Dietary organic trace minerals level influences eggshell quality and minerals retention in hens

Abstract The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of reduced levels of Cu, Zn, Mn in combination from organic mineral source on eggshell quality and mineral retention in hens. After feeding the basal diet (8.82 mg/kg Cu, 24.94 mg/kg Zn, and 16.38 mg/kg Mn) without Cu, Zn, and Mn addition for 4 weeks, hens (39-week-old) were assigned to 5 treatments according to the equal body weight and egg production for 12-week experimental trial. The 5 treatments included the basal diet without Cu, Zn, and Mn (NCON), and NCON added with 16-80-60 mg/kg Cu-Zn-Mn from sulfates (ITM100%), or 4-20-15, 8-40-30 or 16-80-60 mg/kg Cu-Zn-Mn from 2-hydroxy-4-(methylthio)butanoic acid (HMTBA) mineral chelates (OTM25%, OTM50% or OTM100%). Supplementation of Cu, Zn, and Mn had no significant influences on the performance of hens. After 12 weeks feeding, eggshell breaking strength (EBS) decreased in the following order: OTM25% and ITM100% > OTM50% > NCON and OTM100%. The eggshell weight and thickness in OTM25% were greater than that in NCON, while not differing from that in ITM100%. The EBS and eggshell weight linearly decreased with increasing level of OTM. After 12 weeks feeding, supplementation of Cu, Zn, and Mn increased the concentrations of liver Zn, tibia Zn and Mn, and Zn and Mn retention in eggs as compared with NCON. No significant difference was observed in the concentrations of Cu, Zn, and Mn in liver and plasma, and Zn and Mn in eggs between any OTM treatment and ITM100% groups. Addition of OTM at increasing level had quadratic effect on tibia Cu, Zn, Mn concentrations, with the greater retention of Cu, Zn, and Mn in OTM50%. In conclusion, the OTM25% from HMT BA mineral chelates can substitute for ITM100% evaluated by the eggshell quality in the diet of laying hens.

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EXCRETION LEVEL OF TRACE MINERALS IN BROILERS FED ORGANIC MINERAL

Ciência Animal Brasileira ◽

10.1590/1809-6891v19e-33086 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 19 (0) ◽

Author(s):

Leticia Carvalho ◽

Veridiana Limão ◽

Naiara Simarro Fagundes ◽

Evandro Fernandes

Keyword(s):

Basal Diet ◽

Trace Minerals ◽

Performance Variables ◽

Organic Mineral ◽

Organic Trace Minerals ◽

Organic Minerals ◽

Iron Manganese ◽

Organic Trace ◽

Excretion Level ◽

Trace Organic

Abstract The aim of this current study was to determine the excretion level of the trace organic minerals copper, iron, manganese, and zinc added to broiler diets at different inclusion levels. The treatments consisted of a corn and soybean meal based diet supplemented with inorganic minerals or levels of organic minerals: basal diet containing 0% of microminerals of organic source (MO), 50% MO, 75% MO, and 100% MO. Excretion levels of organic trace minerals varied quadratically in relation to the inclusion levels of organic minerals. The inclusion levels of 50% and 75% of organic minerals led to animals with lower excretion levels of all trace elements evaluated. The performance variables did not suffer any influence of treatments, even when the amount of organic minerals was equivalent to 50% of the recommended levels. The diet with the addition of trace organic minerals at the level of 50% is more efficient since it provides lower levels of trace minerals excretion keeping poultry performance.

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Productive performance, eggshell quality, and eggshell ultrastructure of laying hens fed diets supplemented with organic trace minerals

Poultry Science ◽

10.3382/ps.2013-03190 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 93 (1) ◽

pp. 104-113 ◽

Cited By ~ 41

Author(s):

C. Stefanello ◽

T.C. Santos ◽

A.E. Murakami ◽

E.N. Martins ◽

T.C. Carneiro

Keyword(s):

Laying Hens ◽

Trace Minerals ◽

Productive Performance ◽

Eggshell Quality ◽

Organic Trace Minerals ◽

Organic Trace

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Trace mineral nutrition for broiler chickens and prospects of application of organically complexed trace minerals: a review

Animal Production Science ◽

10.1071/ea08204 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 49 (4) ◽

pp. 269 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

Y. M. Bao ◽

M. Choct

Keyword(s):

