Methane Production ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Heat Of Combustion ◽  
Energy Retention ◽  
Made In

1. Nine experiments, each with one of six sheep with cannulated rumens given a constant diet of dried grass, were made in which oleic, linoleic or linolenic acid was infused into the rumen and energy and lipid metabolism were measured. One experiment was made in which palmitic acid was given. 2. Judged by changes in the composition of isolated fatty acids, the unsaturated fatty acids were hydrogenated in the rumen. An increase in the excretion of lipid in the faeces occurred when the unsaturated acids were given. The heat of combustion of the faeces increased by 12.6±3.0 kcal/100 kcal fatty acid, of which 94% was accounted for by the additional lipid. 3. Methane production fell when the unsaturated fatty acids were infused, the decreases being 13.8±1.6 kcal CH4;/I00 kcal oleic acid, 14.2±1.5 kcal CH4/100 kcal linoIeic acid and 16.4±1.3 kcal CH4/100 kcal Iinolenic acid. The introduction of a double bond into an n-alkyl acid was calculated to reduce methane production by 0.24±0.09 moles/mole double bond. 4. Because the depression of methane production on infusing the fatty acids exceeded the increase in the heat of combustion of the faeces, the metabolizable energy of the fatty acids was 104.1±5.3% of their heat of combustion. 5. The efficiencies with which the fatty acids were used to promote energy retention were 74.6±5.7% for oleic acid, 79.2±2.0 % for linoleic acid and 82.5±3.0% for linolenic acid. These efficiencies agreed with those noted in experiments by others with rats, horses and pigs given glycerides, but were higher than those noted by others when glycerides were added to the diets of ruminants.

Biogenesis of Conjugated Linoleic Acids

2017 ◽  
pp. 1-28
Author(s):  
Sailas Benjamin ◽  
Kizhakepowathil Nair Unni ◽  
Prakasan Priji ◽  
Andre-Denis Girard Wright
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Vaccenic Acid ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Conjugated Linoleic Acids ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Micro Organisms ◽  
Relationship Of

One of the key areas in animal husbandry is to improve the quality (nutritional value) of dairy and meat products by enriching them with Conjugated Linoleic Acids (CLAs) like (cis-9, trans-11)- and (trans-10, cis-12)-octadecadienicacids; the former (rumenic acid) predominates all the CLAs. Though Vaccenic Acid (VA) is the immediate precursor of rumenic acid, dietary unsaturated fatty acids like Oleic Acid (OA), Linoleic Acid (LA) and a-Linolenic Acid (ALA) are the distant precursors of CLAs; and that CLA and VA are formed as intermediates during the biohydrogenation of the dietary OA, LA and ALA into fully saturated stearic acid. The mutual inter-relationship of rumen microbiota encompassing bacteria, protozoa and fungi facilitates the biohydrogenation process. Thus, this chapter critically evaluates the knowledge accumulated during the past four decades on the precursor of CLAs, micro-organisms involved in the production of CLA, the mechanism of biohydrogenation, and chemical synthesis of CLA, coupled with the rationale for biohydrogenation and factors affecting the production of CLA.

Study of the fatty acid composition of Artemia salina cysts from Tunisia

2013 ◽  
Vol 93 (7) ◽  
pp. 1795-1803 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hachem Ben Naceur ◽  
Nabila Ghazali ◽  
Amel Ben Rejeb Jenhani ◽  
Mohamed Salah Romdhane
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Arachidonic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Eicosapentaenoic Acid ◽  
Palmitic Acid ◽  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Palmitoleic Acid ◽  
Vaccenic Acid ◽  
Artemia Salina ◽  
Total Contribution

In the present study, decapsulated cysts from eleven Tunisian Artemia salina populations were analysed for their fatty acid profile. Results showed that palmitic (16:0), palmitoleic (16:1n-7), stearic (18:0), cis-vaccenic (18:1n-7), oleic (18:1n-9), linoleic (18:2n-6), linolenic (18:3n-3) and eicosapentaenoic (20:5n-3) were the major fatty acids. The ratio of C16:0/C16:1 fatty acids fluctuated between 0.8 and 3.8. Docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n-3) was absent or found in trace (<0.2%) and arachidonic acids (20:4n-6) was found in higher quantity in all marine-type cysts than in freshwater-type cysts samples. Furthermore, based on the fatty acid profile of the studied Artemia salina populations, we can concluded that Sijoumi, Sahline, Bekalta, Mcheguig and El Adhibet strains could be ascribed to marine-type Artemia, whereas the population from Moknine, Sidi El Hani, Sfax, El Melah, Zarzis and Mhabeul could be categorized as freshwater-type. Principal components analysis showed that palmitoleic acid, linolenic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, arachidonic acid and C16:0/C16:1 ratio are the most important fatty acids variable between cysts samples, with a total contribution of 68.73% relatively to the first component, whereas, for the second component, palmitic acid, cis-vaccenic acid and oleic acid, are the most important variables, with a total contribution of 56.25%. Moreover, palmitoleic acid, linolenic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, arachidonic acid and C16:0/C16:1 ratio are the most important fatty acids which contribute to the discrimination between freshwater and marine-type Artemia; while palmitic acid, cis-vaccenic acid and oleic acids represent the major fatty acids permitting differentiation between strains from the same Artemia type, especially for freshwater-type Artemia.

