Novel biomarker and drug delivery systems for theranostics – extracellular vesicles

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewa Ł. Stępień ◽  
Carina Rząca ◽  
Paweł Moskal
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Biological Fluids ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Cell Uptake ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Composition Structure

Abstract Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nano- and micro-sized double-layered membrane entities derived from most cell types and released into biological fluids. Biological properties (cell-uptake, biocompatibility), and chemical (composition, structure) or physical (size, density) characteristics make EVs a good candidate for drug delivery systems (DDS). Recent advances in the field of EVs (e.g., scaling-up production, purification) and developments of new imaging methods (total-body positron emission tomography [PET]) revealed benefits of radiolabeled EVs in diagnostic and interventional medicine as a potential DDs in theranostics.

scholarly journals Antiviral Activity of Carrageenans and Processing Implications

Marine Drugs ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (8) ◽  
pp. 437
Author(s):  
Milena Álvarez-Viñas ◽  
Sandra Souto ◽  
Noelia Flórez-Fernández ◽  
Maria Dolores Torres ◽  
Isabel Bandín ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Antiviral Activity ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Red Seaweed ◽  
Processing Conditions ◽  
Chemical Modifications ◽  
Viral Attachment ◽  
Extraction Stage ◽  
Composition Structure

Carrageenan and carrageenan oligosaccharides are red seaweed sulfated carbohydrates with well-known antiviral properties, mainly through the blocking of the viral attachment stage. They also exhibit other interesting biological properties and can be used to prepare different drug delivery systems for controlled administration. The most active forms are λ-, ι-, and κ-carrageenans, the degree and sulfation position being determined in their properties. They can be obtained from sustainable worldwide available resources and the influence of manufacturing on composition, structure, and antiviral properties should be considered. This review presents a survey of the antiviral properties of carrageenan in relation to the processing conditions, particularly those assisted by intensification technologies during the extraction stage, and discusses the possibility of further chemical modifications.

scholarly journals Extracellular Vesicles-Based Drug Delivery Systems: A New Challenge and the Exemplum of Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (15) ◽  
pp. 5432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Burgio ◽  
Leila Noori ◽  
Antonella Marino Gammazza ◽  
Claudia Campanella ◽  
Mariantonia Logozzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Delivery System ◽  
Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma ◽  
Cell Communication ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Pleural Mesothelioma ◽  
Potential Use

Research for the most selective drug delivery to tumors represents a fascinating key target in science. Alongside the artificial delivery systems identified in the last decades (e.g., liposomes), a family of natural extracellular vesicles (EVs) has gained increasing focus for their potential use in delivering anticancer compounds. EVs are released by all cell types to mediate cell-to-cell communication both at the paracrine and the systemic levels, suggesting a role for them as an ideal nano-delivery system. Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) stands out among currently untreatable tumors, also due to the difficulties in achieving an early diagnosis. Thus, early diagnosis and treatment of MPM are both unmet clinical needs. This review looks at indirect and direct evidence that EVs may represent both a new tool for allowing an early diagnosis of MPM and a potential new delivery system for more efficient therapeutic strategies. Since MPM is a relatively rare malignant tumor and preclinical MPM models developed to date are very few and not reliable, this review will report data obtained in other tumor types, suggesting the potential use of EVs in mesothelioma patients as well.

scholarly journals Emerging innate biological properties of nano-drug delivery systems: A focus on PAMAM dendrimers and their clinical potential

2021 ◽  
pp. 113908
Author(s):  
Hadeel Kheraldine ◽  
Ousama Rachid ◽  
Abdella M Habib ◽  
Ala-Eddin Al Moustafa ◽  
Ibrahim F. Benter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Pamam Dendrimers ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Nano Drug Delivery ◽  
Clinical Potential

Advances in microfluidics for lipid nanoparticles and extracellular vesicles and applications in drug delivery systems

2018 ◽  
Vol 128 ◽  
pp. 84-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masatoshi Maeki ◽  
Niko Kimura ◽  
Yusuke Sato ◽  
Hideyoshi Harashima ◽  
Manabu Tokeshi
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Lipid Nanoparticles ◽  
Delivery Systems

Extracellular vesicles as drug delivery systems: Lessons from the liposome field

2014 ◽  
Vol 195 ◽  
pp. 72-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roy van der Meel ◽  
Marcel H.A.M. Fens ◽  
Pieter Vader ◽  
Wouter W. van Solinge ◽  
Omolola Eniola-Adefeso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Delivery Systems

scholarly journals Mesostructured silica matrix for irinotecan delivery systems

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 813-820 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silviu Nastase ◽  
Laura Bajenaru ◽  
Daniela Berger ◽  
Cristian Matei ◽  
Mihaela Moisescu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Cytotoxic Effect ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Silica Matrix ◽  
Cell Uptake ◽  
Mesostructured Silica ◽  
Uptake Process ◽  
Grafting Procedure ◽  
Mcm 41

