scholarly journals Growth and photosynthetic responses of Lemna minor L. exposed to cadmium in combination with zinc or copper / Rast i fotosinteza u vodene leće (Lemna minor L.) izložene kadmiju u kombinaciji s cinkom ili bakrom

2015 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Željka Vidaković-Cifrek ◽  
Mirta Tkalec ◽  
Sandra Šikić ◽  
Sonja Tolić ◽  
Hrvoje Lepeduš ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Yield ◽  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Plant Tissue ◽  
Lemna Minor ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Pigment Content ◽  
Effective Quantum Yield ◽  
Cd Uptake ◽  
Psii Efficiency ◽  
Essential Components

Abstract Metals have a variety of negative outcomes on plants, essential components of any ecosystem. The effects of CdCl2 (5 μmol L-1), ZnCl2 (25 or 50 μmol L-1), and CuCl2 (2.5 or 5 μmol L-1) and combinations of CdCl2 with either ZnCl2 or CuCl2 on the growth, photosynthetic pigments, and photosystem II (PSII) efficiency of duckweed (Lemna minor L.) were investigated. All of the treatments caused growth inhibition and remarkable metal accumulation in plant tissue after 4 and 7 days. In the combined treatments, the accumulation of each metal applied was lesser in comparison to treatments with single metals. After 4 days, all of the treatments generally diminished chlorophyll a content and decreased the maximum quantum yield (Fv/Fm) and effective quantum yield (ΔF/F’m) of PSII. However, after 7 days of exposure to a combination of Cd and Zn, pigment content and PSII activity recovered to control levels. A higher concentration of Cu (5 μmol L-1) as well as Cd in combination with Cu had a prolonged inhibitory effect on photosynthetic features. Our results suggest that growth inhibition was due to the toxic effect of absolute metal quantity in plant tissue. Zn counteracted Cd uptake, as seen from the recovery of pigment content and PSII efficiency in plants exposed for 7 days to the Cd and Zn combination. Cu-induced oxidative stress led to a prolonged inhibitory effect in plants treated both with a higher concentration of Cu (5 μmol L-1) and simultaneously with Cd and Cu. Our findings could contribute to general knowledge on anthropogenic and environmental contaminants that endanger plant communities and significantly disrupt the sensitive balance of an ecosystem by influencing photosynthetic mechanisms.

scholarly journals Determination of the Ecotoxicity of Herbicides Roundup® Classic Pro and Garlon New in Aquatic and Terrestrial Environments

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1203
Author(s):  
Lucia Tajnaiová ◽  
Radek Vurm ◽  
Marina Kholomyeva ◽  
Miroslav Kobera ◽  
Vladimír Kočí
Keyword(s):  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Active Substance ◽  
Lemna Minor ◽  
Algal Growth ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Aminomethylphosphonic Acid ◽  
Desmodesmus Subspicatus ◽  
Terrestrial Environments ◽  
Agricultural Yields

Herbicides help increase agricultural yields significantly, but they may negatively impact the life of non-target organisms. Modifying the life cycle of primary producers can affect other organisms in the food chain, and consequently in the whole ecosystem. We investigated the effect of common herbicides Roundup® Classic Pro (active substance glyphosate) and Garlon New (triclopyr and fluroxypyr) on aquatic organisms duckweed Lemna minor and green algae Desmodesmus subspicatus, and on the enzymatic activity of soil. We also compared the effects of Roundup® Classic Pro to that of a metabolite of its active substance, aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA). The results of an algal growth test showed that AMPA has a 1.5× weaker inhibitory effect on the growth of D. subspicatus than the Roundup formula, and the strongest growth inhibition was caused by Garlon New (IC50Roundup = 267.3 µg/L, IC50Garlon = 21.0 µg/L, IC50AMPA = 117.8 mg/L). The results of the duckweed growth inhibition test revealed that Roundup and Garlon New caused 100% growth inhibition of L. minor even at significantly lower concentrations than the ready-to-use concentration. The total chlorophyll content in the fronds was lowest when Garlon New was used. The highest dehydrogenase activity was observed in soil treated with Garlon New, and the lowest in soil treated with Roundup® Classic Pro. The results of this study showed that all three tested substances were ecotoxic to the tested organisms.

