‘What Would Happen If We Were No Longer Able to Narrate?’ Dystopian Speculations and Other Reflections on the Relevance of Narratives for Human Life

2013 ◽  
Vol 131 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Werner Wolf
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary Theory ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Human Knowledge ◽  
Critical Attention ◽  
Cognitive Frame ◽  
Fitness Training ◽  
Point Of Departure

Abstract The contribution highlights the overwhelming importance of narrative for human life. It takes its point of departure from a hypothetically negative assumption: the fiction of an anti-utopian island ‘Udiegesia’, whose inhabitants have lost the ability to narrate. A scenario detailing what would presumably happen in such a case leads on to a (positive) survey of the manifold fields in which narrative is in fact used as a cognitive frame to make sense of, provide orientation in, and a ‘fitness training’ for, life and human societies, a survey which is - in part - inspired by Brian Boyd’s propagation of ‘evocriticism’.2 In the concluding section the claim that all human knowledge is “based on stories”3 will receive brief critical attention. It will be argued that such an exclusive stance is as problematical as the idea that the complexities of narrative’s forms and its various functions for human life can be fully explained by evolutionary theory alone.

Rethinking Cultural Evolutionary Psychology

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 477-492
Author(s):  
Ryan Nichols ◽  
Henrike Moll ◽  
Jacob L. Mackey
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Psychology ◽  
Social Interaction ◽  
Evolutionary Psychology ◽  
Evolutionary Theory ◽  
Cultural Evolution ◽  
Cultural Learning ◽  
Cultural Evolutionary ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Point Of Departure ◽  
Alternative Theories

AbstractThis essay discusses Cecilia Heyes’ groundbreaking new book Cognitive Gadgets: The Cultural Evolution of Thinking. Heyes’ point of departure is the claim that current theories of cultural evolution fail adequately to make a place for the mind. Heyes articulates a cognitive psychology of cultural evolution by explaining how eponymous “cognitive gadgets,” such as imitation, mindreading and language, mental technologies, are “tuned” and “assembled” through social interaction and cultural learning. After recapitulating her explanations for the cultural and psychological origins of these gadgets, we turn to criticisms. Among those, we find Heyes’ use of evolutionary theory confusing on several points of importance; alternative theories of cultural evolution, especially those of the Tomasello group and of Boyd, Richerson and Henrich, are misrepresented; the book neglects joint attention and other forms of intersubjectivity in its explanation of the origins of cognitive gadgets; and, whereas Heyes accuses other theories of being “mindblind,” we find her theory ironically other-blind and autistic in character.

scholarly journals TINJAUAN KRITIS TERHADAP EPISTEMOLOGI IMMANUEL KANT (1724-1804)

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 74
Author(s):  
Lailiy Muthmainnah
Keyword(s):  
Immanuel Kant ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Pure Reason ◽  
Human Knowledge ◽  
Critique Of Pure Reason ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Metaphysical Problem ◽  
Hermeneutic Approach ◽  
Personal Invitation

The background of this article is a metaphysical problem that arose in Immanuel Kant's thought in his Critique of Pure Reason. Through a hermeneutic approach this article aims to analyze the metaphysical problems that arise in Immanuel Kant's epistemology of thought. Based on the research results can be concluded that the unequivocal separation between phenomena and noumena will cause humans will never come to the knowledge of the Transcendent, as well as with moral and aesthetics. This is because such knowledge can only be obtained through my participation as a Subject through the process of continuous existence and more of a personal invitation. In the end it can be concluded that the nature of analog knowledge is the meaning of multidimensional side of human life. This brings consequences to the need for intersubjective dialogue and continual openness. Knowledge is an infinite thing. Human knowledge therefore will never reach the end of the journey but only continuously expanded its horizon.

scholarly journals ACTIVITY OF A SUBJECT OF THE DAILY LIFE UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF A VITAL THREAT IN THE PROBLEM FIELD OF PSYCHOLOGY

2021 ◽  
pp. 221-229
Author(s):  
Ольга Валерьевна Никитина
Keyword(s):  
Human Life ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Integrative Approach ◽  
Mental Life ◽  
Human Knowledge ◽  
Vital Activity ◽  
Psychological Science ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Individual Style