AbstractThree mesostructured silica-type carriers, MCM-41 and MCM-41 functionalized by a postsynthesis grafting procedure with hydrophilic aminopropyl groups (MCM-APTES) and hydrophobic vinyl moieties (MCM-VTES), respectively, were investigated in order to elaborate drug delivery systems (DDS) for irinotecan molecules. All studied drug delivery systems exhibited higher cytotoxicity on murine embrionary fibroblastic (MEF) cells than free irinotecan at the same content of the cytostatic agent, whereas no toxicity was observed for the three unloaded carriers. The cytotoxic effect of irinotecan loaded on MCM-41-type carriers continued to increase even 24 h after ceasing the cell exposure to the drug and remained significantly higher than that of free irinotecan. The cellular uptake of silica-type hybrids was investigated by labelling MCM-APTES with Rhodamine B. In the case of the studied DDS, an endocytotic mechanism was found to be involved in the cell uptake process, and it was used to explain the cytotoxicity differences between free irinotecan and drug loaded on MCM-41-type supports.

scholarly journals OVERVIEW ON METHODS OF SYNTHESIS OF NANOPARTICLES

2021 ◽  
pp. 11-16
Author(s):  
NILESH PATIL ◽  
RAJVEER BHASKAR ◽  
VISHAL VYAVHARE ◽  
RAHUL DHADGE ◽  
VAISHNAVI KHAIRE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Controlled Drug Release ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
The Body ◽  
Synthesis Of Nanoparticles ◽  
Routes Of Administration ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Methods Of Synthesis

In recent years, interest in the development of novel drug delivery systems using nanoparticles has gained more attention. The nanoparticles offer several advantages over other conventional drug delivery systems. Nanoparticles have gained importance in technological advancements due to their modifiable physical, chemical and biological properties with improved performance over their bulk foils. Nanoparticles can simply move in the body due to their small size and reach very complex organs through diverse routes. The high stability, controlled drug release makes nanoparticles the most suitable drug delivery system. Along with all these advantages, they offer variety in routes of administration. Both hydrophilic, as well as hydrophobic drugs, can be delivered in the form of nanoparticles. Nanoparticles have been used as a physical approach to modify and advance the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics possessions of various types of drug molecules. Thesol-gel technique is a stress-free and very inexpensive process to formulate metal oxides and permits control over the doping process or adding of transition metals, as related to other research techniques. The study of different methods of synthesis of nanoparticles is essential to obtain desired nanoparticles with specific sizes and shapes. They are suitable candidates for various marketable and local applications, which include imaging, catalysis medical applications and environmental applications. This review mainly focuses on approaches used for the production of nanoparticles and different methods of synthesis of nanoparticles such as physical, chemical and biological method.

scholarly journals Extracellular vesicles as drug delivery systems: Why and how?

2020 ◽  
Vol 159 ◽  
pp. 332-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omnia M. Elsharkasy ◽  
Joel Z. Nordin ◽  
Daniel W. Hagey ◽  
Olivier G. de Jong ◽  
Raymond M. Schiffelers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Delivery Systems

scholarly journals Transporter-Targeted Nano-Sized Vehicles for Enhanced and Site-Specific Drug Delivery

Cancers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 2837 ◽  
Author(s):  
Longfa Kou ◽  
Qing Yao ◽  
Hailin Zhang ◽  
Maoping Chu ◽  
Yangzom D. Bhutia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Blood Brain Barrier ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Target Cells ◽  
Specific Cell ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Nano Drug Delivery

Nano-devices are recognized as increasingly attractive to deliver therapeutics to target cells. The specificity of this approach can be improved by modifying the surface of the delivery vehicles such that they are recognized by the target cells. In the past, cell-surface receptors were exploited for this purpose, but plasma membrane transporters also hold similar potential. Selective transporters are often highly expressed in biological barriers (e.g., intestinal barrier, blood–brain barrier, and blood–retinal barrier) in a site-specific manner, and play a key role in the vectorial transfer of nutrients. Similarly, selective transporters are also overexpressed in the plasma membrane of specific cell types under pathological states to meet the biological needs demanded by such conditions. Nano-drug delivery systems could be strategically modified to make them recognizable by these transporters to enhance the transfer of drugs across the biological barriers or to selectively expose specific cell types to therapeutic drugs. Here, we provide a comprehensive review and detailed evaluation of the recent advances in the field of transporter-targeted nano-drug delivery systems. We specifically focus on areas related to intestinal absorption, transfer across blood–brain barrier, tumor-cell selective targeting, ocular drug delivery, identification of the transporters appropriate for this purpose, and details of the rationale for the approach.

scholarly journals Factors Affecting Extracellular Vesicles Based Drug Delivery Systems

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 1544
Author(s):  
Isha Gaurav ◽  
Abhimanyu Thakur ◽  
Ashok Iyaswamy ◽  
Xuehan Wang ◽  
Xiaoyu Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Targeted Delivery ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
Nano Drug Delivery ◽  
Different Origins

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) play major roles in intracellular communication and participate in several biological functions in both normal and pathological conditions. Surface modification of EVs via various ligands, such as proteins, peptides, or aptamers, offers great potential as a means to achieve targeted delivery of therapeutic cargo, i.e., in drug delivery systems (DDS). This review summarizes recent studies pertaining to the development of EV-based DDS and its advantages compared to conventional nano drug delivery systems (NDDS). First, we compare liposomes and exosomes in terms of their distinct benefits in DDS. Second, we analyze what to consider for achieving better isolation, yield, and characterization of EVs for DDS. Third, we summarize different methods for the modification of surface of EVs, followed by discussion about different origins of EVs and their role in developing DDS. Next, several major methods for encapsulating therapeutic cargos in EVs have been summarized. Finally, we discuss key challenges and pose important open questions which warrant further investigation to develop more effective EV-based DDS.

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