Second language English listeners’ relative processing of coherence-based and frequency-based formulas: A corpus-based study

2019 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Yeldham
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Corpus Linguistics ◽  
The Other ◽  
Developmental Trend ◽  
Formulaic Language ◽  
Academic Context ◽  
Second Language Speakers ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Main Factor

AbstractThis study investigated L2 English listeners’ processing of formulas, in terms of the impact of two different factors inherent in these formulas. One was the formulas’ level of coherence and the other was the formulas’ level of frequency. High-coherence formulas are considered to have specialized meanings, while high-frequency formulas are considered to be less specialized in meaning, commonly being composed of relatively simple words that often co-occur in speech. In previous research, in an academic context, Ellis, Simpson-Vlach and Maynard (2008. Formulaic language in native and second-language speakers: Psycholinguistics, corpus linguistics, and TESOL. TESOL Quarterly 41. 375–396. doi:10.1002/j.1545-7249.2008.tb00137.x) had found that a high level of coherence was the main factor facilitating L1 users’ receptive processing of formulas, while a high level of frequency was the main factor facilitating advanced L2 users’ receptive processing of formulas. Ellis, Simpson-Vlach and Maynard (2008. Formulaic language in native and second-language speakers: Psycholinguistics, corpus linguistics, and TESOL. TESOL Quarterly 41. 375–396. doi:10.1002/j.1545-7249.2008.tb00137.x), from a usage-based perspective, attributed these differences mainly to the greater length of time the L1 users had spent in learning formulas. Consequently, the current study investigated whether these processing differences between the two user groups in an academic context (seen as a possible developmental trend) would be apparent between proficient and less-proficient L2 listeners in a relatively less-challenging, general English environment. The study was considered important for possibly signaling the types of aural receptive formulas to foreground by L2 general English instructors and materials designers. The research examined two groups of L2 learners, one advanced and the other intermediate level, while they listened to four texts. A paused transcription technique elicited the listeners’ identification of targeted segments from the texts, many of which were classified through corpus analysis as containing more/less-coherent formulas or more/less-frequent formulas. Examination of how these formula types were processed by both proficiency groups, however, did not find major differences between the groups in their processing of the different formula types, and thus little evidence of a possible formula developmental trend.

Does the presence of formulaic language help or hinder second language listeners’ lower-level processing?

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 338-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Yeldham
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Corpus Analysis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Difficulty Level ◽  
Formulaic Language ◽  
Text Difficulty ◽  
Proficiency Level ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
L2 Listening ◽  
The One

This study examined the influence of formulaic language on second language (L2) listeners’ lower-level processing, in terms of their ability to accurately identify the words in texts. On the one hand, there were reasons for expecting the presence of the formulas to advantage the learners, because the learners would process these formulaic words more holistically than the surrounding non-formulaic words. On the other hand, though, because formulas are commonly uttered in more reduced fashion than their surrounding non-formulaic words – and L2 learners commonly face challenges understanding reduced speech – it was possible that the formulas would negatively impact the learners’ processing. The participants listened to four texts, which were paused intermittently for them to transcribe the final stretch of words they had heard prior to each pause. The researcher had previously categorized these words as being part of formulas or non-formulas through corpus analysis. By comparing the listeners’ identification of the formulaic and the non-formulaic language, the study found that formulaic language facilitated their lower-level listening. This degree of advantage, however, varied across text difficulty level and listener proficiency level. Based on the findings, implications for L2 listening instruction are discussed.

How native and non-native English speakers adapt to humor in intercultural interaction

2007 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy D Bell
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Intercultural Communication ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Native English Speakers ◽  
The Other ◽  
English Speakers ◽  
Intercultural Interaction ◽  
Second Language Speakers ◽  
Negative Message ◽  
Native Speakers Of English

AbstractHumor can often carry an implicit negative message and thus be potentially dangerous to use. In addition, it is culturally and linguistically complex and sophisticated. Because of these things, it poses a challenge for L2 (second language) speakers and we might expect to see attempts at humor failing and causing offense in intercultural interaction. This paper reports on a study that examined humor in interaction between native and non-native speakers of English and found that humor did not seem to be a cause of conflict because of adjustments speakers made to their speech and their situated interpretations of meaning. In general, taboo topics and potentially dangerous forms of humor were avoided and humor was carefully contextualized. Native speakers reported being careful about the vocabulary they used in creating humor and both sides appeared to approach humor in intercultural communication prepared to accommodate the other and with an attitude of leniency.

