scholarly journals The Undercurrents of Estonian Broadcasting Regulation, 1992–2014

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-99
Author(s):  
Andres Jõesaar
Keyword(s):  
Annual Reports ◽  
Public Broadcasting ◽  
Media Policy ◽  
Market Forces ◽  
Internal Factors ◽  
Media Companies ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Media Services ◽  
Broadcasting Regulation ◽  
The Common

Abstract This article explores the ways in which different external and internal factors (especially politics and economics) have encouraged or hindered the evolution of Estonian Public Broadcasting. This article argues that the Estonian government’s ‘idealisation’ of market forces that is supported by European Union (EU) media policy and driven by the common market ideology does not take into account the actual abilities of a small country’s media companies to provide a wide range of media services, and thereby limits the offerings of high-quality local content. The research methodology is based on an analysis of EU media policy documents, Estonian media legislation and broadcasters’ annual reports in the period from 1992 to 2014. The main finding of this article is that official Estonian media policy is largely shaped by the financial results of private media companies.

scholarly journals The Winding Road on the Media Landscape

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
pp. 113
Author(s):  
Andres Jõesaar
Keyword(s):  
Public Service ◽  
Large Range ◽  
Annual Reports ◽  
Media Policy ◽  
Communist Country ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Media Companies ◽  
Media System ◽  
Media Services ◽  
The Media

This article aims to explore the ways in which Estonian broadcasting (with a focus on television) tackled the challenges of transforming from a monopolistic party propaganda machine into a modern dual media system in which public service broadcasting and newly created private enterprises coexist; and how this process evolved in a small post-communist country. This article argues that the Estonian government’s ‘idealisation’ of market forces supported by the European Union media policy, which is driven by common market ideology, did not take into account the market’s limitations and media companies’ actual capability to provide a large range of media services. The research methodology is based on an analysis of EU media policy documents, Estonian media legislation, the protocols of the Cultural Affairs Committee of the Parliament of Estonia, protocols of the broadcasters’ licensing committee at the Ministry of Culture and the broadcasters’ annual reports from the period 1992 - 2015. The article analyses the key trends in Estonian media development and policymaking during the last 25 years.

COPPER ALLOY No. 268

Alloy Digest ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Copper Alloy ◽  
Cold Working ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Zinc Alloy ◽  
Good Resistance ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Copper Zinc ◽  
The Common ◽  
Cold Worked

Abstract Copper Alloy No. 268 is a copper-zinc alloy with excellent cold-working properties and good resistance to corrosion. It can be cold worked by all the common fabrication processes and has a wide range of applications. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, tensile properties, and shear strength as well as fatigue. It also includes information on corrosion resistance as well as forming, heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: Cu-306. Producer or source: Brass mills.

Conclusion

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew S. Seligmann
Keyword(s):  
Corporal Punishment ◽  
Social Reform ◽  
Alcohol Intake ◽  
Religious Practice ◽  
Royal Navy ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
Push Forward ◽  
The Common

As this book has shown the common conception that ‘Churchill’s “radical phase” was cast to the winds’ when he was put in charge of the Navy in October 1911, although well established in the literature, is not, in fact, accurate.1 The radical President of the Board of Trade, eager to improve the lives of the poor, became the radical Home Secretary, no less enthusiastic for social reform, who then became the radical First Lord of the Admiralty, imbued with both a desire and, perhaps more importantly, a will to intervene in order to better conditions for those who served in the Royal Navy. Accordingly, he embarked upon a major programme of improvement across a wide range of different areas all of which affected the everyday life of sailors. Alcohol intake, sexual behaviour, religious practice, corporal punishment, as well as pay and equality of progression, all came under the spotlight while Churchill was First Lord. Of course, not all of the new measures were successful and not all were progressive in the modern understanding of the term, but all of them represented significant attempts to push forward a radical agenda for change....

Punk as Folk: Continuities and Tensions in the UK and Beyond

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pete Dale
Keyword(s):  
Folk Music ◽  
Music Making ◽  
Collective Creativity ◽  
Living Tradition ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Uk

Numerous claims have been made by a wide range of commentators that punk is somehow “a folk music” of some kind. Doubtless there are several continuities. Indeed, both tend to encourage amateur music-making, both often have affiliations with the Left, and both emerge at least partly from a collective/anti-competitive approach to music-making. However, there are also significant tensions between punk and folk as ideas/ideals and as applied in practice. Most obviously, punk makes claims to a “year zero” creativity (despite inevitably offering re-presentation of at least some existing elements in every instance), whereas folk music is supposed to carry forward a tradition (which, thankfully, is more recognized in recent decades as a subject-to-change “living tradition” than was the case in folk’s more purist periods). Politically, meanwhile, postwar folk has tended more toward a socialist and/or Marxist orientation, both in the US and UK, whereas punk has at least rhetorically claimed to be in favor of “anarchy” (in the UK, in particular). Collective creativity and competitive tendencies also differ between the two (perceived) genre areas. Although the folk scene’s “floor singer” tradition offers a dispersal of expressive opportunity comparable in some ways to the “anyone can do it” idea that gets associated with punk, the creative expectation of the individual within the group differs between the two. Punk has some similarities to folk, then, but there are tensions, too, and these are well worth examining if one is serious about testing out the common claim, in both folk and punk, that “anyone can do it.”

