Total haemoglobin – a reference measuring system for improvement of standardisation

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (8) ◽  
pp. 1314-1321
Author(s):  
Denis Grote-Koska ◽  
Rainer Klauke ◽  
Patricia Kaiser ◽  
Udo Kramer ◽  
Rainer Macdonald ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Uncertainty ◽  
Measurement Range ◽  
Measuring System ◽  
Measuring Instruments ◽  
National Metrology Institute ◽  
Reference Measuring ◽  
Target Values ◽  
Method Optimization ◽  
Total Haemoglobin ◽  
Hb Concentration

AbstractBackgroundTotal haemoglobin (Hb) concentration in blood belongs to the most requested measurands, and the HiCN method (hemiglobincyanide) is accepted as a reference. Although the reaction principle is clearly characterised, measurement conditions and settings are not consistently defined, some of them influencing the results. An improvement of standardisation is the object.MethodsAfter method optimization, measurement results between different calibration laboratories (CL) were compared with each other and also with results of the National Metrology Institute of Germany (PTB), with target values of certified reference material, within the RELA scheme, and to >1500 results from routine laboratories.ResultsOverall deviations between three CLs were ≤0.5% (n = 24 samples) in a measurement range of 20 g/L to 300 g/L. A CV of 0.4% was determined in pooled blood (1 year long-term imprecision, 99.0%–101.1% recovery of the mean). For selected measurements (n = 4 samples) the PTB participated without significant differences to three CLs, and no significant differences were observed comparing CLs to certified values of reference materials. The expanded measurement uncertainty (probability 95%) was estimated as 1.1%.ConclusionsA reference measuring system, comprising measuring instruments and other devices, including reagents and supply, to generate reference measurement values for total Hb concentration of high accuracy and low measurement uncertainty is presented. Measurement parameters are investigated and defined. The reference measuring system is ready to offer service to EQA providers and to the IVD industry for certifying control materials or calibrators.

scholarly journals Step-by-step control of target efficiency indices of the control and measuring equipment stock applied in construction and housing and communal services

2018 ◽  
Vol 170 ◽  
pp. 01010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rustam Khayrullin ◽  
Pavel Ivanov
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Finite Difference ◽  
Measuring Equipment ◽  
Technical Condition ◽  
Measuring Instruments ◽  
Finite Difference Equations ◽  
Target Values ◽  
The Mathematical Model ◽  
Step Control ◽  
Different Levels

The mathematical model is considered for the formation and implementation of development strategies of the stock of control and measuring instruments (CMI) applied in construction and housing and communal services(HCS), and step-by-step control of efficiency target values of the stock. The model is based on a system of finite - difference equations describing the change of number of the CMI samples with different levels of technical perfection and technical condition at each planning interval. The model allows calculating the required number of CMI for procurement and repairs in the various groups for provide target values of efficiency indices at each planning interval. Controller is number of modern CMI samples for procurement and number of modern and obsolete faulty CMI samples for the repairs. The results of calculations are presented.

scholarly journals Determination of the Error in Transferring of Length Unit’s Size when Measuring the Nanoparticles’ Diameter Using an Analyzer of Particles’ Differential Electrical Mobility

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 194-201
Author(s):  
V. L. Solomakho ◽  
A. A. Bagdun
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Size Distribution Function ◽  
Measuring Instruments ◽  
Random Component ◽  
Electrical Mobility ◽  
Standard Samples ◽  
Reference Measuring ◽  
Condensation Particle Counter ◽  
Uniformity Of Measurements ◽  
Unit Of Length

