Underfilling of vacuum blood collection tubes leads to increased lactate dehydrogenase activity in serum and heparin plasma samples

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-221
Author(s):  
Nick Neuwinger ◽  
Dirk Meyer zum Büschenfelde ◽  
Rudolf Tauber ◽  
Kai Kappert
Keyword(s):  
Lactate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Blood Collection ◽  
Lactate Dehydrogenase Activity ◽  
Patient Cohort ◽  
Reference Limits ◽  
Heparin Plasma ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Blood Collection Tubes

AbstractBackgroundLactate dehydrogenase (LD) activity is routinely monitored for therapeutic risk stratification of malignant diseases, but is also prone to preanalytical influences.MethodsWe systematically analyzed the impact of defined preanalytical conditions on the hemolysis-susceptible parameters LD, potassium (K) and hemolysis index in vacuum blood collection tubes (serum [SE], heparin plasma [HP]). Blood was collected by venipuncture from healthy volunteers. Tubes were either filled or underfilled to approximately 50%, then processed directly or stored at room temperature for 4 h. Potassium (K), sodium (Na), chloride (Cl), LD, creatine kinase (CK), total cholesterol, and indices for hemolysis, icterus, and lipemia were analyzed. Filling velocity was determined in a subset of tubes. Findings in healthy volunteers were reconfirmed in an in-patient cohort (n = 74,751) that was analyzed for plasma yield and LD data distribution.ResultsLD activity was higher in HP compared to SE. Underfilling led to higher LD values (SE: +21.6%; HP: +28.3%), K (SE: +4.2%; HP: +5.3%), and hemolysis index (SE: +260.8%; HP: +210.0%), while other analytes remained largely unchanged. Filling velocity of tubes was approximately 3-fold higher in the first half compared to the second half in both HP and SE collection tubes. Importantly, plasma yield also inversely correlated with LD in routine patients. By calculating reference limits, the lowest plasma yield quartile of the patient cohort displayed LD values clearly exceeding current reference recommendations.ConclusionsUnderfilling of tubes leads to a higher proportion of blood aspirated with high velocity and relevant elevations in LD. This finding should be considered in cases of clinically implausible elevated LD activities.

scholarly journals A Comparison of Serum and Plasma Blood Collection Tubes for the Integration of Epidemiological and Metabolomics Data

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennie Sotelo-Orozco ◽  
Shin-Yu Chen ◽  
Irva Hertz-Picciotto ◽  
Carolyn M. Slupsky
Keyword(s):  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Blood Collection ◽  
Metabolomics Data ◽  
Heparin Plasma ◽  
Collection Tube ◽  
Edta Plasma ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Blood Collection Tubes ◽  
Blood Collection Tube ◽  
Citrate Plasma

Blood is a rich biological sample routinely collected in clinical and epidemiological studies. With advancements in high throughput -omics technology, such as metabolomics, epidemiology can now delve more deeply and comprehensively into biological mechanisms involved in the etiology of diseases. However, the impact of the blood collection tube matrix of samples collected needs to be carefully considered to obtain meaningful biological interpretations and understand how the metabolite signatures are affected by different tube types. In the present study, we investigated whether the metabolic profile of blood collected as serum differed from samples collected as ACD plasma, citrate plasma, EDTA plasma, fluoride plasma, or heparin plasma. We identified and quantified 50 metabolites present in all samples utilizing nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The heparin plasma tubes performed the closest to serum, with only three metabolites showing significant differences, followed by EDTA which significantly differed for five metabolites, and fluoride tubes which differed in eleven of the fifty metabolites. Most of these metabolite differences were due to higher levels of amino acids in serum compared to heparin plasma, EDTA plasma, and fluoride plasma. In contrast, metabolite measurements from ACD and citrate plasma differed significantly for approximately half of the metabolites assessed. These metabolite differences in ACD and citrate plasma were largely due to significant interfering peaks from the anticoagulants themselves. Blood is one of the most banked samples and thus mining and comparing samples between studies requires understanding how the metabolite signature is affected by the different media and different tube types.

Barricor blood collection tubes are equivalent to PST for a variety of chemistry and immunoassay analytes except for lactate dehydrogenase

2019 ◽  
Vol 496 ◽  
pp. 18-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua E. Raizman ◽  
Bobbi Lynn Goudreau ◽  
Anna K. Füzéry ◽  
George S. Cembrowski
Keyword(s):  
Lactate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Blood Collection ◽  
Blood Collection Tubes

Zero delay plasma vs. Streck cfDNA tubes: Does immediately centrifuging blood at the point of draw improve cell-free DNA signal-to-noise?

