scholarly journals Milling technological experiments to reduce Fusarium toxin contamination in wheat

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-62
Author(s):  
A. Véha ◽  
P. Szabó ◽  
T. Bartók ◽  
E. Gyimes
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Mass Loss ◽  
Milling Process ◽  
Careful Consideration ◽  
Fusarium Toxin ◽  
Toxin Content ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Public Consumption ◽  
By Products

Abstract We examine 4 different DON-toxin-containing (0.74 - 1.15 - 1.19 - 2.14 mg/kg) winter wheat samples: they were debranned and undebranned, and we investigated the flour’s and the by-products’ (coarse, fine bran) toxin content changes. SATAKE lab-debranner was used for debranning and BRABENDER lab-mill for the milling process. Without debranning, two sample flours were above the DON toxin limit (0.75 mg/kg), which are waste. By minimum debranning (and minimum debranning mass loss; 6-8%), our experience with whole flour is that the multi-stage debranning measurement significantly reduces the content of the flour’s DON toxin, while the milling by-products, only after careful consideration and DON toxin measurements, may be produced for public consumption and for feeding.

scholarly journals Examination of DON-toxin content of milling byproduct generated after color sorting

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 38-46
Author(s):  
Eleonóra Kecskésné Nagy ◽  
Helga Tima ◽  
Péter Korzenszky ◽  
József Nagy
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Milling Process ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Toxin Concentration ◽  
Sorting Machine ◽  
Toxin Content ◽  
Food Safety Risk ◽  
By Products

Thanks to the favorable impact of vintage effect occurring in recent years the Fusarium contamination of wheat and consequently a high DON-toxin concentration is often caused problem. The DON-toxin in terms of human and animal health is a serious food safety risk factor. Therefore, it is important that there are methods during the wheat milling process which reduces the level of toxin. We confirmed in our earlier examinations, that with the help of modern color sorting machine the DON-toxin content of wheat items is effectively can be reduced. The question is, during the process how parallel changes the mycotoxin content of by-products, which are used primarily as animal forage. The authors are presented an analysis of these relevant experimental data. The results show, that the toxin content of the by-product is exceeds the starting wheat item's toxin content. However, the result of the regression analysis shows that no correlation in the toxin contents between the starting raw material, purified wheat and by-product. This should be considered to the users when they would like to utilize the by-product as ingredient of forage or feedstuff.

scholarly journals Alternative Micro-Milled Binders in Cold Recycling Technologies

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 16-20
Author(s):  
Jakub Šedina ◽  
Jan Valentin ◽  
Petr Mondschein ◽  
Jan Suda
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Milling Process ◽  
Reactive Material ◽  
Indirect Tensile ◽  
Foamed Bitumen ◽  
Cold Recycling ◽  
Water Susceptibility ◽  
By Products ◽  
Structural Layer

AbstractIn addition to bituminous binders (bituminous emulsion, foamed bitumen), hydraulic binders are applied in cold recycling technologies to increase the strength of a final structural layer as well as to increase its resistance to water and frost impacts. This paper deals with the use of energy by-products from fluidized bed coal combustion and mineral waste and their modification into reactive material with the potential of replacing commonly used hydraulic binders. The increase in the reactive potential takes place through a high-speed milling process where the mechanical-chemical activation of the material takes place. This process is associated with the refinement of the material, a higher proportion of micro and nanoparticles, an increased surface area, opening of particles, etc. The material treated exhibits binding properties, and it can be used as an active filler that allows for the partial or complete substitution of hydraulic binders. The experimental part is focused on the application of alternative binders to cold recycling mixtures and their assessment according to valid technical regulations, i.e., an assessment of their indirect tensile strength and water susceptibility as well as compressive strength and resistance to the effects of water and frost.

scholarly journals A Comparative Review of Natural and Synthetic Biopolymer Composite Scaffolds

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1105
Author(s):  
M. Sai Bhargava Reddy ◽  
Deepalekshmi Ponnamma ◽  
Rajan Choudhary ◽  
Kishor Kumar Sadasivuni
Keyword(s):  
Careful Consideration ◽  
Cellular Systems ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Composite Scaffolds ◽  
Cellular Environment ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Essential Components ◽  
Comparative Review ◽  
Scaffold Materials ◽  
Natural And Synthetic

Tissue engineering (TE) and regenerative medicine integrate information and technology from various fields to restore/replace tissues and damaged organs for medical treatments. To achieve this, scaffolds act as delivery vectors or as cellular systems for drugs and cells; thereby, cellular material is able to colonize host cells sufficiently to meet up the requirements of regeneration and repair. This process is multi-stage and requires the development of various components to create the desired neo-tissue or organ. In several current TE strategies, biomaterials are essential components. While several polymers are established for their use as biomaterials, careful consideration of the cellular environment and interactions needed is required in selecting a polymer for a given application. Depending on this, scaffold materials can be of natural or synthetic origin, degradable or nondegradable. In this review, an overview of various natural and synthetic polymers and their possible composite scaffolds with their physicochemical properties including biocompatibility, biodegradability, morphology, mechanical strength, pore size, and porosity are discussed. The scaffolds fabrication techniques and a few commercially available biopolymers are also tabulated.