Проблема активности является одной из ключевых проблем человекознания, уделяется внимание теоретическим аспектам изучения активности в отечественной психологической науке, обозначены подходы к активности субъекта жизнедеятельности. Анализируется вклад психологов Пермской психологической школы в развитие представлений об активности. Исследование активности человека осуществляется во взаимосвязи с проблематикой интегральной индивидуальности и индивидуального стиля. Представителями Пермской психологической школы проведены теоретико-эмпирические исследования разных видов и стилей активности человека в условиях повседневной деятельности и в экстремальных условиях жизни: учебной, волевой, коммуника тивной, религиозной, информационно-манипулятивной, смыслообразующей, профессиональной. Научным продуктом сложившегося направления исследований в психологии активности Б. А. Вяткин называет представление о существовании в социальном мире Homo activus – человека активного. Обозначена актуальность изучения активности субъекта жизнедеятельности в условиях пандемии коронавируса (COVID-19), т. е. ситуации витальной угрозы. Данный цивилизационный феномен и обусловленная им эпидемиологическая обстановка внесли глобальные коррективы во все сферы жизнедеятельности человека, что обусловило необходимость адаптации к трансформирующимся условиям среды и пролонгированной ситуации неопределенности. Психологи отмечают не только негативные аспекты в сложившейся ситуации, но и позитивные, которые связывают с необходимостью активации всей психической жизни для преодоления пандемокризиса. В Пермской психологической школе для изучения активности субъекта жизнедеятельности в условиях витальной угрозы созданы теоретические предпосылки в виде концепции интегральной индивидуальности (В. С. Мерлин), теории метаиндивидуального мира (Л. Я. Дорфман), концептуальной динамической модели активности субъекта жизнедеятельности (А. А. Волочков), интегративного подхода к изучению коммуникативной активности (С. А. Васюра), разработан соответствующий диагностический инструментарий. The article notes that the problem of activity is one of the key problems of human knowledge, attention is paid to the theoretical aspects of the study of activity in domestic psychological science, approaches to the activity of a subject of vital activity are outlined. The contribution of psychologists of the Perm psychological school to the development of ideas about activity is analyzed. The study of activity is carried out in conjunction with the problems of integral individuality and individual style. Representatives of the Perm psychological school carried out theoretical and empirical studies of various types and styles of human activity in the conditions of daily activity and in extreme conditions of life: educational, volitional, communicative, religious, information-manipulative, meaningforming, professional. The scientific product of the current direction of research in the psychology of activity B. A. Vyatkin calls the idea of the existence in the social world of Homo activus – an active person. The article outlines the relevance of studying the activity of the subject of vital activity in the conditions of the coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19), i.e., a situation accompanied by a vital threat, is indicated. This civilizational phenomenon and the resulting epidemiological situation have made global adjustments to all spheres of human life, which necessitated adaptation to the transforming environmental conditions and prolonged situation of uncertainty. Psychologists note not only negative aspects in the current situation, but also positive ones, which are associated with the need to activate all mental life to overcome the pandemocrisis. In the Perm psychological school for the study of the activity of the subject of vital activity in conditions of a vital threat, theoretical prerequisites have been created in the form of the concept of integral individuality (V.S. Merlin), the theory of the meta-individual world (L. Ya. Dorfman), a conceptual dynamic model of the activity of the subject of vital activity (A. A. Volochkov), an integrative approach to the study of communicative activity (S. A. Vasyura), a corresponding diagnostic toolkit has been developed.

scholarly journals UDAN POTIR: SIMBOLIK EKOLOGIS GORDANG SAMBILAN DAN LINGKUNGAN ALAM

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Ibnu Avena Matondang
Keyword(s):  
Human Life ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
Focus Of Attention ◽  
Human Knowledge ◽  
Human Relationships ◽  
Natural Production ◽  
Ecological Relationship ◽  
Symbolic Images ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
The Relationship

Discourse correlation of human life with nature (ecological) became the focus of attention at the present time, the phenomenon of reduced energy and role imbalance between the supply and use of natural production to accompany thegrowing issue of human relationships with nature. Culturally, people have been living with the results provided by nature, human knowledge of nature has been summarized in the cultural record with human life from simple forms tothe complexity of life today, the use of natural products in the form of the material to the term that refers to the relationship between humans and nature recorded in the cognitive culture. This study discusses about the ecologicalspace of symbolic images that depict human relationships in a Batak-Mandailing culture with nature, the natural role that determines the attitude and behavior of people in the running life. Forms of ecological relationship between humans and nature are represented in the form of Gordang Sambilan musical repertoire.

The Good and the Good Human Life

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katja Maria Vogt
Keyword(s):  
Human Life ◽  
Nicomachean Ethics ◽  
Critical Attention ◽  
Human Good

Chapter 2 defends Aristotle’s premise that the final agential good is the well-lived human life. This premise does not receive much critical attention in the literature. Scholars tend to go along with Aristotle’s mode of exposition, granting that the earliest steps of the Nicomachean Ethics are agreed-upon. Against this, the chapter argues that Aristotle is making a controversial, weighty, and compelling claim. In drawing on the NE, the argument continues, one may pause here. One may accept that the highest agential good is a good human life, without buying into the next steps of the NE, which lead toward a ranking of lives. The chapter defends the premise that the human good is a well-lived life, and develops it such as to make room for a plurality of good human lives.

