scholarly journals Transportable optical atomic clocks for use in out-of-the-lab environments

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 313-325
Author(s):  
Markus Gellesch ◽  
Jonathan Jones ◽  
Richard Barron ◽  
Alok Singh ◽  
Qiushuo Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Technology Development ◽  
Frequency Instability ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Optical Clock ◽  
Atomic Clocks ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Volume Weight ◽  
Strong Focus ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Field Deployment

AbstractRecently, several reports with a strong focus on compact, nonstationary optical atomic clocks have been published, including accounts of in-field deployment of these devices for demonstrations of chronometric levelling in different types of environments. We review recent progress in this research area, comprising compact and transportable neutral atom and single-ion optical atomic clocks. The identified transportable optical clocks strive for low volume, weight and power consumption while exceeding standard microwave atomic clocks in fractional frequency instability and systematic uncertainty. Some transportable clock projects additionally address requirements for metrology or serve the joint technology development between industrial and academic stakeholders. Based on the reviewed reports on nonstationary optical atomic clocks, we suggest definitions for transportable, portable and mobile optical atomic clocks. We conclude our article with an overview of possible future directions for developments of optical clock technology.

scholarly journals Implementation of Distributed Operation and Maintenance of Cross-Border e-Commerce Platform Based on Cloud Native Architecture

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
YanJiao Dong ◽  
Yang Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Cloud Computing ◽  
Data Management ◽  
Technology Development ◽  
Computing Technology ◽  
Traditional Architecture ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Management Technology ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Storage Problem ◽  
Information Technology Development

The traditional architecture of e-commerce data management needs to adapt to the new and more complex environment, which needs to provide massive data management, compatibility of different types of data, and better user experience. Cloud computing technology is a synthesis of parallel, distributed, and grid computing and is one of the future directions of information technology development. In this paper, we use cloud computing data management technology to study the data management of e-commerce. It is hoped that the current e-commerce data management can be improved with the help of cloud computing technology. This paper starts from analyzing the current e-commerce representatives Taobao.com and Jingdong Mall to find out the data characteristics of these two enterprises, analyze the existing data problems, and find the aspects that can be improved. Using this open-source cloud computing implementation solution, we solve the storage problem of large files and unstructured small files in the e-commerce system.

scholarly journals A Review of Photoelectrocatalytic Reactors for Water and Wastewater Treatment

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 1198
Author(s):  
Stuart McMichael ◽  
Pilar Fernández-Ibáñez ◽  
John Anthony Byrne
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Heterogeneous Photocatalysis ◽  
Semiconducting Materials ◽  
Electron Hole ◽  
Water And Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Aqueous Environments ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Water And Wastewater ◽  
Electrical Bias

The photoexcitation of suitable semiconducting materials in aqueous environments can lead to the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS can inactivate microorganisms and degrade a range of chemical compounds. In the case of heterogeneous photocatalysis, semiconducting materials may suffer from fast recombination of electron–hole pairs and require post-treatment to separate the photocatalyst when a suspension system is used. To reduce recombination and improve the rate of degradation, an externally applied electrical bias can be used where the semiconducting material is immobilised onto an electrically conducive support and connected to a counter electrode. These electrochemically assisted photocatalytic systems have been termed “photoelectrocatalytic” (PEC). This review will explain the fundamental mechanism of PECs, photoelectrodes, the different types of PEC reactors reported in the literature, the (photo)electrodes used, the contaminants degraded, the key findings and prospects in the research area.