Second language speakers’ awareness of their own comprehensibility

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 347-373
Author(s):  
Lauren Strachan ◽  
Sara Kennedy ◽  
Pavel Trofimovich
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
The Other ◽  
Task Repetition ◽  
Self Assessment ◽  
Five Dimensions ◽  
Second Language Speakers ◽  
Self Assessments ◽  
Mandarin Speakers ◽  
Task Content

Abstract This study investigated whether second language (L2) speakers are aware of and can manipulate aspects of their speech contributing to comprehensibility. Forty Mandarin speakers of L2 English performed two versions of the same oral task. Before the second task, half of the speakers were asked to make their speech as easy for the interlocutor to understand as possible, while the other half received no additional prompt. Speakers self-assessed comprehensibility after each task and were interviewed about how they improved their comprehensibility. Native-speaking listeners evaluated speaker performances for five dimensions, rating speech similarly across groups and tasks. Overall, participants did not become more comprehensible from task 1 to task 2, whether prompted or not, nor did speakers’ self-assessments become more in line with raters’, indicating speakers may not be aware of their own comprehensibility. However, speakers who did demonstrate greater improvement in comprehensibility received higher ratings of flow, and speakers’ self-ratings of comprehensibility were aligned with listeners’ assessments only in the second task. When discussing comprehensibility, speakers commented more on task content than linguistic dimensions. Results highlight the roles of task repetition and self-assessment in speakers’ awareness of comprehensibility.

scholarly journals Comparing the impact of automatically generated and corrected subtitles on cognitive load and learning in a first- and second-language educational context

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wing Shan Chan ◽  
Jan-Louis Kruger ◽  
Stephen Doherty
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Speech Recognition ◽  
Recognition Accuracy ◽  
Error Rates ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Speech Recognition Software ◽  
Video Lectures ◽  
Second Language Speakers ◽  
Recognition Software ◽  
The Impact

The addition of subtitles to videos has the potential to benefit students across the globe in a context where online video lectures have become a major channel for learning, particularly because, for many, language poses a barrier to learning. Automated subtitling, created with the use of speech-recognition software, may be a powerful way to make this a scalable and affordable solution. However, in the absence of thorough post-editing by human subtitlers, this mode of subtitling often results in serious errors that arise from problems with speech recognition, accuracy, segmentation and presentation speed. This study therefore aims to investigate the impact of automated subtitling on student learning in a sample of English first- and second-language speakers. Our results show that high error rates and high presentation speeds reduce the potential benefit of subtitles. These findings provide an important foundation for future studies on the use of subtitles in education.

scholarly journals HUKUM BERMAIN GAME ONLINE PLAYER UNKNOWN’S BATTLEGROUNDS (PUBG) MENURUT FATWA MPU ACEH NOMOR 3 TAHUN 2019

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-32
Author(s):  
Khairuddin; Khairuddin;
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Aggressive Behavior ◽  
Online Game ◽  
Surrounding Environment ◽  
The Law ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Collection Methods ◽  
Main Factor

This study is entitled The Law of Playing Unknown's Battle Grounds (PUBG) Game According to MPU Fatwa Aceh No. 3 of 2019 (Case Study in Gunung Meriah District, Aceh Singkil Regency). This study describes how the factors and the impact of PUBG online game play and what is the view of the MPU Aceh on the law of playing PUBG games ?. To obtain answers to these problems, the authors used three data collection methods; Observation, interview and documentation. The sample in this study was PUBG online gamers in Gunung Meriah Sub-district, Aceh Singkil District. The results of this study indicate that 25% of the community of Gunung Meriah Liking and categories are addicted to the PUBG game. The main factor of playing PUBG games. Playing hobbies online, including PUBG, can reduce boredom and stress. Games that continue to be carried out have unfavorable effects such as tend to be more lazy, addictions that are not fair, less response to the surrounding environment. In Islam, banning PUBG games is in line with the MPU Aceh fatwa no. 3 of 2019, the reason for it is forbidden to use this one game, because it contains elements of violence and brutality and the impact of changing the behavior of users becomes negative; because it has the potential to cause aggressive behavior and addiction at a high level; and contains elements of insult to Islamic symbols. because it contains elements of violence and brutality as well as negative changes in the behavior of users; because it has the potential to cause aggressive behavior and addiction at a high level; and contains elements of insult to Islamic symbols. because it contains elements of violence and brutality as well as negative changes in the behavior of users; because it has the potential to cause aggressive behavior and addiction at a high level; and contains elements of insult to Islamic symbols.

scholarly journals Extreme Environments and High-Level Bacterial Tellurite Resistance

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 601 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Maltman ◽  
Vladimir Yurkov
Keyword(s):  
Extreme Environments ◽  
Pollutant Removal ◽  
The Other ◽  
Tellurite Resistance ◽  
Elemental Tellurium ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Resistance Reduction ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Level Resistance