The quality of nanomaterials and nanotechnologies is largely determined by the stability of the applied technologies, which, to a large extent, depend on the constancy of particle sizes. In this regard, metrological problems arise that are associated both with measuring the dimensions of the microstructure of aerosols, suspensions and powders, and with ensuring the uniformity of measurements when transferring a unit of a physical quantity from a standard to working measuring instruments. The purpose of this work was to determine and calculate the error in transferring the size of a unit of length when measuring the diameter of nanoparticles.An analyzer of differential electric mobility of particles was determined as a reference measuring instrument for which the calculation was made. It allows the separation of aerosol particles based on the dependence of their electrical mobility on the particle size. In combination with a condensation particle counter, it allows you to scan an aerosol and build a particle size distribution function. This measurement method is the most accurate in the field of measuring the diameters of particles in aerosols, therefore, the error in the transmission of particle size must be set as for a standard.The paper describes the physical principles of measurement by this method and presents an equation for determining the diameter of nanoparticles. Based on this equation, the sources of non-excluded systematic error were identified. Also, an experimental method was used to determine the random component of the measurement error of nanoparticles and to calculate the error in transferring the size of a unit of length when measuring the diameter of nanoparticles.The obtained results will be used for metrological support of standard samples of particle size, ensuring traceability of measurements of aerosol particle counters and for aerosol research.

Comparisons of the reference measuring instruments of surface parameters

Metrologia ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 52 (1A) ◽  
pp. 04012-04012
Author(s):  
Vladimir Kupko ◽  
Valeriy Lysenko
Keyword(s):  
Measuring Instruments ◽  
Reference Measuring ◽  
Surface Parameters

Report 20: Developments in the Measurement of Oil-Film Thickness in Dynamically Loaded Bearings

1967 ◽  
Vol 182 (7) ◽  
pp. 105-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. E. Butcher
Keyword(s):  
Film Thickness ◽  
Review Paper ◽  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
Measuring System ◽  
Measuring Instruments ◽  
Practical Case ◽  
Oil Film ◽  
Dynamically Loaded ◽  
Recording Analysis ◽  
Further Development

This report describes the development of a capacitive system for the measurement of oil-film thickness in big-end and centre main bearings of a 600 h.p., 600 rev/min, diesel engine. The object of this work was to compare the theoretical prediction of bearing behaviour with the practical case. Engineering aspects of these measurements are given in the 1967 Institution of Mechanical Engineers Review Paper on dynamically loaded bearings. Reasons for the development of this system are given, along with a description of measurement techniques, including transmission of signals from the moving big-end to the measuring instruments. Data recording, analysis, and presentation of results are also described. One of the most significant features of this work was the manner in which the bearing distorted during an engine cycle. This has shown the need for further experimental measurements, which in turn have made it necessary for further development or partial automation of the measuring system.

scholarly journals A Gyro-Free System for Measuring the Parameters of Moving Objects

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 263-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimitar Dichev ◽  
Hristofor Koev ◽  
Totka Bakalova ◽  
Petr Louda
Keyword(s):  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Moving Objects ◽  
Measuring System ◽  
Measurement Channel ◽  
Measuring Instruments ◽  
Additional Measurement ◽  
Free System ◽  
Six Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Measurement Concept

Abstract The present paper considers a new measurement concept of modeling measuring instruments for gyro-free determination of the parameters of moving objects. The proposed approach eliminates the disadvantages of the existing measuring instruments since it is based, on one hand, on a considerably simplified mechanical module, and on the other hand, on the advanced achievements in the area of nanotechnologies, microprocessor and computer equipment. A specific measuring system intended for measuring the trim, heel, roll, and pitch of a ship has been developed in compliance with the basic principles of this concept. The high dynamic accuracy of this measuring system is ensured by an additional measurement channel operating in parallel with the main channel. The operating principle of the additional measurement channel is based on an appropriate correction algorithm using signals from linear MEMS accelerometers. The presented results from the tests carried out by means of stand equipment in the form of a hexapod of six degrees of freedom prove the effectiveness of the proposed measurement concept

IEC 60060-1 Requirements in Impulse Current Waveform Parameters

2006 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuji Sato ◽  
Tatsuya Harada ◽  
Masahiro Hanai
Keyword(s):  
Measuring System ◽  
Polarity Reversal ◽  
Current Waveform ◽  
Current Generator ◽  
Reference Measuring ◽  
Output Waveform ◽  
Time Parameters ◽  
Parameter Values ◽  
Impulse Current ◽  
Peak Value

There are IEC 60060-1 requirements on three impulse current waveforms. For the damped-oscillating waves, margins of the front time T1 and the time to half the peak T2 are 10 per cent whilst any value after the polarity reversal has to be less than 20 per cent of the peak value. Authors have tried to construct impulse current calibrator for reference measuring system, which would generate a waveform having the time parameters quite close to ideals. After numerous simulations in selecting values for circuit composing components, authors came to an impression that a damped-oscillating current generator whose output waveform has parameter values close to standard, cannot be realised. In the paper, authors' "impression" is theoretically proved and mathematically possible margins for the parameters are to be presented in detail.