Mineral Nutrition ◽

Broiler Chickens ◽

Broiler Chicken ◽

Tissue Concentration ◽

Basal Diet ◽

Trace Minerals ◽

Current Status ◽

Trace Mineral ◽

Organic Trace Minerals ◽

Organic Trace

This review critically examines the literature on the current status of trace mineral nutrition and the effect of organically complexed trace minerals, focusing on copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn) and zinc (Zn), on broiler chicken production. The requirements of Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn by broiler chickens need to be redefined due to today’s fast growing birds and the availability of organic trace minerals. Zn is one of the key trace minerals for chickens and although it maintains a relatively stable tissue concentration, dietary deficiency of Zn strongly depresses the feed intake, and hence the growth, of broiler chickens. Based on studies using a semiconventional diet, it is reasonable to conclude that the total Zn requirement for broiler chickens is around 60 mg/kg up until day 14 and 70 mg/kg from 14 day onwards, including the Zn content in the basal diet. However, it is difficult to determine the requirements of other organic trace minerals such as Cu, Fe and Mn because under a Zn adequate condition, it is impossible to produce deficient symptoms of these minerals on the basis of growth response. It also identifies gaps in knowledge of inorganic and organic trace mineral nutrition for the modern broiler chicken.

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The effect of zinc and manganese source in the diet for laying hens on eggshell and bones quality

Veterinární Medicína ◽

10.17221/1966-vetmed ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 53 (No. 10) ◽

pp. 555-563 ◽

Cited By ~ 57

Author(s):

S. Swiatkiewicz ◽

J. Koreleski

Keyword(s):

Amino Acid ◽

Egg Production ◽

Breaking Strength ◽

Late Phase ◽

Basal Diet ◽

Wire Mesh ◽

Geometrical Parameters ◽

Amino Acid Complexes ◽

Laying Performance ◽

Negative Effect

The study was conducted to evaluate the effect of zinc and manganese source (inorganic vs. organic) in the diet for hens on laying performance, eggshell quality and chosen parameters of bones. Experiment was carried out on 84 Hy Line Brown hens, from 25 to 70 weeks of age, allocated to seven experimental groups, each containing 12 hens individually caged on wire-mesh floor. All layers were fed the same basal diet contained in 1 kg 52 mg Zn and 30 mg Mn. In experimental treatments basal diet was supplemented with 30 mg Zn/kg and 50 mg Mn/kg and inorganic forms of Zn (ZnO) and Mn (MnO) were gradually replaced (in 0, 50 or 100%) with their organic sources (amino acid complexes). Egg production, egg weight, feed intake and feed efficiency were not affected by dietary treatments. Substitution of Zn and Mn oxides with amino acid complexes of microelements had also no effect on physical and geometrical parameters of tibia, ash content in tibia and in toes, eggshell percent, eggshell thickness and eggshell density, but improved (<I>P</I> < 0.05) eggshell breaking strength in late phase of laying cycle (at 62 and 70 weeks of age). Obtained results indicate that use of organic complexes of Zn and Mn could alleviate the negative effect of hen age on eggshell breaking strength.

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Organic trace minerals improve eggshell quality by improving the eggshell ultrastructure of laying hens during the late laying period

Poultry Science ◽

10.1016/j.psj.2019.11.006 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 99 (3) ◽

pp. 1483-1490

Author(s):

J.L. Qiu ◽

Q. Zhou ◽

J.M. Zhu ◽

X.T. Lu ◽

B. Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Laying Hens ◽

Trace Minerals ◽

Eggshell Quality ◽

Organic Trace Minerals ◽

Organic Trace

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Relationship between Bone Quality, Egg Production and Eggshell Quality in Laying Hens at the End of an Extended Production Cycle (105 Weeks)

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani11030623 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 623

Author(s):

Clara Alfonso-Carrillo ◽

Cristina Benavides-Reyes ◽

Jon de los Mozos ◽

Nazaret Dominguez-Gasca ◽

Estefanía Sanchez-Rodríguez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bone Quality ◽

