scholarly journals Writing letters and chronography in parallel: the case of Michael Glykas’ letter collection and Biblos Chronike in the 12th century

2020 ◽  
Vol 113 (3) ◽  
pp. 837-852
Author(s):  
Eirini-Sophia Kiapidou

AbstractThis paper focuses on the 12th-century Byzantine scholar Michael Glykas and the two main pillars of his multifarious literary production, Biblos Chronike and Letters, thoroughly exploring for the first time the nature of their interconnection. In addition to the primary goal, i. e. clarifying as far as possible the conditions in which these two works were written, taking into account their intertextuality, it extends the discussion to the mixture of features in texts of different literary genre, written in parallel, by the same author, based on the same material. By presenting the evidence drawn from the case of Michael Glykas, the paper attempts to stress the need to abandon the strictly applied taxonomical logic in approaching Byzantine Literature, as it ultimately prevents us from constitute the full mark of each author in the history of Byzantine culture.

2016 ◽  
pp. 74-80
Author(s):  
Roberto Mannu

Published for the first time in 1940 the André Breton’s Anthology of black humor inaugurates the great season of surrealist anthologies, which will last until late 60s. The use of the traditional form of the modern anthology by the Surrealists, does not involve into a complete acceptance of its rules, already codified since the end of the 19th century, but rather a deformation of its textual structure and of its objectives, producing a literary genre with particular characteristics. The surrealist anthology, such as those realized by André Breton, Paul Éluard, Louis Aragon and Benjamin Péret, represent an hybrid literary object with structural elements in common with the dictionary, the glossary, the anthology and the catalogue. The surrealist literary collections represent both a different approach to the history of literature and an expression of surrealist poetics.


Kavkaz-forum ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Э.Т. ГУТИЕВА

В контексте признаваемой историчности осетинского нартовского эпоса на основании рассказа англо-нормандского церковного историка XIIв. Ордерика Виталия о смерти и погребении Вильгельма Завоевателя и нартовских кадагов, посвящeнных гибели и захоронению нарта Батрадза, впервые ставится вопрос о сравнении нартовского героя Батрадза с историческим деятелем. Основное внимание уделено следующим сюжетообразующим мотивам: конфликт с народом/высшими силами; жар как причина смерти; смертельное ранение, полученное на поле брани, но не от рук врага; зловонность усопшего; упоминание названия усыпальницы; проблемы при захоронении слишком крупного человека в неподходящую ему по размерам усыпальницу; выплата выкупа за возможность захоронить героя. Решение данного вопроса во многом определяется статусом текста церковной хроники. Признание его валидности может служить основанием для рассмотрения данных нарративов как описаний одного исторического события разными средствами. Такой подход даeт возможность рассматривать алгоритмы мифологизации и институционализации прошлого в народной памяти. Таким прошлым для осетин является история их предков, сармато-аланских племeн. В родословной Вильгельма есть определенные пересечения с аланами, что подтверждается наличием множественных бретонских и нормандских родственников с именем Алан в ближайшем окружении короля. В качестве альтернативной интерпретации допускается возможность возведения текстов к одному первоисточнику, и если рассказ Ордерика является фабрикацией, подражательством существовавшей устной традиции, то отмеченные параллели можно квалифицировать как выход на поверхность архаических пластов, общих для двух традиций. Не исключается вероятность прямого заимствования, вектор, траектории распространения и время которого нуждаются в уточнении. Возможно, данные сюжетные мотивы являются произвольными совпадениями. In the context of the acknowledged historicity of the Ossetian Nart epic, based on the systemic coincidences of the story of the 12th century Anglo-Norman church historian Orderikus Vitalius about the death and burial of William the Conqueror and the Narts’ Kadags dedicated to the death and burial of the Nart Batradz with the historical hero Batradz, the question of comparing the Nart hero Batradz is raised for the first time. The main attention is paid to the following plot-forming motives: conflict with the people / higher powers; extreme heat/fire as the cause of death; mortal wound received on the battlefield, but not at the hands of the enemy; the stench of the deceased; stating the name of the burial-place; problems with burying an oversized corpse in a too narrow tomb; payment of the ransom for the opportunity to bury the hero. The solution to this issue is largely determined by the status of the text of the church chronicle. The recognition of its validity can serve as a basis for considering both types of narratives as descriptions of one historical event by different means. This approach makes it possible to consider the algorythms for the mythologization and institutionalization of the past in the people's memory. Such past for the Ossetians is the history of their ancestors, the Sarmatian-Alan tribes. In the genealogy of William there are certain intersections with the Alans, which is confirmed by the presence of multiple Breton and Norman relatives named Alan in the immediate circle of the king’s kins. As an alternative interpretation, these narrative can be traced to one primary source, and if Orderic's story is a fabrication, an imitation of the existing oral tradition, then the noted parallels can be qualified as an emergence of archaic layers common to the two traditions. The possibility of direct borrowing is not excluded, the vector, propagation trajectories and time of which need to be clarified. Less likely these plot motives are arbitrary coincidences.