scholarly journals Growth and photosynthesis of Lemna minor L. exposed to different light conditions and sucrose supplies

2013 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Željka Vidaković-Cifrek ◽  
Sonja Sorić ◽  
Marija Babić
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Yield ◽  
Lemna Minor ◽  
Action Spectrum ◽  
Photosynthetic Performance ◽  
Light Sources ◽  
Effective Quantum Yield ◽  
Light Conditions ◽  
Promotive Effect ◽  
Sucrose Supply ◽  
Quantum Yield Of Psii

Abstract Duckweed (Lemna minor L.) is a model plant suitable for investigation into plant physiology, biochemistry and ecotoxicology. Depending on the type of the experiment, duckweed is cultivated on different nutrient media under various chamber conditions. In our work, duckweed was cultivated on Pirson-Seidel’s nutrient solution supplemented with 5, 7.5 or 10 g L-1 sucrose under cool white (CW) or Gro-Lux (GL) light sources. When different light sources and sucrose supplies are compared, a significant stimulative effect of GL light on duckweed grown on 7.5 and 10 g L-1 sucrose was seen to start on day 9. Considering photosynthetic performance the results showed that there were no significant differences in maximum quantum yield of PSII (Fv/Fm) after 7 and 16 days of exposure, regardless of light source and sucrose supply. Effective quantum yield of PSII (ΦPSII) decreased only after 16 days of exposure to 5 g L-1 sucrose under CW light. The higher growth rate and photosynthetic performance in plants exposed to GL light is a consequence of its spectral distribution resembling the action spectrum of photosynthesis. Furthermore, enhanced growth noticed in plants cultivated on higher sucrose contents (7.5 and 10 g L-1) indicated the promotive effect of sucrose in plants grown under low light conditions.

scholarly journals Stage-dependent effect of deferoxamine on growth of Plasmodium falciparum in vitro

Blood ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 76 (6) ◽  
pp. 1250-1255 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Whitehead ◽  
TE Peto
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Antimalarial Activity ◽  
Clinical Malaria ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Parasite Development ◽  
And Control ◽  
Speed Of Onset

Abstract Deferoxamine (DF) has antimalarial activity that can be demonstrated in vitro and in vivo. This study is designed to examine the speed of onset and stage dependency of growth inhibition by DF and to determine whether its antimalarial activity is cytostatic or cytocidal. Growth inhibition was assessed by suppression of hypoxanthine incorporation and differences in morphologic appearance between treated and control parasites. Using synchronized in vitro cultures of Plasmodium falciparum, growth inhibition by DF was detected within a single parasite cycle. Ring and nonpigmented trophozoite stages were sensitive to the inhibitory effect of DF but cytostatic antimalarial activity was suggested by evidence of parasite recovery in later cycles. However, profound growth inhibition, with no evidence of subsequent recovery, occurred when pigmented trophozoites and early schizonts were exposed to DF. At this stage in parasite development, the activity of DF was cytocidal and furthermore, the critical period of exposure may be as short as 6 hours. These observations suggest that iron chelators may have a role in the treatment of clinical malaria.

Growth-Inhibiting Properties of Xylem Exudate From Vitis vinifera

1995 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
JA Campbell ◽  
BR Loveys ◽  
VWK Lee ◽  
S Strother
Keyword(s):  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Lemna Minor ◽  
Growth Inhibitor ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Inhibitor Activity ◽  
Xylem Exudate ◽  
Growth Inhibiting