Bacteria have long been known to possess resistance to the highly toxic oxyanion tellurite, most commonly though reduction to elemental tellurium. However, the majority of research has focused on the impact of this compound on microbes, namely E. coli, which have a very low level of resistance. Very little has been done regarding bacteria on the other end of the spectrum, with three to four orders of magnitude greater resistance than E. coli. With more focus on ecologically-friendly methods of pollutant removal, the use of bacteria for tellurite remediation, and possibly recovery, further highlights the importance of better understanding the effect on microbes, and approaches for resistance/reduction. The goal of this review is to compile current research on bacterial tellurite resistance, with a focus on high-level resistance by bacteria inhabiting extreme environments.

scholarly journals Bilingual Education: Features & Advantages

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 735-740
Author(s):  
Najat A. Muttalib M. Jawad
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Foreign Language ◽  
Bilingual Education ◽  
First Language ◽  
The Other ◽  
Great Effort ◽  
English Learning ◽  
New Knowledge ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Brain

Bilingual Education is teaching an academic subject in two languages, i.e. a mother language (first language L1) and a second language (L2), with various amounts in an instructed program models. The early viewpoint about the brain tends to assert that learning an L2 negatively affects the L1 by dismissing it outside the brain, and it emphasizes that the idea of bilingualism creates a problem in the teaching process. The late researches on bilingualism disapprove the conclusions of the early researches come with and make it clear that persons who speak two languages (bilinguals) have cognitive merits much more than those who speak just one language (monolinguals). As for bilingual education in recent times, there are still contradictory opinions. Some believe that learning the first language (L1) will not hurt the second one (English) and that new knowledge learned in L1 will gradually transfer to the second language, English. On the other side, some maintain that developing the L1 will essentially affect the learners’ progress in English learning if they don’t get full English immersion. Moreover, bilingualism cannot obtain easily and that is all. To keep high-level bilingualism, learner of two languages (the bilingual person) needs to use both languages constantly and with great effort. Learning a foreign language leads to learning a different culture that widens understanding and develops humanity. And the ability to use the second language and the second culture is considered a means to achieve creative capabilities.

scholarly journals THE ROLE OF DUALITY MANAGERIAL OWNERSHIP AND BOARDS ON IPO VALUE (AN EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE OF INDONESIAN FIRMS)

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 162-179
Author(s):  
Maximus Leonardo Taolin ◽  
Julia Safitri
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Initial Public Offerings ◽  
The Other ◽  
Managerial Ownership ◽  
Public Offerings ◽  
Managerial Role ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact

The research aims to find the impact of ownership retention, managerial ownership, and boards on value IPO premium and underpricing. We investigate by using hand collect data 202 IPO prospectuses during 2008-2017 and using Warp PLS 5.0 to compute the data. Our finding suggests that may use to guide the investor in making informed decisions to see the level of the proportion of sharehold by old ownership and management. When the high level of ownership retention and managerial ownership, make the value IPO premium and underpricing will be high. On the other hand duality of the managerial role in firms making the value will be achieved. This paper contributes to the value of IPO premium and underpricing literature when influence by ownership share on initial public offerings  context of emerging markets.Keywords: Ownership retention; Managerial Ownership; Boards; IPO premium; underpricing

Discovering formulaic language through data-driven learning: Student attitudes and efficacy

ReCALL ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joe Geluso ◽  
Atsumi Yamaguchi
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Language Learning ◽  
Corpus Linguistics ◽  
Student Attitudes ◽  
Inductive Learning ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Formulaic Language ◽  
Teaching English ◽  
Grammar Rules

AbstractCorpus linguistics has established that language is highly patterned. The use of patterned language has been linked to processing advantages with respect to listening and reading, which has implications for perceptions of fluency. The last twenty years has seen an increase in the integration of corpus-based language learning, or data-driven learning (DDL), as a supporting feature in teaching English as a foreign / second language (EFL/ESL). Most research has investigated student attitudes towards DDL as a tool to facilitate writing. Other studies, though notably fewer, have taken a quantitative perspective of the efficacy of DDL as a tool to facilitate the inductive learning of grammar rules. The purpose of this study is three-fold: (1) to present an EFL curriculum designed around DDL with the aim of improving spoken fluency; (2) to gauge how effective students were in employing newly discovered phrases in an appropriate manner; and (3) to investigate student attitudes toward such an approach to language learning. Student attitudes were investigated via a questionnaire and then triangulated through interviews and student logs. The findings indicate that students believe DDL to be a useful and effective tool in the classroom. However, students do note some difficulties related to DDL, such as encountering unfamiliar vocabulary and cut-off concordance lines. Finally, questions are raised as to the students’ ability to embed learned phrases in a pragmatically appropriate way.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document