Egg Production ◽

Breaking Strength ◽

Bone Fractures ◽

Quality Parameters ◽

Production Cycle ◽

Medullary Bone ◽

Eggshell Quality ◽

Ash Weight ◽

Skeletal Integrity

(1) Background: Nowadays the industry aims to improve lay persistency for extended cycles (100 weeks or longer) to make egg production more sustainable. However, intensive egg production challenges hen health, inducing severe osteoporosis and the incidence of bone fractures. In this study, the relationship between bone quality and egg production, and/or eggshell quality, was evaluated at the end of an extended laying cycle of 100 weeks, comparing groups of hens with different production and eggshell quality parameters; (2) Methods: Quality parameters of egg (as weight, egg white height), eggshell (as thickness, weight, breaking strength, elasticity and microstructure) and tibiae bone (weight, diameter, cortical thickness, ash weight, breaking strength, medullary bone) were determined; (3) Results: Hens from groups with a high egg production and good eggshell quality have poorer bone quality (lower ash weight and lesser amount of medullary bone). However, Pearson’s correlation analysis shows no clear relationship between bone and egg/eggshell parameters. (4) Conclusions: Bone and egg production/eggshell quality are independent and can be improved separately. Medullary bone has an important contribution to bone mechanical properties, being important to accumulate enough bone medullary bone early in life to maintain skeletal integrity and eggshell quality in old hens.

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The Effect of High-Level Dietary Supplementation with Different Zinc Sources on Performance, Eggshell Quality and Bone Characteristics in Layer Quails

“Agriculture for Life Life for Agriculture” Conference Proceedings ◽

10.2478/alife-2018-0026 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 176-182

Author(s):

Ahmet Engin Tüzün ◽

Osman Olgun ◽

Alp Önder Yildiz

Keyword(s):

Egg Production ◽

Mineral Content ◽

Zinc Concentration ◽

Breaking Strength ◽

Zinc Content ◽

Dietary Supplementation ◽

Zinc Level ◽

Quality Parameters ◽

Eggshell Quality ◽

High Level

Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation with high levels of inorganic, organic or nano sources of two high-level zinc diets (200 and 300 mg/kg) on performance, eggshell quality and mineral content of bone in layer quails. The experiment had a 2×3 factorial arrangement of treatments. Egg production and the zinc content of tibia were significantly increased in the present experiment. Compared with zinc oxide supplementation, zinc-glycine supplementation increased zinc concentration in the tibia. The interactions between the sources and levels of zinc were a significant effect on egg production, eggshell breaking strength, eggshell weight and tibia zinc level. The highest eggshell breaking strength and eggshell weight were observed in the group was fed with diet including zinc-glycine at 300 mg/kg. These results suggested that zinc-glycine supplementation positively effects eggshell quality parameters and tibia zinc concentration when compared with other sources used in this experiment. Additionally, the supplementation layer quail diets with zinc-glycine rather than nanoparticulate sources of zinc could be recommended for optimum performance.

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Low-dose of organic trace minerals reduced fecal mineral excretion without compromising performance of laying hens

Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences ◽

10.5713/ajas.19.0270 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 33 (4) ◽

pp. 588-596 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Jialing Qiu ◽

Xintao Lu ◽

Lianxiang Ma ◽

Chuanchuan Hou ◽

Junna He ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Low Dose ◽

Laying Hens ◽

Egg Quality ◽

Basal Diet ◽

Trace Minerals ◽

Productive Performance ◽

Mineral Excretion ◽

Organic Trace Minerals ◽

Fecal Mineral Excretion ◽

Organic Trace

Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of low doses of organic trace minerals (iron, copper, manganese, and zinc) on productive performance, egg quality, yolk and tissue mineral retention, and fecal mineral excretion of laying hens during the late laying period.Methods: A total of 405 healthy hens (HY-Line White, 50-week-old) were randomly divided into 3 treatments, with 9 replicates per treatment and 15 birds per replicate. The dietary treatments included feeding a basal diet + inorganic trace minerals at commercial levels (CON), a basal diet + inorganic trace minerals at 1/3 commercial levels (ITM), and a basal diet + proteinated trace minerals at 1/3 commercial levels (TRT). The trial lasted for 56 days.Results: Compared to CON, ITM decreased (p<0.05) egg production, daily egg mass, albumen height, eggshell strength, yolk Fe concentration, serum alkaline phosphatase activity and total protein, and increased (p<0.05) egg loss and feed to egg ratio. Whereas with productive performance, egg quality, yolk mineral retention, and serum indices there were no differences (p>0.05) between CON and TRT. The concentrations of Fe and Mn in the tissue and tibia were changed notably in ITM relative to CON and TRT. Both ITM and TRT reduced (p<0.05) fecal mineral excretion compared to CON.Conclusion: These results indicate that dietary supplementation of low-dose organic trace minerals reduced fecal mineral excretion without negatively impacting hen performance and egg quality.