scholarly journals Zebrafish Models to Study New Pathways in Tauopathies

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 4626
Author(s):  
Clément Barbereau ◽  
Nicolas Cubedo ◽  
Tangui Maurice ◽  
Mireille Rossel
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Deficits ◽  
Tau Protein ◽  
Common Point ◽  
Transgenic Models ◽  
Synaptic Loss ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Transgenic Lines ◽  
Functional Consequences ◽  
The Common

Tauopathies represent a vast family of neurodegenerative diseases, the most well-known of which is Alzheimer’s disease. The symptoms observed in patients include cognitive deficits and locomotor problems and can lead ultimately to dementia. The common point found in all these pathologies is the accumulation in neural and/or glial cells of abnormal forms of Tau protein, leading to its aggregation and neurofibrillary tangles. Zebrafish transgenic models have been generated with different overexpression strategies of human Tau protein. These transgenic lines have made it possible to highlight Tau interacting factors or factors which may limit the neurotoxicity induced by mutations and hyperphosphorylation of the Tau protein in neurons. Several studies have tested neuroprotective pharmacological approaches. On few-days-old larvae, modulation of various signaling or degradation pathways reversed the deleterious effects of Tau mutations, mainly hTauP301L and hTauA152T. Live imaging and live tracking techniques as well as behavioral follow-up enable the analysis of the wide range of Tau-related phenotypes from synaptic loss to cognitive functional consequences.

scholarly journals Cyclotide host-defense tailored for species and environments in violets from the Canary Islands

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Blazej Slazak ◽  
Klara Kaltenböck ◽  
Karin Steffen ◽  
Martyna Rogala ◽  
Priscila Rodríguez-Rodríguez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Host Defense ◽  
Canary Islands ◽  
Cyclic Peptides ◽  
Fusarium Culmorum ◽  
Host Defense Peptides ◽  
Biological Assays ◽  
Minimal Inhibitory Concentrations ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Common ◽  
Teide Volcano

AbstractCyclotides are cyclic peptides produced by plants. Due to their insecticidal properties, they are thought to be involved in host defense. Violets produce complex mixtures of cyclotides, that are characteristic for each species and variable in different environments. Herein, we utilized mass spectrometry (LC–MS, MALDI-MS), transcriptomics and biological assays to investigate the diversity, differences in cyclotide expression based on species and different environment, and antimicrobial activity of cyclotides found in violets from the Canary Islands. A wide range of different habitats can be found on these islands, from subtropical forests to dry volcano peaks at high altitudes. The islands are inhabited by the endemic Viola palmensis, V. cheiranthifolia, V. anagae and the common V. odorata. The number of cyclotides produced by a given species varied in plants from different environments. The highest diversity was noted in V. anagae which resides in subtropical forest and the lowest in V. cheiranthifolia from the Teide volcano. Transcriptome sequencing and LC–MS were used to identify 23 cyclotide sequences from V. anagae. Cyclotide extracts exhibited antifungal activities with the lowest minimal inhibitory concentrations noted for V. anagae (15.62 μg/ml against Fusarium culmorum). The analysis of the relative abundance of 30 selected cyclotides revealed patterns characteristic to both species and populations, which can be the result of genetic variability or environmental conditions in different habitats. The current study exemplifies how plants tailor their host defense peptides for various habitats, and the usefulness of cyclotides as markers for chemosystematics.

Detection and characterization of Leptospira spp. in dogs diagnosed with kidney and/or liver disease in Selangor, Malaysia

2021 ◽  
pp. 104063872110245
Author(s):  
Sabri A. Rahman ◽  
Kuan H. Khor ◽  
Siti Khairani-Bejo ◽  
Seng F. Lau ◽  
Mazlina Mazlan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Direct Detection ◽  
Bacterial Disease ◽  
Pathogenic Leptospira ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Leptospira Spp ◽  
Rrna Sequencing ◽  
The Common

Leptospirosis is a serious bacterial disease that affects both humans and animals. A wide range of symptoms have been described in humans; the disease in dogs is commonly associated with kidney and/or liver disease. In Malaysia, information about the common serovars infecting dogs is limited. Therefore, we investigated the occurrences of leptospirosis in 124 pet dogs diagnosed with kidney and/or liver disease. Blood, urine, abdominal effusion, and/or kidney and liver were collected from the dogs. Based on microscopic agglutination testing, 53 of 124 (42.7%) dogs were seropositive for leptospiral exposure. Sera were frequently positive to serovars Bataviae ( n = 12), Javanica ( n = 10), and Icterohaemorrhagiae ( n = 10). Direct detection using PCR showed that 42 of 124 (33.9%) of the whole blood and 36 of 113 (31.9%) urine samples were positive for pathogenic Leptospira spp. By PCR, 2 of 23 (9.1%) kidney and 2 of 23 (9.1%) liver were positive for pathogenic Leptospira spp. Abdominal effusion from 4 dogs were PCR-positive for pathogenic Leptospira spp. The species detected were L. interrogans, L. borgpetersenii, L. kirschneri, and L. kmetyi by partial 16S rRNA sequencing. We further identified and characterized 11 Leptospira spp. isolates from 8 dogs as serovars Bataviae, Javanica, and Australis. The mortality rate of the Leptospira-infected dogs was high (18 of 53; 34%).