Degradation and excretion of the Fusarium toxin deoxynivalenol by an edible insect, the Yellow mealworm (Tenebrio molitor L.)

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Van Broekhoven ◽  
J. Mota Gutierrez ◽  
T.C. De Rijk ◽  
W.C.M. De Nijs ◽  
J.J.A. Van Loon
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Wheat Flour ◽  
Enzymatic Degradation ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Tenebrio Molitor ◽  
Larval Survival ◽  
Edible Insect ◽  
Fusarium Toxin ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
By Products

Insects could provide an alternative and more sustainable source of animal protein compared to conventional livestock. Yellow mealworms (Tenebrio molitor L.) can be grown on diets composed of organic by-products. However, these diets could be contaminated with mycotoxins. Thus far, little is known about possible retention, sequestration, excretion or detoxification of mycotoxins by edible insects. T. molitor larvae were grown on wheat flour naturally contaminated with mycotoxins among which deoxynivalenol (DON) was predominant (4.9 mg/kg), wheat flour spiked with 8 mg/kg pure DON, and uncontaminated wheat flour. Larval survival and weight gain on the three diets were compared. Survival was high for larvae on all dietary treatments (>98%) and no difference in weight gain was observed when comparing larvae grown on uncontaminated control diet with larvae grown on contaminated diets (P=0.091). Presence of mycotoxins in larvae and larval faeces was analysed using LC-MS/MS. No DON or DON-derivatives were detected in T. molitor after harvest of the larvae, pointing to degradation by the larvae. Excretion of DON in larval faeces was ca. 14% of the amount of DON ingested for larvae grown on naturally contaminated diet and ca. 41% for larvae grown on DON-spiked diet. These are promising results with respect to food safety of mealworms or derived products grown on mycotoxin-contaminated feed. However, enzymatic degradation of DON in T. molitor, as well as possible toxicity of the resulting metabolites, remain to be further investigated.

Examination of chemical composition and calorific value of cereal straw

2010 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Sipos ◽  
A. Nábrádi ◽  
Z. Győri
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Reference Data ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Composition Data ◽  
Cereal Straw ◽  
By Products ◽  
Modern Varieties

Representative straw samples from various cereals were analysed to determine their chemical composition and calorific value. It was found that the chemical composition data given in previous feeding tables can be applied to characterise modern varieties, as only the crude fat contents of oats and winter wheat were significantly higher than the available reference data, while the ash contents were lower. The calorific value of cereal straw was equal to or in some cases greater than that of energy grass, so cereal straw could be competitive with energy grass, due to its large cultivation area and the properties and value of its by-products.

scholarly journals AGROCHEMICAL EVALUATION OF THE EFFICACY OF BIOPREPARATIONS IN A HIGHLY CROP ROTATION

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 44-50
Author(s):  
О. М. Berdnikov ◽  
V. V. Volkohon ◽  
L. V. Potapenko ◽  
S. F. Kozar
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
Azospirillum Brasilense ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Biogenic Element ◽  
Mineral Fertilization ◽  
Fertilization System ◽  
By Products

Objective. Determine the parameters of uptake of organic matter and biogenic elements withby-products of crops under the use of mineral and green-manure-mineral fertilization systems andmicrobial preparations. Methods. Field experiment, agrochemical, balance, statistical. Results.Under the conditions of short crop rotation “winter wheat – intermediate green manure – corn forgrain – soybean – winter wheat”, the influence of microbial preparations Biogran (on the basis ofnitrogen-fixing bacterium Azospirillum brasilense 410 and physiologically active substances) forcorn and Nitro-Legu (on the basis of complex of diazotrophs Bradyrhizobium japonicum, Azospirillum brasilense and polysaccharide) for soybeans on crop yields, uptake of by-products in the soil,balance of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium depending on fertilization systems. Under exposureto biopreparations, uptake of corn by-product in the soil increased by 1.41–2.12 t/ha, soybeans —by 0.51–0.71 t/ha of dry matter, depending on the agrarian backgrounds, which, taking into account the humification factors, can provide soil replenishment with humus at the level of 0.31 to0.47 t/ha and 0.12–0.17 t/ha, respectively. Nitrogen and phosphorus balances, as well as their intensity under the mineral fertilization system were positive. Green-manure-mineral fertilization system and pre-sowing bacterization of seeds helped to improve the parameters compared to the mineral fertilization system. Potassium balance was slightly deficient (–16.2 to 20.4 kg/ha at a balanceintensity of 78–80 %) under exposure to the mineral fertilization system and positive under exposure to green-manure-mineral system. Microbial preparations helped to improve parameters. Additional uptake of the biogenic element compounds in the soil provided an increase in the yield ofwinter wheat. According to the results of the evaluation of the balance of the key nutrients, a satisfactory ecological balance was created in the short crop rotation under exposure to green-manuremineral fertilization system and pre-sowing bacterization of corn and soybean seeds. Conclusion. Upon evaluation of the efficacy of microbial preparations in crop cultivation technologies, theparameters of uptake of organic matter and biogenic element compounds with by-products in the arable soil layer should be taken into account along with their direct effect on yield formation andproduct quality.