Evaluation of Measurement Uncertainty for High Precision Gear Involute Profile Measuring System

2010 ◽  
Vol 97-101 ◽  
pp. 4265-4270
Author(s):  
Yong Ma ◽  
Kuo Wang ◽  
Ke Hong Li ◽  
Li Ding Wang
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Measurement Uncertainty ◽  
High Precision ◽  
Optical System ◽  
High Accuracy ◽  
Measuring System ◽  
Electronic Control ◽  
Mechanical Parts ◽  
Electronic Control System ◽  
Inspection Process

This paper is concerned with an effective way to evaluate the measurement uncertainty for high precision gear involute profile measuring system in the gear testing centre Mahr891E which was improved both in numerical-electronic control system and mechanical parts . Optical system was used during the inspection process in this paper. The precision of involute profile measuring system in this gear testing centre was known to be available to test gear with high accuracy grade.

Dynamic Calibration for Measurement System of Form Measuring Instruments Based on Elliptical Standard

2017 ◽  
Vol 870 ◽  
pp. 203-208
Author(s):  
Jing Zhi Huang ◽  
Teng Hui Guo ◽  
Jiu Bin Tan ◽  
Tao Sun
Keyword(s):  
Measurement System ◽  
Measurement Data ◽  
Vibration Signal ◽  
Major Axis ◽  
Calibration Method ◽  
Measuring System ◽  
Measuring Instruments ◽  
Dynamic Calibration ◽  
Pass Filter ◽  
Low Pass Filter

A dynamic calibration method based on elliptical standard was put forward to further improve the calibration repeatability of measurement system of form measuring instruments. In this method, the radius difference of the major axis to the minor axis of elliptic contour acts as the standard value to calibrate the measuring system, and a low pass filter is used to filter the roughness, electrical noise and high frequency vibration signal which mixed into measurement data, the elliptic contour feature can be obtained accurately based on the low order harmonic properties. Compared with the traditional calibration method of flick standard, the proposed method ensure the calibration state is well consistent with the normal measuring state of the measuring system. Experimental results indicate that the calibration repeatability with 10nm can be achieved by measuring an elliptical standard. This method has been used in the calibration of measurement system of self-made ultra-precision cylindricity measuring instrument.

scholarly journals Study of non-invasive instruments for the measurement of pulsed X-ray high voltage tube

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Agazar ◽  
Denis Perrillat ◽  
Hanane Saadeddine ◽  
Christophe Robert ◽  
Laurence Casteignau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Exposure Time ◽  
High Voltage ◽  
Dynamic Performance ◽  
Measuring System ◽  
National Metrology Institute ◽  
Diagnostic Quality ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Set Up ◽  
High Voltage Generator

Non-invasive instruments (kVp meters) are widely used in radiology with diagnostic and guidance systems. Placed in the x-ray beam, they combine detectors and filters, to determine X-ray tube voltage and exposure time, which are the most important quantities in radiology and diagnostic quality control. Calibration of these instruments were limited by reference bench capabilities. General Electric Medical System France and LNE (The national metrology institute in France) have developed a reference bench for the characterization of kVp meters. The set up includes a fast high voltage generator associated with its internal measuring systems and an X-ray tube. The measurements are compared with an invasive reference standard. The set-up is installed in a Faraday cage, precautions have been taken in order to carry out accurate measurements and special adaptations have been made to avoid stray capacitances, which affect the dynamic performance of the generator. Results have shown a good agreement with the internal measuring system of the generator but the kVp meters have shown both good and bad results depending the exposure time, the current and the positioning.

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