The Anatomy of Justice: Forensic Medicine and Criminal Law In Nineteenth-century Egypt

1999 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 224-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khaled Fahmy
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Rule Of Law ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
Forensic Medicine ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Reform Process ◽  
Archival Material ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Common ◽  
Arabic Speaking

AbstractThe reform of the Egyptian criminal justice system in the nineteenth century traditionally has been viewed as forming an important step in the establishment of a liberal and just rule of law. By studying how forensic medicine was introduced into nineteenth-century Egypt, I argue that the need to exercise better control over the population and to monitor crime lay behind the reform process as much as liberal ideas borrowed from Europe did. Drawing on a wide range of archival material, both legal and medical, I analyze the role played by autopsy in the criminal system and argue that the practice of autopsy was viewed differentially by 'ulamā', by Arabic-speaking, French-educated doctors and by the mostly illiterate masses. And contrary to the common wisdom, I conclude that the "modernization" of the Egyptian legal system was intended not to displace the sharīa but to support it.

scholarly journals Status and conservation of the giant muntjac Megamuntiacus vuquangensis, and notes on other muntjac species in Laos

Oryx ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Timmins ◽  
T. D. Evans ◽  
Khamkhoun Khounboline ◽  
Chainoi Sisomphone
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Degradation ◽  
Range Limits ◽  
Restricted Range ◽  
Taxonomic Affinity ◽  
Red Data Book ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Data Book ◽  
The Common ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Muntiacus Muntjak

The large-antlered, or giant, muntjac Megamuntiacus vuquangensis wasdescribed from Vietnam in 1994 and found concurrently in the Annamite Mountains and nearby hill ranges of central and southern Laos. The northerly and southerly range limits are still unknown. It may occupy a wide range of habitats and is found sympatrically with the common muntjac Muntiacus muntjak. Another muntjac species, the taxonomic affinity of which is as yet undetermined, was recently discovered to occur within its range. The large-antlered muntjac is probably not threatened with extinction in the near future, but in view of its restricted range and threats from habitat degradation and hunting, it should be classified as Vulnerable in the Red Data Book. Its future in Laos is largely dependent on the recently created protected-areas system to maintain large tracts of habitat and reduce hunting pressure.

RISK FACTORS FOR REDUCING VITAMIN D SUPPLY IN ADOLESCENTS WITH ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION AND OBESITY

2021 ◽  
Vol 100 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-191
Author(s):  
S.S.K. Zeid ◽  
◽  
L.V. Yakovleva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Comparison Group ◽  
Vitamin D Insufficiency ◽  
Test System ◽  
White Coat Hypertension ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Internal Factors ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Normal Body Weight

The aim of the study is to determine the contribution of external and internal factors, such as the season, body mass index (BMI), age, sex, degree of AH, the formation of insufficiency and/or deficiency of 25 (OH)D in adolescents with arterial hypertension (AH). Materials and methods: the core group consisted of 87 adolescents with primary AH, which then were divided into two subgroups depending on BMI (Subgroup 1 – overweight and obese, Subgroup 2 – with normal body weight). The control group consisted of 23 adolescents with the phenomenon of «white coat hypertension» (WHT). The level of 25(OH)D in the blood serum was determined by immunoextraction with further with further quantitative determination by enzyme immunoassay using StarFax 2100 analyzer (USA). A DIA source Immuno assays S.A. test system. (Belgium) was used. All calculations were carried out according to the instruction in which the norm was 25(OH)D>/=30–100 ng/ml; insufficiency – 10–29 ng/ml; deficiency – > 10 ng/ml. Results: the level of 25(OH)D in peripheral blood fluctuated in a wide range – from 5,1 to 50,2 ng/ml, the median level of 25(OH)D was 17,8 ng/ml [12,2; 23,5]. According to the results of the study, only 4 (3,6%) children had a normal vitamin D level, 95 (86,4%) had vitamin D insufficiency and 11 (10%) had a deficiency. The median values of 25(OH)D in children of the comparison group were statistically significantly higher than in children with AH of the 1st and 2nd subgroups – 23,3 ng/ml [20,8; 26,0], 14,9 ng/ml [10,8; 19,5] and 17,1 ng/ml [11,8; 23,7], respectively, p=0,001. Conclusion: according to the results of the multivariate analysis, 25(OH)D in the observed adolescents depends on many factors, such as age (6,7%), gender differences (5,7%), etc. The seasons have the greatest influence on its level (62,3%) and BMI (21,4%), the least – AH (3,9%).

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