scholarly journals Екологічна експертиза технологій вирощування пшениці озимої в умовах північного Лісостепу

2018 ◽  
pp. 40-44
Author(s):  
О. В. Тогачинська ◽  
І. В. Паращенко
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Hazardous Substances ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Potential Threat ◽  
By Products ◽  
Generative Organs

Висвітлено результати екологічної експертизи технологій вирощування пшениці озимої у північному Лісостепу за впливом на процеси міграції міді в генетичних горизонтах темно-сірого опідзоленого ґрунту та накопичення її у веґетативних і генеративних органах рослин. Результати екотоксикологічних досліджень дали змогу виявити, що мінеральна система удобрення та інтенсивний захист рослин можуть бути причиною нагромадження потенційно небезпечних шкідливих речовин у верхніх горизонтах ґрунту, а також сприяти їх міграції вниз за ґрунтовим профілем і створювати потенційну загрозу забруднення ґрунтових вод. The research was carried out on the basis of the Institute of Agroecology of the UAAS and the NSC «Institute of Agriculture of UAAS». Winter wheat variety – Lada Odes’ka. The soil of the experimental field is dark gray podzolized. The scheme of the experiment involved the study of fertilizer variants against the background of the minimal and intensive system of plant protection: control (without fertilizers), N60N30, P135K135 + N80 + N55, by-products, P90K90 + N60 + N30. The results of ecological examination of technologies of winter wheat growing in the Northern Forest-Steppe for the influence on the processes of copper migration in the genetic horizons of dark gray podzolized soil and its accumulation in vegetative and generative organs of plants are highlighted. The results of ecotoxicological studies have revealed that the mineral fertilizer system and intensive plant protection can cause the accumulation of potentially hazardous substances in the upper horizons of the soil. As well as promote their migration down the soil profile and create a potential threat to groundwater contamination. It was established that under the influence of mineral fertilizers (P135K135 + N80 + N55, P90K90N60 + N30, N45P45K45) intensive protection was carried out more active accumulation of potentially dangerous substances by vegetative (stem, leaves) by the organs of wheat. The use of by-products led to a decrease in the activity of these processes. Fertilizer systems, and especially plant protection, have had a significant impact on the redistribution of harmful substances between vegetative and generative organs of wheat. The amount of copper in winter wheat grains with intensive plant protection increased significantly. Prospects for scientific work in the future will be aimed at studying the influence of the transition of the transition of nickel, zinc from the soil into vegetative and generative organs of winter wheat and conducting an environmental assessment of technologies for growing winter wheat according to toxicological indicators.

scholarly journals Effects of Multi-Stage Continuous Drought on Photosynthetic Characteristics, Yield and Water Use Efficiency of Winter Wheat

Phyton ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 89 (3) ◽  
pp. 691-703
Author(s):  
Daoxi Li ◽  
Ruitao Lou ◽  
Yanbin Li ◽  
Zepeng Bian ◽  
Ya’nan Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Photosynthetic Characteristics ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Use Efficiency

scholarly journals Effects of Olive and Pomegranate By-Products on Human Microbiota: A Study Using the SHIME® in Vitro Simulator

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (20) ◽  
pp. 3791 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuliani ◽  
Marzorati ◽  
Daghio ◽  
Franzetti ◽  
Innocenti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Virgin Olive Oil ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Extra Virgin Olive Oil ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Milling Process ◽  
Human Donor ◽  
Human Microbiota ◽  
By Products

Two by-products containing phenols and polysaccharides, a “pâté” (OP) from the extra virgin olive oil milling process and a decoction of pomegranate mesocarp (PM), were investigated for their effects on human microbiota using the SHIME® system. The ability of these products to modulate the microbial community was studied simulating a daily intake for nine days. Microbial functionality, investigated in terms of short chain fatty acids (SCFA) and NH4+, was stable during the treatment. A significant increase in Lactobacillaceae and Bifidobacteriaceae at nine days was induced by OP mainly in the proximal tract. Polyphenol metabolism indicated the formation of tyrosol from OP mainly in the distal tract, while urolithins C and A were produced from PM, identifying the human donor as a metabotype A. The results confirm the SHIME® system as a suitable in vitro tool to preliminarily investigate interactions between complex botanicals and human microbiota before undertaking more challenging human studies.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document