scholarly journals OVERVIEW ON METHODS OF SYNTHESIS OF NANOPARTICLES

2021 ◽  
pp. 11-16
Author(s):  
NILESH PATIL ◽  
RAJVEER BHASKAR ◽  
VISHAL VYAVHARE ◽  
RAHUL DHADGE ◽  
VAISHNAVI KHAIRE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Controlled Drug Release ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
The Body ◽  
Synthesis Of Nanoparticles ◽  
Routes Of Administration ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Methods Of Synthesis

In recent years, interest in the development of novel drug delivery systems using nanoparticles has gained more attention. The nanoparticles offer several advantages over other conventional drug delivery systems. Nanoparticles have gained importance in technological advancements due to their modifiable physical, chemical and biological properties with improved performance over their bulk foils. Nanoparticles can simply move in the body due to their small size and reach very complex organs through diverse routes. The high stability, controlled drug release makes nanoparticles the most suitable drug delivery system. Along with all these advantages, they offer variety in routes of administration. Both hydrophilic, as well as hydrophobic drugs, can be delivered in the form of nanoparticles. Nanoparticles have been used as a physical approach to modify and advance the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics possessions of various types of drug molecules. Thesol-gel technique is a stress-free and very inexpensive process to formulate metal oxides and permits control over the doping process or adding of transition metals, as related to other research techniques. The study of different methods of synthesis of nanoparticles is essential to obtain desired nanoparticles with specific sizes and shapes. They are suitable candidates for various marketable and local applications, which include imaging, catalysis medical applications and environmental applications. This review mainly focuses on approaches used for the production of nanoparticles and different methods of synthesis of nanoparticles such as physical, chemical and biological method.

Nanostructured Ketorolac-Tromethamine/MCF: Synthesis, Characterization and Application in Drug Release System

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 432-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana M. Juarez ◽  
Jorgelina Cussa ◽  
Marcos B. Gomez Costa ◽  
Oscar A. Anunziata
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Release ◽  
Therapeutic Efficacy ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Controlled Drug Release ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
The Body ◽  
Fickian Diffusion ◽  
Ketorolac Tromethamine

Background: Controlled drug delivery systems can maintain the concentration of drugs in the exact sites of the body within the optimum range and below the toxicity threshold, improving therapeutic efficacy and reducing toxicity. Mesostructured Cellular Foam (MCF) material is a new promising host for drug delivery systems due to high biocompatibility, in vivo biodegradability and low toxicity. Methods: Ketorolac-Tromethamine/MCF composite was synthesized. The material synthesis and loading of ketorolac-tromethamine into MCF pores were successful as shown by XRD, FTIR, TGA, TEM and textural analyses. Results: We obtained promising results for controlled drug release using the novel MCF material. The application of these materials in KETO release is innovative, achieving an initial high release rate and then maintaining a constant rate at high times. This allows keeping drug concentration within the range of therapeutic efficacy, being highly applicable for the treatment of diseases that need a rapid response. The release of KETO/MCF was compared with other containers of KETO (KETO/SBA-15) and commercial tablets. Conclusion: The best model to fit experimental data was Ritger-Peppas equation. Other models used in this work could not properly explain the controlled drug release of this material. The predominant release of KETO from MCF was non-Fickian diffusion.

Biocompatible Nanovesicular Drug Delivery Systems with Targeting Potential for Autoimmune Diseases

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (42) ◽  
pp. 5488-5502 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yub Raj Neupane ◽  
Asiya Mahtab ◽  
Lubna Siddiqui ◽  
Archu Singh ◽  
Namrata Gautam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Autoimmune Diseases ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Drug Carriers ◽  
Immunological Tolerance ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
The Body ◽  
Autoimmune Response ◽  
Treatment Modalities

Autoimmune diseases are collectively addressed as chronic conditions initiated by the loss of one’s immunological tolerance, where the body treats its own cells as foreigners or self-antigens. These hay-wired antibodies or immunologically capable cells lead to a variety of disorders like rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, multiple sclerosis and recently included neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer’s, Parkinsonism and testicular cancer triggered T-cells induced autoimmune response in testes and brain. Conventional treatments for autoimmune diseases possess several downsides due to unfavourable pharmacokinetic behaviour of drug, reflected by low bioavailability, rapid clearance, offsite toxicity, restricted targeting ability and poor therapeutic outcomes. Novel nanovesicular drug delivery systems including liposomes, niosomes, proniosomes, ethosomes, transferosomes, pharmacosomes, ufasomes and biologically originated exosomes have proved to possess alluring prospects in supporting the combat against autoimmune diseases. These nanovesicles have revitalized available treatment modalities as they are biocompatible, biodegradable, less immunogenic and capable of carrying high drug payloads to deliver both hydrophilic as well as lipophilic drugs to specific sites via passive or active targeting. Due to their unique surface chemistry, they can be decorated with physiological or synthetic ligands to target specific receptors overexpressed in different autoimmune diseases and can even cross the blood-brain barrier. This review presents exhaustive yet concise information on the potential of various nanovesicular systems as drug carriers in improving the overall therapeutic efficiency of the dosage regimen for various autoimmune diseases. The role of endogenous exosomes as biomarkers in the diagnosis and prognosis of autoimmune diseases along with monitoring progress of treatment will also be highlighted.