An inhibitory effect on the growth of Lemna minor L. cultures has been demonstrated in xylem exudate from Vitis vinifera L. var. Waltham Cross bled from canes cut near the time of budburst. Most inhibitory activity was detected up to the time of maximal daily exudation, which corresponded closely with budburst. After this time the inhibitory activity rapidly disappeared. A similar pattern occurred in each of the 3 years of the study, 1988-1990. Using ultrafiltration, it was shown that most of the growth inhibitor activity of the crude exudate was located in the 0.5-10 kDa fraction. This fraction exhibited a seasonal variation in its bioactivity similar to that ofthe crude exudate samples. The 0.5-10 kDa fraction was found to contain abscisic acid but not in a sufficient quantity to account for the inhibitory effects. When chromatographically separated fractions corresponding to oligosaccharides were pooled, biological activity equivalent to that of the crude exudate was retained, which provides evidence that the inhibitor is possibly an oligosaccharide.

scholarly journals l-Pyroglutamate Spontaneously Formed from l-Glutamate Inhibits Growth of the Hyperthermophilic Archaeon Sulfolobus solfataricus

2001 ◽  
Vol 67 (8) ◽  
pp. 3650-3654 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chan B. Park ◽  
Sun Bok Lee ◽  
Dewey D. Y. Ryu
Keyword(s):  
Cell Growth ◽  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Yeast Extract ◽  
Formation Rate ◽  
Sulfolobus Solfataricus ◽  
Methionine Sulfoxide ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Culture Broth ◽  
Cell Growth Inhibition

ABSTRACT Identification of physiological and environmental factors that limit efficient growth of hyperthermophiles is important for practical application of these organisms to the production of useful enzymes or metabolites. During fed-batch cultivation of Sulfolobus solfataricus in medium containing l-glutamate, we observed formation of l-pyroglutamic acid (PGA). PGA formed spontaneously from l-glutamate under culture conditions (78°C and pH 3.0), and the PGA formation rate was much higher at an acidic or alkaline pH than at neutral pH. It was also found that PGA is a potent inhibitor of S. solfataricus growth. The cell growth rate was reduced by one-half by the presence of 5.1 mM PGA, and no growth was observed in the presence of 15.5 mM PGA. On the other hand, the inhibitory effect of PGA on cell growth was alleviated by addition of l-glutamate or l-aspartate to the medium. PGA was also produced from the l-glutamate in yeast extract; the PGA content increased to 8.5% (wt/wt) after 80 h of incubation of a yeast extract solution at 78°C and pH 3.0. In medium supplemented with yeast extract, cell growth was optimal in the presence of 3.0 g of yeast extract per liter, and higher yeast extract concentrations resulted in reduced cell yields. The extents of cell growth inhibition at yeast extract concentrations above the optimal concentration were correlated with the PGA concentration in the culture broth. Although other structural analogues ofl-glutamate, such as l-methionine sulfoxide, glutaric acid, succinic acid, and l-glutamic acid γ-methyl ester, also inhibited the growth of S. solfataricus, the greatest cell growth inhibition was observed with PGA. We also observed that unlike other glutamate analogues,N-acetyl-l-glutamate enhanced the growth of S. solfataricus. This compound was stable under cell culture conditions, and replacement of l-glutamate with N-acetyl-l-glutamate in the medium resulted in increased cell density.

scholarly journals Growth inhibition of some Eurotium and Aspergillus species with spice extracts

2007 ◽  
pp. 63-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordana Dimic ◽  
Suncica Kocic-Tanackov ◽  
Dragana Karalic
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Seed Extract ◽  
Aspergillus Species ◽  
Micellar Growth ◽  
Test Cultures

The antifungal activity of spice extracts obtained from caraway seed, garlic and origanum was tested against antifungal activity of Eurotium herbariorum E. amstelodami, Aspergillus flavus and A. sydowii. Caraway seed extract has been proved to possess the highest inhibitory effect on all investigated mould species. The concentrations of caraway extract, sufficient to inhibit the growth completely were: 0,5% for E. herbariorum, E. amstelodami and A. sydowii, and 1% for A. flavus; of garlic, 1% for Eurotium spp. and 2% for A. sydowii, and of origanum, 1% for E. herbariorum and 2% for E. amstelodami. The results of colonies diameter measuring showed that garlic and origanum extracts have no significant suppressing ability on micellar growth of A. flavus, while garlic was more efficient in other test cultures.