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Effect of Supplementation of Multi Enzymes on Production Performance and Egg Quality Traits in White Leghorn Layers

THE INDIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY SCIENCES AND BIOTECHNOLOGY ◽

10.21887/ijvsbt.v12i2.3730 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

Author(s):

C. Pandian ◽

A. Sundaresan ◽

A. V. Omprakash

Keyword(s):

Egg Production ◽

Egg Quality ◽

Live Weight ◽

Economic Benefits ◽

Production Performance ◽

Feed Consumption ◽

Quality Traits ◽

White Leghorn ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Enzyme Supplementation

The present study was conducted to assess the effect of supplementation of Multi-enzymes with lysophospholipids on production performance of pure line White Leghorn layers. Body weights before and after the experiment did not differ significantly across the experimental diets. Irrespective of the dietary treatments, the birds gained 3.83 per cent of live weight relative to its initial body weight. Mean per cent Hen housed egg production was significantly (Pis less than 0.05) higher in diet supplemented with 0.10 MEC-L than other groups. Mean egg weight and average daily feed consumption during 25 to 35 weeks of age indicated no significant effect of enzyme supplementation. Average daily feed consumption per bird in control, 0.05 % and 0.1% multi-enzyme supplemented groups was 108.13, 105.66 and 107.67 g respectively and birds offered control diet recorded numerically more feed intake than enzyme supplemented groups. Comparatively low feed per egg was observed in 0.10 per cent group followed by 0.05 per cent group which offers economic benefits than control diets. However, the egg quality traits between different dietary enzyme supplementation groups showed no significant difference.

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Overexpression of Activated AMPK in the Anopheles stephensi Midgut Impacts Mosquito Metabolism, Reproduction and Plasmodium Resistance

Genes ◽

10.3390/genes12010119 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 119

Author(s):

Chioma Oringanje ◽

Lillian R. Delacruz ◽

Yunan Han ◽

Shirley Luckhart ◽

Michael A. Riehle

Keyword(s):

Egg Production ◽

Anopheles Stephensi ◽

Mitochondrial Dynamics ◽

Adult Life ◽

Blood Feeding ◽

Pathogen Resistance ◽

Α Subunit ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Transgenic Lines ◽

Ampk Activity

Mitochondrial integrity and homeostasis in the midgut are key factors controlling mosquito fitness and anti-pathogen resistance. Targeting genes that regulate mitochondrial dynamics represents a potential strategy for limiting mosquito-borne diseases. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a key cellular energy sensor found in nearly all eukaryotic cells. When activated, AMPK inhibits anabolic pathways that consume ATP and activates catabolic processes that synthesize ATP. In this study, we overexpressed a truncated and constitutively active α-subunit of AMPK under the control of the midgut-specific carboxypeptidase promotor in the midgut of female Anopheles stephensi. As expected, AMPK overexpression in homozygous transgenic mosquitoes was associated with changes in nutrient storage and metabolism, decreasing glycogen levels at 24 h post-blood feeding when transgene expression was maximal, and concurrently increasing circulating trehalose at the same time point. When transgenic lines were challenged with Plasmodium falciparum, we observed a significant decrease in the prevalence and intensity of infection relative to wild type controls. Surprisingly, we did not observe a significant difference in the survival of adult mosquitoes fed either sugar only or both sugar and bloodmeals throughout adult life. This may be due to the limited period that the transgene was activated before homeostasis was restored. However, we did observe a significant decrease in egg production, suggesting that manipulation of AMPK activity in the mosquito midgut resulted in the re-allocation of resources away from egg production. In summary, this work identifies midgut AMPK activity as an important regulator of metabolism, reproduction, and innate immunity in An. stephensi, a highly invasive and important malaria vector species.

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