NBIC-Convergence and Technoethics

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Grebenshchikova
Keyword(s):  
Technology Development ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
Applied Ethics ◽  
High Technology ◽  
Ethical Reflection ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Biomedical Field ◽  
Ict Ethics

Technoethics is a new, but rapidly developing field of ethical reflection of technoscience. It can claim to unite the various ethical projections of the science and technology development in a common approach. One of the starting points of understanding this role of technoethics may be NBIC-convergence. The ethical dimensions of the NBIC-projects is represented in these sub-areas of applied ethics as a nanoethics, bioethics, neuroethics and ICT ethics. In this article particular attention is paid to the biomedical field, which is a prime example of innovative high technology, as well as the interaction of different types of ethics.

scholarly journals Overview of organic memory devices

2009 ◽  
Vol 367 (1905) ◽  
pp. 4141-4157 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Prime ◽  
S. Paul
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Storage Capacity ◽  
Memory Devices ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Organic Memory ◽  
Industrial Implementation ◽  
Organic Memory Devices ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Charging Mechanism ◽  
Memory Structures

The demand for more efficient and faster memory structures is greater today than ever before. The efficiency of memory structures is measured in terms of storage capacity and the speed of functioning. However, the production cost of such configurations is the natural constraint on how much can be achieved. Organic memory devices (OMDs) provide an ideal solution, in being inexpensive, and at the same time promising high performance. However, all OMDs reported so far suffer from multiple drawbacks that render their industrial implementation premature. This article introduces the different types of OMDs, discusses the progress in this field over the last 9 years and invokes conundrums that scholars of this field are currently faced with, such as questions about the charging mechanism and stability of devices, contradictions in the published work and some future directions.

scholarly journals Opinion mining using combinational approach for different domains

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 3307
Author(s):  
Jyoti Sandesh Deshmukh ◽  
Amiya Kumar Tripathy ◽  
Dilendra Hiran
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Entropy ◽  
Cross Validation ◽  
Opinion Mining ◽  
Domain Adaptation ◽  
Online Reviews ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Source Domain ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Fold Cross Validation ◽  
Target Data

An increase in use of web produces large content of information about products. Online reviews are used to make decision by peoples. Opinion mining is vast research area in which different types of reviews are analyzed. Several issues are existing in this area. Domain adaptation is emerging issue in opinion mining. Labling of data for every domain is time consuming and costly task. Hence the need arises for model that train one domain and applied it on other domain reducing cost aswell as time. This is called domain adaptation which is addressed in this paper. Using maximum entropy and clustering technique source domains data is trained. Trained data from source domain is applied on target data to labeling purpose A result shows moderate accuracy for 5 fold cross validation and combination of source domains for Blitzer et al (2007) multi domain product dataset.

The role of the child psychiatric ward in health care: experiences with different types of admissions over a period of twenty-one years

1992 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-23
Author(s):  
Colin Gray ◽  
Douglas Chisholm ◽  
Patricia Smith ◽  
Madeline Brown ◽  
Christina McKay
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Length Of Stay ◽  
Psychiatric Ward ◽  
Psychiatric Unit ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Health Care Experiences ◽  
Child Psychiatric ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Assessment And Treatment

AbstractThe concept of the child psychiatric unit is considered. The character, capacities and activities of one unit are described and some features of the admissions over its first 21 years are discussed in relation to the findings of other studies. Among the factors considered are the patients' presenting diagnoses, their sex, their physical health and their length of stay in the Unit. Some possible future directions for the Unit are discussed, and the pattern of work over the two decades covered by the study is related to current and future requirements. It is suggested that for several categories of disorder, a child psychiatric unit offers unique advantages in both assessment and treatment.

Analysis of Heat Exchanger Concepts for Use As Gas Turbine Intercoolers

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arash Saidi ◽  
Daniel Eriksson ◽  
Bengt Sundén
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Pressure Drop ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Heat Exchangers ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Volume Weight ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Core Volume

Abstract This paper presents a discussion and comparison of some heat exchanger types readily applicable to use as intercoolers in gas turbine systems. The present study concerns a heat duty of the intercooler for a gas turbine of around 17 MW power output. Four different types of air-water heat exchangers are considered. This selection is motivated because of the practical aspects of the problem. Each configuration is discussed and explained, regarding advantages and disadvantages. The available literature on the pressure drop and heat transfer correlations is used to determine the thermal-hydraulic performance of the various heat exchangers. Then a comparison of the intercooler core volume, weight, pressure drop is presented.

scholarly journals A new decade of uses for geographic information systems (GIS) as a tool to research, measure and analyze library services

