scholarly journals DOLUTEGRAVIR efficacy in HIV infected patients

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-51
Author(s):  
Irina Magdalena Dumitru ◽  
Roxana Carmen Cernat ◽  
S. Rugină
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Bone Loss ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Patient Adherence ◽  
Fat Distribution ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World

Abstract In the past years there have been numerous discoveries regarding treatment of patients with HIV. If at first the doctors watched as patients live longer, now we want these patients to live better with regimens potent, safe, individualized and without side effects. HAART has revolutionized “the world HIV” and caused a significant reduction in mortality, and morbidity associated with HIV-related opportunistic infections. However, side effects associated with HAART, metabolic toxicity (such as abnormal fat distribution, abnormal lipid and glucose metabolism, and bone loss) and the large number of pills led to decreased patient adherence.

scholarly journals A Silver Hope in the Dreadful Pandemic: Shift towards a Healthier Lifestyle, Hygiene and Cleanliness

2021 ◽  
pp. 162-167
Author(s):  
Rishabh Dhabalia
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
World Health ◽  
The Past ◽  
Positive Side ◽  
Small Countries ◽  
The World ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Reign Of Terror ◽  
Positive Side Effects

The COVID-19 pandemic has spread its terror globally for over a year now. There is no continent that has been spared by this scourge. And perhaps a few small countries with no reported cases. Regardless, it is an irrefutable fact that this novel coronavirus pandemic has shaken the pillars of human civilization. For those unaware or living under a rock since the past year or so, the disease is caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus. The first cases were reported to the World Health Organisation as a cluster of pneumonia from unknown causes from Wuhan, China on the 31st December, 2019. And, thus began its reign of terror, spreading across the world, like hot cakes sold out in a carnival. That being said, humanity has suffered a lot at the hands of the pandemic. Innumerous deaths, sufferings, unending lockdowns and curfews, social problems, people losing their livelihoods and the list goes on. It is, thus, easy to give in to the mood of gloom and doom with all that is going on around us. However, just as with anything, there is a side too, that is scarcely talked about. There have also been some positive impacts of this pandemic that one couldn’t have foreseen beforehand. So, without further ado, below we have covered a few positive side effects of this curse of a pandemic!

Discovery of Natural SGLT2-Inhibitors for Type 2 Diabetes – Possible Way to Reduce Side Effects

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 86
Author(s):  
D. K. Semwal ◽  
R. B. Semwal
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Sglt2 Inhibitors ◽  
Adult Onset ◽  
The Past ◽  
Glucose Reabsorption ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
The World ◽  
Glucose Excretion

The number of patients diagnosed with diabetes mellitus in all over the world has risen ominously in the past few decades, in which majority of cases belongs to type 2 diabetes. Previously, type 2 diabetes was known as adult-onset and noninsulin-dependent but now it can be seen at any stage including childhood. Various recent researches revealed that type 2 diabetes can be treated by inhibiting sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2), a protein which facilitates glucose reabsorption in the kidney. SGLT2 inhibitors can reduce the blood sugar level by blocking reabsorption of glucose in the kidney and increasing glucose excretion. In the past couple of years, many SGLT2 inhibitors have been discovered but owing to serious side effects, their use is completely banned. Hence, the discovery of natural SGLT2 inhibitors can be helpful in treating type 2 diabetes without any adverse effects.

scholarly journals Review Update on Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine: A New Hope for Reduction of Pneumococcal Disease in Bangladesh

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-22
Author(s):  
Jannatul Fardows ◽  
Abu Bakar Siddique ◽  
Nasren Farhana ◽  
Tasmine Binte Islam
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Pneumococcal Disease ◽  
Regional Level ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Pentavalent Vaccine ◽  
The World ◽  
The Common

Pneumococcal diseases are the common and widely distributed disease in the world. It causes various mortality and morbidity every year, mainly in the developing countries. Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) is the new vaccine against all invasive pneumococcal diseases. PCV10 and PCV13 are the available preparation in worldwide. It is safe, highly antigenic and minimal side effects. In Bangladesh, PCV is included in EPI schedule from April 2015. The current preparation is Synforix PCV10, which is given intramuscularly with the pentavalent vaccine in EPI schedule. In conclusion, the assessment of PCV impact in Bangladesh requires national and regional level surveillance and the introduction of PCV in EPI will reduce the mortality and morbidity of the pneumococcal disease.Bangladesh J Infect Dis 2015;2(1):19-22

scholarly journals A review of approved COVID-19 vaccines

2021 ◽  
pp. 245-252
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Mechanism Of Action ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
Vaccine Candidates ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
Existing Data