Integrating EMDR Into a Novel Evolutionary-Based Therapy for Depression: A Case Study of Postpartum Depression

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 137-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valery Krupnik
Keyword(s):  
Postpartum Depression ◽  
Eye Movement ◽  
Evolutionary Theory ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Combined Therapy ◽  
Cognitive Frame ◽  
Emdr Therapy ◽  
Novel Therapeutic

Depression is one of the most common psychiatric disorders. Postpartum depression affects about 9% of women who give birth. Despite significant advances in research and in pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy, depressive disorders remain difficult to treat. The application of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) therapy to depression has lagged behind its applications to trauma-related and anxiety disorders. I present 2 cases of postpartum depression successfully treated with a combined therapy, where EMDR is integrated into a novel therapeutic framework developed specifically for depressive disorders and based on evolutionary theory of depression, treating depression downhill (TDD). In the integrated TDD-EMDR therapy, I have made adjustments to the standard EMDR protocol such that the choice and nature of targets, the cognitive frame, and the objective for change in affect are determined by TDD framework. The described cases demonstrate the treatment process, including the modifications made to the standard EMDR procedures, and the treatment’s outcome. I identify and discuss the differences between theories of EMDR and TDD.

scholarly journals Begjærets kristologi, begjærets frigjøring

2009 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan-Olav Henriksen
Keyword(s):  
Jesus Christ ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Kingdom Of God ◽  
Close Connection ◽  
Point Of Departure

The article explores how an analysis of how desire in human life may prove a fruitful approach to develop a contemporary Christology, i.e., an actual and relevant interpretation of the work and ministry of Jesus Christ. Taking its point of departure in desire as a pre-subjective and relational element in human life, it develops its importance in the life of Jesus, interpreting his ministry as shaped by a desire for the kingdom of God, understood as an open and lifegiving community. By understanding Jesus’ desire for the Kingdom as an open and opening desire, it also becomes possible to see the opposition against him and his death as a result of a closed and closingdesire, that strives for control and negates the community he desired. Moreover, by analyzing how desire is at play also in different encounters between Jesus and others, the article displays ways of reading his life and work from the angle of desire in a way that allows for developing a close connection between his ministry and his death. This proves an important supplementary approach to a Christology that focuses more exclusively only on theological notions like sin and redemption.

scholarly journals Pendidikan Islam Ramah Budaya: Pendekatan Filosofis

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (02) ◽  
pp. 15-27
Author(s):  
Muhamad Turmuzi ◽  
Fatia Inas
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Islamic Education ◽  
Human Knowledge ◽  
Philosophical Approach ◽  
Transaction Process ◽  
Modern Era ◽  
Islamic Values

Lately, the emergence of various problems in human life, especially in education. One of the issues or issues that are quite viral in this modern era is the fragility or in other words the shifting of Islamic values about tolerance towards all tribes and cultures. Therefore, the presence of this study aims to examine how the concept of Islamic education in overcoming various human problems or in the term "humanizing humanity" in the sense of Islamic education as a potential transaction process in culture related to specific Islamic values in dealing with ethnic, cultural differences, and various problems of human life, especially in education. By using a philosophical approach which is one branch of philosophy that discusses the nature of human knowledge. His philosophy is similar to Islamic education taught by the Prophet long before his preaching that did not look at ethnicity, religion, culture, and nation.

scholarly journals Nadzór miejski. Próba ujęcia problematyki na podstawie filmu „Raport mniejszości”

2016 ◽  
pp. 446-501
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Wójcik
Keyword(s):  
Social Control ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Giorgio Agamben ◽  
The Third ◽  
Cultural Image ◽  
Cognitive Frame ◽  
Contemporary Reality ◽  
Minority Report

In this article, I try to present the problems of modern surveillance, using three perspectives: theoretical, practical and pop-cultural. The first chapter provides a theoretical basis. Through adapting theories of selected philosophers, including Michel Foucault and Giorgio Agamben, I’m trying to create a cognitive frame, constituting the key to understanding the contemporary supervision discourse. In the next part of the work I make a synthetic presentation of the current forms of social control, emphasizing their tendency to encroach on every area of human life. In the third, crucial chapter, I carry out an analysis of the film Minority Report, using the interpretation tools developed in the first chapter. Specifying certain elements of the Steven Spielberg’s film, I interpret the image in the spirit of social supervision discourse. At the same time I try to highlight the number of threads and the interpretative ambiguity of the film − a thoroughly pop-cultural image, which constitutes a very interesting diagnosis of contemporary reality.

Antropocæn økopoesi og komplekse skalaforhold

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 220-234
Author(s):  
Jens Kramshøj Flinker
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Tipping Point ◽  
Space And Time ◽  
Embodied Experiences ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Point Of Departure

Abstract The term Anthropocene is often tied to an anxious awareness of the incalculable complexity of anthropogenic environmental changes. As a concept transferred from geology, the term Anthropocene, for humanities scholars such as Timothy Morton (Morton 2013) and Timothy Clark (Clark 2015), installs a crisis in thinking that is bound to scales of mundane and embodied experiences. Instead, they demand thinking about the impact of human life on the whole planet in much broader scales of space and time than is customary. This article examines how contemporary Nordic ecopoetry responds to these environmental changes and challenges in the epoch of the Anthropocene. The point of departure for this work is Silja E. K. Henderson’s 1,7 tipping point (Henderson, Silja E. K. 2018. 1,7 tipping point. København) and Jonas Gren’s Antropocen: dikt för en ny epok (Gren, Jonas 2016: Antropocen: dikt för en ny epok. Stockholm). The article argues that Henderson’s and Gren’s ecopoetry zooms in on micro-levels and out on larger global macro-levels to represent the scale-dynamics of the Anthropocene. Overall, the article argues that this kind of ecopoetry can affect and transform the reader’s ecological imagination.

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