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren Heather Mandel ◽  
Bradley Wade Bishop ◽  
Ashley Marie Orehek
Keyword(s):  
Information Systems ◽  
Geographic Information Systems ◽  
Information Science ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Geographic Information ◽  
Library And Information Science ◽  
Library Services ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Library Research

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore library research that uses geographic information systems (GIS) as a tool to evaluate library services and resources to ascertain current trends and establish future directions for this growing research area.Design/methodology/approachThe study searched full text for geographic information systems in two databases: Library and Information Science Source (LISS) and Library, Information Science and Technology Abstracts (LISTA), replicating the method used in a prior literature review. The titles and abstracts of the search results were analyzed to gather only the research that used GIS as a tool to measure and analyze library services.FindingsThis study found growth in the last decade for library research using GIS. There remain two ways the tool is primarily used: to analyze service areas and to manage facilities and collections.Practical implicationsThe findings are relevant for library and information science researchers and practitioners because they summarize a specific area of research that has grown and changed and that still has potential to be used more widely. Using GIS in practice and research could benefit all library users and nonusers because spatial analysis facilitates more precise and informed delivery of services and resources.Originality/valueThe paper provides future directions for use of GIS in library research and attempts to define subdivisions within this research area to clarify the area for researchers and practitioners.

scholarly journals Assessing Landscape Ecological Risk Induced by Land-Use/Cover Change in a County in China: A GIS- and Landscape-Metric-Based Approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (21) ◽  
pp. 9037 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianxiao Liu ◽  
Meilian Wang ◽  
Linchuan Yang
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Ecological Risk ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Ecological Vulnerability ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Landscape Ecological ◽  
Global And Local ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Regional Land ◽  
Resolution Data

Landscape ecological risk assessment (LERA) evaluates different types of potential environmental impacts and their cumulative effects, thereby providing policy insights for sustainable regional land-use and ecosystem management. In a departure from existing literature that heavily relies on low-resolution land-use data for LERA at provincial or municipal scales, this study applies high-resolution land-use data to a relatively small research area (county). In addition, this study modifies the evaluation units of LERA from equal-sized grids to watersheds and refines the ecological vulnerability weight on the basis of finer-resolution data. The main findings are summarized as follows: (1) In 2011–2013, nearly 866 ha of land use in Xiapu County changed; moreover, the construction land, which was mainly concentrated in Songgang Street and Xinan Town, increased the most (340 ha). (2) Landscape ecological risk (LER) was roughly maintained, and areas of high ecological risk were mainly concentrated along the coast. (3) The spatial distribution of LER maintained a relatively aggregated pattern, with no trend toward more aggregated or more dispersed change. This study further discusses the relationship between local LER and land-use change and how to balance global and local LER in planning practices.

Mobile Customer

2010 ◽  
pp. 84-109
Author(s):  
Gonca Telli Yamamoto
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Environment ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Technology Development ◽  
High Technology ◽  
Final Decision ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Marketing Process ◽  
The People ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Purchasing Process

Organizations and people, whenever they need to, aim to fulfill their requirements with suitable products and services. The suppliers of these requirements perform a certain marketing process until the requirement is fulfilled. In this process, first the attributes of the product or service are determined. Various studies are made during the identification of these attributes. These studies are evaluated from the customer’s perspective for conformity to taste, functionality, suitability to place and culture, convenience for budget and time. The purchasing process is concluded upon the final decision of the people or organizations that see the suitability of the product to fulfill their requirements. In this context, the mobile customer tries to cover his or her requirements with the knowledge based on information obtained from the virtual environment, and reaches facts via virtual data, and the customer creates a new structure with different features. This section aims to detail the changing customer structure, the individualization and the experienced changes and considers the transformation of individuals into mobile customers. Generations who depended on products of high-technology development, which show themselves with different aspects, have also brought differences to marketing. They have both changed the production and service approach, and began to benefit from different types of products and services. In addition to other environmental conditions that affect life, human generations who change due to the effects of the means of the age should also be examined in this context.

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