Nanoscale Drug Delivery Systems for Glaucoma: Experimental and In Silico Advances

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Smriti Sharma ◽  
Vinayak Bhatia
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
In Silico ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Ocular Drug Delivery ◽  
The Body ◽  
Single Wall Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Blood Retinal Barrier ◽  
Novel Drugs ◽  
Blood Aqueous Barrier

: In this review nanoscale based drug delivery systems particularly in relevance to the antiglaucoma drugs have been discussed. In addition to that, the latest computational/in silico advances in this field are examined in brief. Using nanoscale materials for drug delivery, is an ideal option to target tumours and drug can be released at areas of the body where traditional drugs may fail to act. Nanoparticles, polymeric nanomaterials, single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs), quantum dots (QDs), liposomes and graphene are the most important nanomaterials used for drug delivery. Ocular drug delivery is one of the most common and difficult tasks faced by pharmaceutical scientists because of many challenges like circumventing the blood–retinal barrier, corneal epithelium and the blood–aqueous barrier. Authors found compelling empirical evidence of scientists relying on in-silico approaches to develop novel drugs and drug delivery systems for treating glaucoma. This review in nanoscale drug delivery systems will help us in understand the existing queries and evidence gaps and will pave way for effective design of novel ocular drug delivery systems

scholarly journals Electrospinning: A promising technique for drug delivery systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 441-454
Author(s):  
Carlos A. Martínez-Pérez
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Extrinsic Factor ◽  
Promising Technique ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Final System ◽  
Intense Research

AbstractIn the last years, electrospinning has become a technique of intense research to design and fabricate drug delivery systems (DDS), during this time a vast variety of DDS with mainly electrospun polymers and many different active ingredient(s) have been developed, many intrinsic and extrinsic factor have influence in the final system, there are those that can be attributed to the equipment set up and that to the physical-chemical properties of the used materials in the fabrication of DDS. After all, this intense research has generated a great amount of DDS loaded with one or more drugs. In this manuscript a review with the highlights of different kind of systems for drug delivery systems is presented, it includes the basic concepts of electrospinning, types of equipment set up, polymer/drug systems, limitations and challenges that need to be overcome for clinical applications.

scholarly journals Aptamer-modified polymer nanoparticles for targeted drug delivery

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (1-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Modrejewski ◽  
Johanna-Gabriela Walter ◽  
Imme Kretschmer ◽  
Evren Kemal ◽  
Mark Green ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Targeted Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Mode Of Delivery ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lung Cancer Cells ◽  
Targeted Drug

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to develop a model system for targeted drug delivery. This system should enable targeted drug release at a certain tissue in the body. In conventional drug delivery systems, drugs are often delivered unspecifically resulting in unwarranted adverse effects. To circumvent this problem, there is an increasing demand for the development of intelligent drug delivery systems allowing a tissue-specific mode of delivery. Within this study, nanoparticles consisting of two biocompatible polymers are used. Because of their small size, nanoparticles are well-suited for effective drug delivery. The small size affects their movement through cell and tissue barriers. Their cellular uptake is easier when compared to larger drug delivery systems. Paclitaxel was encapsulated into the nanoparticles as a model drug, and to achieve specific targeting an aptamer directed against lung cancer cells was coupled to the nanoparticles surface. Nanoparticles were characterized by dynamic light scattering (DLS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and nanotracking analysis (NTA). Also their surface charge was characterized from ζ-potential measurements. Their preparation was optimized and subsequently specificity of drug-loaded and aptamer-functionalized nanoparticles was investigated using lung cancer cells.

scholarly journals Emerging innate biological properties of nano-drug delivery systems: A focus on PAMAM dendrimers and their clinical potential

2021 ◽  
pp. 113908
Author(s):  
Hadeel Kheraldine ◽  
Ousama Rachid ◽  
Abdella M Habib ◽  
Ala-Eddin Al Moustafa ◽  
Ibrahim F. Benter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Pamam Dendrimers ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Nano Drug Delivery ◽  
Clinical Potential

Alzheimer’s disease and its related Dementia types: A review on their management via nanotechnology based therapeutic strategies

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Panoraia I. Siafaka ◽  
Gökce Mutlu ◽  
Neslihan Üstündağ Okur
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Vascular Dementia ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
The Body ◽  
Daily Routine ◽  
Mixed Dementia ◽  
The Brain