scholarly journals Inhibitory effect of propafenone derivatives on pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm and pyocyanin production

2020 ◽  
Vol 148 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 196-202
Author(s):  
Snjezana Petrovic ◽  
Jasmina Basic ◽  
Zoran Mandinic ◽  
Dragana Bozic ◽  
Marina Milenkovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Laboratory Strain ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Clinical Strains ◽  
Control Value ◽  
Essential Components ◽  
Pyocyanin Production

Introduction/Objective. Biofilm and pyocyanin production are essential components of Pseudomonas aeruginosa virulence and antibiotic resistance. Our objective was to examine inhibitory effect of synthetized propafenone derivatives 3-(2-Fluorophenyl)- 1-(2- (2-hydroxy-3-propylamino-propoxy)-phenyl)-propan-1-one hydrochloride (5OF) and3-(2- Trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-1-(2-(2-hydroxy-3-propylamino-propoxy)-phenyl)-propan-1-one hydrochloride (5CF3) on biofilm and pyocyanin in Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical strains. Methods. Effects were tested on nine clinical isolates and one control laboratory strain of P. aeruginosa. In vitro analysis of biofilm growing was performed by incubating bacteria (0.5 McFarland) with 5OF and 5CF3 (500?31.2 ?g/ml) and measuring optical density (OD) at 570 nm. Bacteria in medium without compounds were positive control. Blank medium (an uninoculated medium without test compounds) was used as negative control. Pyocyanin production was estimated by OD at 520 nm, after bacteria incubated with 5CF3 and 5OF (250 and 500 ?g/ml), treated with chloroform, and chloroform layer mixed with HCl. Results. A total of 500 ?g/ml of 5OF and 5CF3 completely inhibited biofilm formation in 10/10 and 4/10 strains, respectively. A total of 250 ?g/ml of 5OF and 5CF3 strongly inhibited biofilm formation in 7/10 strains, while inhibition with 125 ?g/ml of 5OF and 5CF3 was moderate. Lower concentrations had almost no effect on biofilm production. Pyocyanin production was reduced to less than 40% of the control value in 6/9, and less than 50% of the control in 7/9 strains with 500 ?g/ml of 5OF and 5CF3, respectively. At 250 ?g/ml 5OF and 5CF3, most strains had pyocyanin production above 50% of the control value. Conclusion. Synthetized propafenone derivatives, 5OF and 5CF3, inhibited biofilms and pyocyanin production of Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical strains. Presented results suggest that propafenone derivatives are potential lead-compounds for synthesis of novel antipseudomonal drugs.

GROWTH INHIBITION OF SARCOMA 180 BY HORMONE ANTISERA AND 5-FLUOROURACIL

1963 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 453-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ludwik Anigstein ◽  
Dorothy M. Anigstein ◽  
Edward G. Rennels
Keyword(s):  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Experimental Animal ◽  
Inhibitory Action ◽  
Tumour Growth ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Sarcoma 180 ◽  
Swiss Mice ◽  
Somatotrophic Hormone

ABSTRACT Somatotrophic hormone antisera (STHAS) were prepared by the immunization of rabbits with purified bovine or human STH. The capacity of these antiserum preparations to inhibit the growth of experimental animal tumours was tested by giving daily injections to young Swiss mice bearing implants of Sarcoma 180. A significant inhibitory action of both bovine and human STHAS on the growth of Sarcoma 180 tumours was shown. This inhibitory effect was more marked in mice which had been inoculated at birth with the antiserum which was later injected during the period of tumour growth. The use of somatotrophic hormone antiserum treatment in combination with 5-fluorouracil proved to be somewhat more effective than the 5-FU alone. It was concluded that somatotrophic hormone antiserum offers promise as a tumour inhibitory agent and as adjuvant in carcino-therapy.