In the past one and half year elapsed since the identification of the SARS-CoV-2 virus and its genome, an extraordinary effort by the scientific community has led to the development of many vaccine projects. More than ten vaccine candidates throughout the world have been granted approval for emergency use. Existing data suggest that these vaccines have the potential to protect individuals and curb the spread of COVID-19 pandemic. However, long term side-effects and certain unresolved issues associated with vaccine use need to be assessed as the time passes. This study reviews the most recent data of 12 vaccines which have been approved for use and presents information on their doses, composition, mechanism of action, side effects, etc.

scholarly journals Anti-leishmanial and Anti-inflammatory Agents from Endophytes: A Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 311-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rufin Marie Kouipou Toghueo
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
The Other ◽  
Bioactive Metabolites ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
The Status ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Abstract Leishmaniases and chronic inflammatory diseases are the cause of millions of deaths in the world each year. The treatment of leishmaniasis is facing serious drawbacks particularly due to the limited number of effective medicines, the resistance, and the toxicity of available drugs. On the other hand, many drugs are used for the management of inflammatory disorders. However, the most commonly prescribed although efficient is highly toxic with multiples side effects. New leads compounds for the development of new anti-leishmanial and anti-inflammatory drugs are needed. Over the past decade, several studies on the potential of endophytes to produce bioactive metabolites have been reported. We are presenting in the present review the status of research from 2000 to 2019 on the anti-leishmanial and anti-inflammatory metabolites isolated from endophytes from diverse habitats. An emphasis was put on existing gaps in the literature to inspire and guide future investigations. We hope that this review will help accelerate the drug discovery against leishmaniases and inflammation-associated disorders. Graphic Abstract

scholarly journals Study to monitor the adverse effects by different HAART regimens in HIV patients with tuberculosis

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 108
Author(s):  
Radhey Shyam ◽  
Arpita Singh ◽  
Dheeraj Kumar Singh ◽  
Ajay Kumar Verma ◽  
Pratap Shankar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Neuropathy ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Side Effect ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Common Side Effect ◽  
Hiv Patients ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii

Background: In the modern era, AIDS is not less than a disaster for the human race. More than two-third of HIV-infected individuals have an associated infectious pulmonary disease. Mycobacterium tuberculosis is more virulent than most of other opportunistic pathogen causing latent infection. HIV is characterized by a profound immunodeficiency resulting from a progressive, quantitative and qualitative deficiency of the subset of CD4 T lymphocytes referred to as helper T cells leading to the patient at high risk of developing a variety of opportunistic infections. At present AIDS is incurable but some of the drugs have shown to decrease the mortality and morbidity of the disease. These are called as Highly Active Anti-Retroviral Therapy (HAART). However, these drugs are associated with a significant number of side effects. This work has been conducted in order to study the demographic profile of HIV patients with TB and monitor the adverse effects of different HAART regimens among them.Methods: A total of 3078 patients screened for the study. Those who were diagnosed with HIV were enrolled. Pretreatment parameters like, CD4, CD8 + lymphocyte count and their ratio, haemogram etc. were recorded. Patients were divided into four groups and were started with different HAART regimens. They were monitored regularly for the appearance of any adverse effects.Results: The prevalence of HIV sero-positivity was found to be 3.60%. Out of them, 71.18% were males and 28.82% were females. The highest prevalence (43.29%) was in the age group of 21-50 years. The sero-positive rate was found more in married males as compared to married females and unmarried cases. Side effects were present in all the groups. The most common side effect was GI intolerance and was most frequent in Group I. Anemia and neutropenia occurred in the Zidovudine containing groups (group I, III and IV). Peripheral neuropathy occurred most commonly in cases of Group II. Rashes occurred in nevirapine containing groups. Liver function derangement was noticed more in group I and II. 71.4% of patients on HAART regimen showed improvement in symptoms while 28.57% did not show any improvement.Conclusions: The prevalence of HIV sero-positivity in our study was 3.60%. The rate of sero-positivity was more in males as compared to females while it was highest in the individuals of 21-50 years of age. The most common side effect was GI intolerance and was most frequent in Group I. Anemia and neutropenia occurred most frequently in Zidovudine containing groups. Peripheral neuropathy occurred most commonly in cases of Group II (Stavudine + Lamivudine + Nevirapine). Deranged lipid profile was found to occur due to indinavir in patients of Group IV. After starting on HAART regimens, 74.4% showed significant improvement in symptoms.