Author(s):  
Udo Reinhold Jeck

In 1825, Johann Theodor Voemel published Nicholas of Methone’s (12th century) Refutatio institutionis theologicae Procli Platonici. Thus, for the first time an important document of Byzantine philosophy became accessible to researchers, which also allowed important insights into the medieval history of the reception of Proclus’ Institutio theologica in the Byzantine Empire. The essay reconstructs the genesis of this edition and the history of its early reception. While it focuses on Creuzer’s contribution to the publication of Refutatio, it also takes the achievements of Johann Theodor Voemel and Carl Ullmann into consideration. In so doing, the essay provides new findings concerning the study of Neoplatonism during the classical period of German philosophy.


2021 ◽  
pp. 64-81
Author(s):  
NADEZHDA N. TRUBNIKOVA ◽  
◽  
IGOR V. GORENKO ◽  

Monk Genshin (942-1017) went down in the history of Japanese Buddhism not only as a teacher of the Tendai school, who for the first time substantiated the teaching of Buddha Amida and the Pure Land, as a compiler of interpretations of sutras, treatises, sermons and many other works, but also as a hero of setsuwa didactic tales. Stories about him appear in the collection of legends about the miracles of the Lotus Sutra in the middle of the 11th century, then in the book of stories about the rebirth in the Pure Land and in the Konjaku monogatari shū of the early 12th century. Then, in almost all major collections of setsuwa, tales about Genshin are found, with the early detailed narratives being replaced by brief descriptions of individual episodes from his life. The stories talk about how Genshin from a temple monk became a hermit, about his relationship with his mother, about the works of the Buddhist scribe and his meetings with other monks and lay people, about miracles at the hour of his death. The peculiarity of these tales is that Genshin does not always appear in them as the main character: he often plays the more modest role of waki wanderer, a guest of other monks, priests and laity: in response to his questions, they reveal their understanding of the Buddhist path.


2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 519-546
Author(s):  
Piotr Mieszko Briks

One of the exceptionally interesting examples of a living biblical tradition, maintained by Christian, Muslim and Jewish pilgrims for over sixteen hundred years, is the history of St. Samuel monastery on the Mount of Joy. The shrine was founded in the Byzantine period, but its heyday falls on the period of the Crusades. It was from here, after the murderous journey, that the troops of the First Crusade saw Jerusalem for the first time. The knights were followed by more and more pilgrims. On the hill, called Mons Gaudii, the Premonstratensians built their monastery, which in time became a real pilgrimage center. Based on the preserved traces, the author reconstructs the Christian chapters of the history of Nabi Samuel. He recalls people, events and traditions related to it, and also the accounts of pilgrims coming here.Christians left the Mons Gaudii probably at the end of the 12th century. Worship of the prophet Samuel were taken over by Muslims and Jews. For the latter the Tomb of Prophet Samuel became one of the most important places of pilgrimage, in some periods even more important than Jerusalem itself. There were numerous disputes and conflicts about holding control over this place, there were even bloody battles. In 1967 this place was taken by the Israeli army. Over time, a national park was created in the area around the mosque, in the mosque itself was established a place of prayer for Jews, and a synagogue in the tomb crypt. A slightly forgotten sanctuary began to warm up emotions anew.