Local adaptation of a Lessepsian invader species to winter conditions in the Mediterranean Sea

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Débora Silva Raposo ◽  
Raphaël Morard ◽  
Christiane Schmidt ◽  
Michal Kucera
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Yield ◽  
Mediterranean Sea ◽  
Red Sea ◽  
Photosynthetic Activity ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Effective Quantum Yield ◽  
Mediterranean Populations ◽  
Cold Temperatures ◽  
Invasion Front ◽  
The Mediterranean

<p>In recent decades the “Lessepsian” migration caused a rapid change in the marine community composition due to the invasion of alien species from the Red Sea into the Mediterranean Sea. Among these invaders is the large benthic foraminifera <em>Amphistegina lobifera</em>, a diatom-bearing species that recently reached the invasion front in Sicily. There it copes with colder winters and broader temperature than in its original source, the Red Sea. It is not yet known how (or if) the population from the invasion front has developed adaptation to this new thermal regime. Understanding the modern marine invasive patterns is a crucial tool to predict future invasive successes in marine environments. Therefore, in this study we aim to evaluate the physiological responses to cold temperatures of <em>A. lobifera</em> populations at three different invasive stages: source (Red Sea), early invader (Eastern Mediterranean) and invasion front (Sicily). For this, we conducted a culturing experiment in which we monitored the responses of the foraminifera (growth, motility) to temperatures of 10, 13, 16, 19°C + control (25°C) over four weeks. To address what is the role of their endosymbionts in the adaptation process, we also monitored their photosynthetic activity (Pulse Amplitude Modulation - PAM fluorometer) during the experiment. The growth rate of the foraminifera was reduced for all populations below 19°C as well as the motility, reduced until 16°C and dropping to zero below 13°C. The response of the endosymbionts was however different. There was a reduced photosynthetic activity of the Red Sea and Eastern Mediterranean populations at colder temperatures observed by the lower maximum quantum yield (Fv:Fm) and effective quantum yield (Y(II)), when compared to their initial levels and to the other treatments. In the meantime, the endosymbionts of the Sicily population stood out with the highest photosynthetic activity (Fv:Fm and Y(II)) in the treatments bellow 13 °C (P < 0.05). In conclusion, we observed that while the host responses were similar between the three populations, the endosymbionts from the invasion front population shows the best performance at colder temperatures. This suggests that the photo-symbiosis has an important role in adaptation, most likely being a key factor to the success of past and future migrations.</p>

scholarly journals Liposomal delivery of methylphosphonate antisense oligodeoxynucleotides in chronic myelogenous leukemia [see comments]

Blood ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 601-607 ◽  
Author(s):  
AM Tari ◽  
SD Tucker ◽  
A Deisseroth ◽  
G Lopez-Berestein
Keyword(s):  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia ◽  
Fusion Gene ◽  
Hematologic Malignancy ◽  
Control Cell ◽  
Selective Inhibition ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Myelogenous Leukemia ◽  
Ph Chromosome

Abstract Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) is a hematologic malignancy characterized by the presence of the Philadelphia (Ph) chromosome. Bcr- abl, the fusion gene associated with the Ph chromosome, expresses a p210bcr-abl protein that promotes a selective expansion of mature myeloid progenitor cells. Methylphosphonate (MP) oligodeoxynucleotides complementary to specific regions of the bcr-abl mRNA were incorporated in liposomes. We studied the effects of liposomal MP (L-MP) on the growth inhibition of CML-like cell lines. L-MP targeted to the breakpoint junctions of the bcr-abl mRNA inhibited the growth of CML cells. Fifty percent inhibition was achieved at approximately 1 mumol/L of L-MP oligonucleotide concentrations. The inhibitory effect was selective because growth inhibition was observed only with CML but not with control cell lines. Moreover, CML cell growth inhibition was dependent on the sequence of the MP oligodeoxynucleotides incorporated in the liposomes. The growth inhibition of CML cells by L-MP resulted from selective inhibition of the expression of the p210bcr-abl protein.

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