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e14529-e14529
Author(s):  
Greg Sommer ◽  
Laura Fredriksen ◽  
Gabriella Iacovetti ◽  
Kyungjin Hong ◽  
Ulrich Schaff
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Blood Collection ◽  
Signal To Noise ◽  
Blood Draw ◽  
Plasma System ◽  
Cell Free Dna ◽  
Clinical Evaluations ◽  
Free Dna ◽  
Collection Tube ◽  
Blood Collection Tubes

e14529 Background: Sample quality is a critical consideration for high fidelity cell-free DNA (cfDNA) testing. Oncological cfDNA tests used for liquid biopsy typically employ specialty blood collection tubes containing chemical preservatives to minimize degradation of samples prior to lab testing. Here we describe a newly developed device, Zero Delay Plasma– a portable centrifuge and disc system designed to immediately isolate cell-free plasma at the point of blood draw – and evaluate its performance against the Streck cfDNA collection tube. Methods: Whole blood was collected, processed, and stored at room temperature for up to 7 days with both the Zero Delay Plasma system and the Streck cfDNA blood collection tube. Sample hemolysis was measured via cell-free hemoglobin. Genomic contamination and cfDNA signal-to-noise were evaluated by qPCR and electrophoresis, comparing signal from target 150-200bp cfDNA to contaminating longer length genomic sequences in the sample. 2 sets of hemolysis experiments, 2 sets of electrophoresis experiments and 4 sets of qPCR experiments were conducted. Results: Plasma processed with the Zero Delay Plasma system yielded ~4X lower hemolysis levels, ~10X lower genomic contamination, and ~20X higher cfDNA signal-to-noise compared to the Streck cfDNA collection tube after 7 days of storage at room temperature. Conclusions: The Zero Delay Plasma system minimizes sample degradation and analytical background signal for cfDNA testing by immediately removing cells and other contaminants at the point of blood collection. Clinical evaluations are in process.

Evaluation of sample stability for cellular kinetics and pharmacodynamic flow cytometry methods

Bioanalysis ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (20) ◽  
pp. 1881-1884 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vellalore N Kakkanaiah ◽  
Fan Pan ◽  
Patrick Bennett
Keyword(s):  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
T Cells ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Basophil Activation Test ◽  
Blood Collection ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Human Whole Blood ◽  
Cellular Kinetics ◽  
Sample Stability ◽  
Blood Collection Tubes

We evaluated the sample stability for a cellular kinetics and a pharmacodynamic flow cytometry methods. First, the blood collection tubes were compared for the enumeration of chimeric antigen receptor-T cells in human whole blood. Blood samples with chimeric antigen receptor-T cells were stable up to 3 days at room temperature in both conventional EDTA and Cyto-Chex® blood collection tubes (Streck Laboratories, NE, USA), but with better consistency in Cyto-Chex-BCT than conventional EDTA tubes. Second, sample storage temperatures were compared for the basophil activation test in human whole blood samples. The samples were stable up to 3 days for basophil activation test when stored at refrigerator temperature, but not stable when stored at room temperature. It is crucial during the development of method to evaluate all the variables which might impact sample integrity.

scholarly journals Preanalytical Variables and Off-Site Blood Collection: Influences on the Results of the Prothrombin Time/International Normalized Ratio Test and Implications for Monitoring of Oral Anticoagulant Therapy

2005 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 561-568 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johanna HH van Geest-Daalderop ◽  
André B Mulder ◽  
Leandra JM Boonman-de Winter ◽  
Martha MCL Hoekstra ◽  
Anton MHP van den Besselaar
Keyword(s):  
Prothrombin Time ◽  
Anticoagulant Therapy ◽  
Oral Anticoagulant ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Oral Anticoagulant Therapy ◽  
International Normalized Ratio ◽  
Blood Collection ◽  
Ratio Test ◽  
Mechanical Agitation ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background: The quality of oral anticoagulant therapy management with coumarin derivatives requires reliable results for the prothrombin time/International Normalized Ratio (PT/INR). We assessed the effect on PT/INR of preanalytical variables, including ones related to off-site blood collection and transportation to a laboratory. Methods: Four laboratories with different combinations of blood collection systems, thromboplastin reagents, and coagulation meters participated. The simulated preanalytical variables included time between blood collection and PT/INR determinations on samples stored at room temperature, at 4–6 °C, and at 37 °C; mechanical agitation at room temperature, at 4–6 °C, and at 37 °C; time between centrifugation and PT/INR determination; and times and temperatures of centrifugation. For variables that affected results, the effect of the variable was classified as moderate when <25% of samples showed a change >10% or as large if >25% of samples showed such a change. Results: During the first 6 h after blood collection, INR changed by >10% in <25% of samples (moderate effect) when blood samples were stored at room temperature, 4–6 °C, or 37 °C with or without mechanical agitation and independent of the time of centrifugation after blood collection. With one combination of materials and preanalytical conditions, a 24-h delay at room temperature or 4–6 °C had a large effect, i.e., changes >10% in >25% of samples. In all laboratories, a 24-h delay at 37 °C or with mechanical agitation had a large effect. We observed no clinically or statistically relevant INR differences among studied centrifugation conditions (centrifugation temperature, 20 °C or no temperature control; centrifugation time, 5 or 10 min). Conclusions: We recommend a maximum of 6 h between blood collection and PT/INR determination. The impact of a 24-h delay should be investigated for each combination of materials and conditions.

Effects of storage temperature and time before centrifugation on ionized calcium in blood collected in plain vacutainer tubes and silicone-separator (SST) tubes.