A basic introduction to image processing using NIH-Image as a model

1994 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 392-393
Author(s):  
John Mansfield
Keyword(s):  
Image Processing ◽  
Digital Image ◽  
Image Acquisition ◽  
Digital Instrument ◽  
Novice User ◽  
Nih Image ◽  
The Past ◽  
Digital World ◽  
The World ◽  
Instrument Control

Advances in camera technology and digital instrument control have meant that in modern microscopy, the image that was, in the past, typically recorded on a piece of film is now recorded directly into a computer. The transfer of the analog image seen in the microscope to the digitized picture in the computer does not mean, however, that the problems associated with recording images, analyzing them, and preparing them for publication, have all miraculously been solved. The steps involved in the recording an image to film remain largely intact in the digital world. The image is recorded, prepared for measurement in some way, analyzed, and then prepared for presentation.Digital image acquisition schemes are largely the realm of the microscope manufacturers, however, there are also a multitude of “homemade” acquisition systems in microscope laboratories around the world. It is not the mission of this tutorial to deal with the various acquisition systems, but rather to introduce the novice user to rudimentary image processing and measurement.

On the Symbolism of Rain in A Farewell to Arms

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Research Tool ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
Farewell To Arms

This paper critically analyzes the symbolic use of rain in A Farewell to Arms (1929). The researcher has applied the Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis as a research tool for the analysis of the text. This hypothesis argues that the languages spoken by a person determine how one observes this world and that the peculiarities encoded in each language are all different from one another. It affirms that speakers of different languages reflect the world in pretty different ways. Hemingway’s symbolic use of rain in A Farewell to Arms (1929) is denotative, connotative, and ironical. The narrator and protagonist, Frederick Henry symbolically embodies his own perceptions about the world around him. He time and again talks about rain when something embarrassing is about to ensue like disease, injury, arrest, retreat, defeat, escape, and even death. Secondly, Hemingway has connotatively used rain as a cleansing agent for washing the past memories out of his mind. Finally, the author has ironically used rain as a symbol when Henry insists on his love with Catherine Barkley while the latter being afraid of the rain finds herself dead in it.

Profilometry. Using Corneo-scleral topography for scleral lens fitting

The Eye ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (128) ◽  
pp. 19-22
Author(s):  
Gregory DeNaeyer
Keyword(s):  
Ocular Surface ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Contact Lenses ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Way

The world-wide use of scleral contact lenses has dramatically increased over the past 10 year and has changed the way that we manage patients with corneal irregularity. Successfully fitting them can be challenging especially for eyes that have significant asymmetries of the cornea or sclera. The future of scleral lens fitting is utilizing corneo-scleral topography to accurately measure the anterior ocular surface and then using software to design lenses that identically match the scleral surface and evenly vault the cornea. This process allows the practitioner to efficiently fit a customized scleral lens that successfully provides the patient with comfortable wear and improved vision.

Aftershocks

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seva Gunitsky
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Regime Change ◽  
International System ◽  
Political Legitimacy ◽  
Great Powers ◽  
Past Century ◽  
The Past ◽  
Sudden Rise ◽  
The World ◽  
National Borders

Over the past century, democracy spread around the world in turbulent bursts of change, sweeping across national borders in dramatic cascades of revolution and reform. This book offers a new global-oriented explanation for this wavelike spread and retreat—not only of democracy but also of its twentieth-century rivals, fascism, and communism. The book argues that waves of regime change are driven by the aftermath of cataclysmic disruptions to the international system. These hegemonic shocks, marked by the sudden rise and fall of great powers, have been essential and often-neglected drivers of domestic transformations. Though rare and fleeting, they not only repeatedly alter the global hierarchy of powerful states but also create unique and powerful opportunities for sweeping national reforms—by triggering military impositions, swiftly changing the incentives of domestic actors, or transforming the basis of political legitimacy itself. As a result, the evolution of modern regimes cannot be fully understood without examining the consequences of clashes between great powers, which repeatedly—and often unsuccessfully—sought to cajole, inspire, and intimidate other states into joining their camps.

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