Background: Dementia and its related types such as Alzheimer’s disease, vascular dementia and mixed dementia belong to brain associated diseases, resulting in long-term progressive memory loss. These diseases are so severe that can affect a person's daily routine. Up to date, treatment of de- mentias is still an unmet challenge due to their complex pathophysiology and unavailable efficient pharmacological approaches. The use of nanotechnology based pharmaceutical products could possibly improve the management of dementia given that nanocarriers could more efficiently deliver drugs to the brain. Objective: The objective of this study is to provide the current nanotechnology based drug delivery systems for the treatment of various dementia types. In addition, the current diagnosis biomarkers for the mentioned dementia types along with their available pharmacological treatment are being dis- cussed. Method: An extensive review of the current nanosystems such as brain drug delivery systems against Alzheimer’s disease, vascular dementia and mixed dementia was performed. Moreover, nan- otheranostics as possible imaging markers for such dementias were also reported. Results: The field of nanotechnology is quite advantageous for targeting dementia given that nanoscale drug delivery systems easily penetrate the blood brain barrier and circulate in the body for prolonged time. These nanoformulations consist of polymeric nanoparticles, solid lipid nanoparticles, nanostruc- tured lipid carriers, microemulsions, nanoemulsions, and liquid crystals. The delivery of the nan- otherapeutics can be achieved via various administration routes such as transdermal, injectable, oral, and more importantly, through the intranasal route. Nonetheless, the nanocarriers are mostly limited to Alzheimer’s disease targeting; thus, nanocarriers for other types of dementia should be developed. Conclusion: To conclude, understanding the mechanism of neurodegeneration and reviewing the cur- rent drug delivery systems for Alzheimer’s disease and other dementia types are significant for medical and pharmaceutical society to produce efficient therapeutic choices and novel strategies based on mul- tifunctional and biocompatible nanocarriers, which can deliver the drug sufficiently into the brain.

Recent advances in polymer shell-oily core nanocapsules for drug delivery applications

Nanomedicine ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed S AbdElhamid ◽  
Dina G Zayed ◽  
Lamia Heikal ◽  
Sherine N Khattab ◽  
Omar Y Mady ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Controlled Drug Release ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Polymeric Membranes ◽  
Polymer Shell ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Target Sites ◽  
Different Types

Polymeric nanocapsules are vesicular drug delivery systems composed of an inner oily reservoir surrounded by polymeric membranes. Nanocapsules have various advantages over other nanovesicular systems such as providing controlled drug release properties. We discuss the recent advances in polymeric shell-oily core nanocapsules, illustrating the different types of polymers used and their implementation. Nanocapsules can be utilized for many purposes, especially encapsulation of highly lipophilic drugs. They have been shown to have variable applications, especially in cancer therapy, due to the ability of the polymeric shell to direct the loaded drugs to their target sites, as well as their high internalization efficacy. Those productive applications guaranteed their high potential as drug delivery systems. However, their clinical development is still in an early stage.

scholarly journals Towards feedback-controlled nanomedicines for smart, adaptive delivery

2018 ◽  
Vol 244 (4) ◽  
pp. 283-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen J. Jones ◽  
Annette F. Taylor ◽  
Paul A Beales
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Release ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
The Body ◽  
Living Systems ◽  
Prolonged Release ◽  
Drug Bioavailability ◽  
Drug Release Profile ◽  
Chemical Systems

Nanomedicines for controlled drug release provide temporal and spatial regulation of drug bioavailability in the body. The timing of drug release is usually engineered either for slow gradual release over an extended period of time or for rapid release triggered by a specific change in its physicochemical environment. However, between these two extremes, there is the desirable possibility of adaptive nanomedicines that dynamically modulate drug release in tune with its changing environment. Adaptation and response through communication with its environment is a fundamental trait of living systems; therefore, the design of biomimetic nanomedicines through the approaches of bottom-up synthetic biology provides a viable route to this goal. This could enable drug delivery systems to optimize release in synchronicity with the body’s natural biological rhythms and the personalized physiological characteristics of the patient, e.g. their metabolic rate. Living systems achieve this responsiveness through feedback-controlled biochemical processes that regulate their functional outputs. Towards this goal of adaptive drug delivery systems, we review the general benefits of nanomedicine formulations, provide existing examples of experimental nanomedicines that encapsulate the metabolic function of enzymes, and give relevant examples of feedback-controlled chemical systems. These are the underpinning concepts that hold promise to be combined to form novel adaptive release systems. Furthermore, we motivate the advantages of adaptive release through chronobiological examples. By providing a brief review of these topics and an assessment of the state of the art, we aim to provide a useful resource to accelerate developments in this field. Impact statement The timing and rate of release of pharmaceuticals from advanced drug delivery systems is an important property that has received considerable attention in the scientific literature. Broadly, these mostly fall into two classes: controlled release with a prolonged release rate or triggered release where the drug is rapidly released in response to an environmental stimulus. This review aims to highlight the potential for developing adaptive release systems that more subtlety modulate the drug release profile through continuous communication with its environment facilitated through feedback control. By reviewing the key elements of this approach in one place (fundamental principles of nanomedicine, enzymatic nanoreactors for medical therapies and feedback-controlled chemical systems) and providing additional motivating case studies in the context of chronobiology, we hope to inspire innovative development of novel “chrononanomedicines.”

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