1984 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 553-556 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Toffaletti ◽  
N Blosser ◽  
K Kirvan
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Ionized Calcium ◽  
Blood Collection ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Whole Blood Samples ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Blood Collection Tubes

Abstract We studied the stability of ionized calcium and pH in samples stored at either room temperature or 4 degrees C, in centrifuged and uncentrifuged blood-collection tubes and in centrifuged tubes containing a silicone-separator gel (SST tubes). At room temperature, in uncentrifuged blood from healthy individuals, mean ionized calcium usually increased no more than 10 mumol/L per hour; at 4 degrees C it did not change detectably for 70 h. This stability was fortuitous, however: the concentrations of both hydrogen and lactate ions in these samples increased, apparently with offsetting effects on the concentration of ionized calcium. Blood stored for 70 h at 4 degrees C in centrifuged SST tubes, although showing a slightly greater change in ionized calcium, had less change of pH and no change in the ionized calcium corrected to pH 7.4. In 11 heparinized whole-blood samples from eight patients in intensive care, the mean change per hour in ionized calcium and pH after storage at room temperature was +10 mumol/L and -0.04 units, respectively.

Assessing the impact of 4-oxo-2-nonenal on lactate dehydrogenase activity and myoglobin redox stability

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 101306
Author(s):  
Samuel A. Gonzales ◽  
Ronald B. Pegg ◽  
Rakesh K. Singh ◽  
Anand Mohan
Keyword(s):  
Lactate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Dehydrogenase Activity ◽  
Lactate Dehydrogenase Activity ◽  
Redox Stability ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Effect of Collection Tube Type and Preanalytical Handling on Myeloperoxidase Concentrations

2008 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 1076-1079 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessie Shih ◽  
Saul A Datwyler ◽  
Stephen C Hsu ◽  
Matthew S Matias ◽  
David P Pacenti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Whole Blood ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Heparin Plasma ◽  
Collection Tube ◽  
Coronary Syndromes ◽  
Edta Plasma ◽  
Tube Type ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Predetermined Time

Abstract Background: Myeloperoxidase (MPO) has shown potential as a marker for cardiovascular disease. Limited studies have been published with a variety of sample types, resulting in a wide range of MPO values. Little is known or understood about the impact of collection tube type and preanalytical handling of specimens for MPO determination. Method: MPO concentration was determined by use of the ARCHITECT® MPO research use assay, which is currently under development. Samples were collected into multiple anticoagulant collection tubes from donors and patients presenting to the emergency department with symptoms of acute coronary syndromes. Whole blood was stored on ice or at room temperature for predetermined time periods. We also evaluated serum and plasma after centrifugation followed by storage at room temperature, 2–8 °C, and below −10 °C. Results: Baseline sample concentrations were dependent on collection tube type as well as handling conditions. MPO concentrations were consistently higher in samples collected in serum and heparin plasma tubes than in samples in EDTA or citrate tubes. Spike recovery was acceptable in all sera and plasma tested, indicating that the increased MPO concentrations were not due directly to an anticoagulant interference. Conclusions: The collection tube type and preanalytical handling are critical for accurate and consistent MPO measurement. The preferred anticoagulant and tubes are the EDTA or EDTA plasma preparation tube. MPO concentrations in samples collected in these tubes are stable before centrifugation as whole blood as well as plasma after processing.

scholarly journals Optimization of Preanalytical Variables for cfDNA Processing and Detection of ctDNA in Archival Plasma Samples

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Marijana Nesic ◽  
Julie S. Bødker ◽  
Simone K. Terp ◽  
Karen Dybkær
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
B Cell Lymphoma ◽  
Circulating Tumor Dna ◽  
Blood Collection ◽  
Plasma Samples ◽  
Cell Free Dna ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Free Dna ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Blood Collection Tubes

DNA released from cells into the peripheral blood is known as cell-free DNA (cfDNA), representing a promising noninvasive source of biomarkers that could be utilized to manage Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma (DLBCL), among other diseases. The procedure for purification and handling of cfDNA is not yet standardized, and various preanalytical variables may affect the yield and analysis of cfDNA, including the purification kits, blood collection tubes, and centrifugation regime. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the impact of these preanalytical variables on the yield of cfDNA by comparing three different purification kits DNeasy Blood & Tissue Kit (Qiagen), QIAamp Circulating Nucleic Acid Kit (Qiagen), and Quick-cfDNA Serum & Plasma Kit (Zymo Research). Two blood collection tubes (BCTs), EDTA-K2 and Cell-Free DNA (Streck), stored at four different time points before plasma was separated and cfDNA purified, were compared, and for EDTA tubes, two centrifugation regimes at 2000 × g and 3000 × g were tested. Additionally, we have tested the utility of long-term archival blood samples from DLBCL patients to detect circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA). We observed a higher cfDNA yield using the QIAamp Circulating Nucleic Acid Kit (Qiagen) purification kit, as well as a higher cfDNA yield when blood samples were collected in EDTA BCTs, with a centrifuge regime at 2000 × g . Moreover, ctDNA detection was feasible from archival plasma samples with a median storage time of nine years.

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