2013 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 244-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Holger Funk

In the history of botany, Adam Zalužanský (d. 1613), a Bohemian physician, apothecary, botanist and professor at the University of Prague, is a little-known personality. Linnaeus's first biographers, for example, only knew Zalužanský from hearsay and suspected he was a native of Poland. This ignorance still pervades botanical history. Zalužanský is mentioned only peripherally or not at all. As late as the nineteenth century, a researcher would be unaware that Zalužanský’s main work Methodi herbariae libri tres actually existed in two editions from two different publishers (1592, Prague; 1604, Frankfurt). This paper introduces the life and work of Zalužanský. Special attention is paid to the chapter “De sexu plantarum” of Zalužanský’s Methodus, in which, more than one hundred years before the well-known De sexu plantarum epistola of R. J. Camerarius, the sexuality of plants is suggested. Additionally, for the first time, an English translation of Zalužanský’s chapter on plant sexuality is provided.


2008 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
YAEL DARR

This article describes a crucial and fundamental stage in the transformation of Hebrew children's literature, during the late 1930s and 1940s, from a single channel of expression to a multi-layered polyphony of models and voices. It claims that for the first time in the history of Hebrew children's literature there took place a doctrinal confrontation between two groups of taste-makers. The article outlines the pedagogical and ideological designs of traditionalist Zionist educators, and suggests how these were challenged by a group of prominent writers of adult poetry, members of the Modernist movement. These writers, it is argued, advocated autonomous literary creation, and insisted on a high level of literary quality. Their intervention not only dramatically changed the repertoire of Hebrew children's literature, but also the rules of literary discourse. The article suggests that, through the Modernists’ polemical efforts, Hebrew children's literature was able to free itself from its position as an apparatus controlled by the political-educational system and to become a dynamic and multi-layered field.


This volume provides the first comprehensive overview of the extant Greek and Latin letter collections of late antiquity (ca. 300-600 C.E.). Bringing together an international team of historians, classicists, and scholars of religion, it illustrates how letter collections advertised an image of the letter writer and introduces the social and textual histories of each collection. Nearly every chapter focuses on the letter collection of a different late ancient author—from the famous (or even infamous) to the obscure—and investigates its particular issues of content, arrangement, and publication context. On the whole, the volume reveals how late antique letter collections operated as a discrete literary genre with its own conventions, transmission processes, and self-presentational agendas while offering new approaches to interpret both larger letter collections and the individual letters contained within them. Each chapter contributes to a broad argument that scholars should read letter collections as they do representatives of other late antique literary genres, as single texts made up of individual components, with larger thematic and literary characteristics that are as important as those of their component parts.


2020 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomasz Dzieńkowski ◽  
Marcin Wołoszyn ◽  
Iwona Florkiewicz ◽  
Radosław Dobrowolski ◽  
Jan Rodzik ◽  
...  

The article discusses the results of the latest interdisciplinary research of Czermno stronghold and its immediate surroundings. The site is mentioned in chroniclers’ entries referring to the stronghold Cherven’ (Tale of Bygone Years, first mention under the year 981) and the so-called Cherven’ Towns. Given the scarcity of written records regarding the history of today’s Eastern Poland, Ukraine, and Belarus in the 10th and 11th centuries, recent archaeological research, supported by geoenvironmental analyses and absolute dating, brought a significant qualitative change. In 2014 and 2015, the remains of the oldest rampart of the stronghold were uncovered for the first time. A series of radiocarbon datings allows us to refer the erection of the stronghold to the second half/late 10th century. The results of several years’ interdisciplinary research (2012-2020) introduce qualitatively new data to the issue of the Cherven’ Towns, which both change current considerations and confirm the extraordinary research potential in the archeology of the discussed region.


Author(s):  
Michael D. Gordin

Dmitrii Mendeleev (1834–1907) is a name we recognize, but perhaps only as the creator of the periodic table of elements. Generally, little else has been known about him. This book is an authoritative biography of Mendeleev that draws a multifaceted portrait of his life for the first time. As the book reveals, Mendeleev was not only a luminary in the history of science, he was also an astonishingly wide-ranging political and cultural figure. From his attack on Spiritualism to his failed voyage to the Arctic and his near-mythical hot-air balloon trip, this is the story of an extraordinary maverick. The ideals that shaped his work outside science also led Mendeleev to order the elements and, eventually, to engineer one of the most fascinating scientific developments of the nineteenth century. This book is a classic work that tells the story of one of the world's most important minds.


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