scholarly journals Changes in Soybean (Glycine max L.) Flour Fatty-Acid Content Based on Storage Temperature and Duration

Molecules ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (10) ◽  
pp. 2713 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mayakrishnan Prabakaran ◽  
Kyoung-Jin Lee ◽  
Yeonju An ◽  
Chang Kwon ◽  
Soyeon Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Soybean Flour

Soybeans are low in saturated fat and a rich source of protein, dietary fiber, and isoflavone; however, their nutritional shelf life is yet to be established. This study evaluated the change in the stability and quality of fatty acids in raw and roasted soybean flour under different storage temperatures and durations. In both types of soybean flour, the fatty-acid content was the highest in the order of linoleic acid (18-carbon chain with two double bonds; C18:2), oleic acid (C18:1), palmitic acid (C16:0), linolenic acid (18:3), and stearic acid (C18:0), which represented 47%, 26%, 12%, 9%, and 4% of the total fatty-acid content, respectively. The major unsaturated fatty acids of raw soybean flour—oleic acid, linoleic acid, and linolenic acid—decreased by 30.0%, 94.4%, and 97.7%, and 38.0%, 94.8%, and 98.0% when stored in polyethylene and polypropylene film, respectively, after 48 weeks of storage under high-temperature conditions. These values were later increased due to hydrolysis. This study presents the changes in composition and content of two soybean flour types and the changes in quality and stability of fatty acids in response to storage temperature and duration. This study shows the influence of storage conditions and temperature on the nutritional quality which is least affected by packing material.

scholarly journals PROFIL MONOUNSATURATED DAN POLYUNSATURATED FATTY ACIDS DALAM PLASMA DARAH WANITA YANG MENGONSUMSI JAMU

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 23-37
Author(s):  
Fatwa Hasbi ◽  
Endang Darmawan ◽  
Akrom Akrom
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acid ◽  
Palmitoleic Acid ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Poly Unsaturated Fatty Acid ◽  
One Way Anova

Latar Belakang : Masyarakat Indonesia diketahui gemar mengonsumsi jamu. Pada riskesdas tahun 2010 diketahui bahwa 59,12% masyarakat Indonesia mengonsumsi jamu. Jamu merupakan minuman asli Indonesia yang terbuat dari tumbuh-tumbuhan untuk tujuan pengobatan. MUFA dan PUFA banyak di temukan pada tumbuh-tumbuhan.   MUFA (Mono Unsaturated Fatty Acid) & PUFA (Poly Unsaturated Fatty Acid) merupakan golongan lemak tak jenuh yang dapat menurunkan kadar LDL serta menaikkan kadar HDL dalam darah.Tujuan : Untuk mengetahui profil monounsaturated dan polyunsaturated fatty acids dalam plasma darah wanita yang mengonsumsi jamuMetode : Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan observasional dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Jumlah relawan dalam penelitian adalah 127 orang. Kadar MUFA & PUFA dalam plasma darah diukur menggunakan GC-MS. Hasil pengukuran kemudian dianalisis secara statistik dengan menggunakan uji distribusi frekuensi dan one-way ANOVA dengan taraf kepercayaan 95%.Hasil : Rata-rata kadar asam lemak pada  relawan yang minum jamu adalah MUFA 0,176% dan PUFA 0,012% . Jenis MUFA dan PUFA yang teridentifikasi di dalam darah relawan wanita yang mengonsumsi jamu di Kabupaten Bantul adalah Palmitoleic acid, Oleic acid (MUFA) dan Linolenic acid (PUFA). Relawan dengan nilai BMI < 18,5 (kurus) memiliki kadar MUFA yang paling tinggi dibandingkan relawan dengan nilai BMI ≥ 18,5.Kesimpulan : Ditemukan kadar MUFA yang lebih banyak dibandingkan dengan PUFA pada plasma darah relawan wanita yang mengonsumsi Jamu.  Terdapat hubungan antara kadar MUFA dengan nilai BMI.Kata kunci: MUFA, Mono Unsaturated Fatty Acid, PUFA, Poly Unsaturated Fatty Acid, Jamu.

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