The effects of extracorporeal cardiopulmonary circulation on serum total and free prostate specific antigen levels

2005 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yılmaz Aksoy ◽  
Hülya Aksoy ◽  
Münacettin Ceviz ◽  
Ahmet Yavuz Balcı ◽  
Güray Okyar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Specific Antigen ◽  
Extracorporeal Circulation ◽  
Artery Bypass ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Ischemic Damage ◽  
Group I ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Baseline Values ◽  
Group Ii

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate whether or not there is an increase in serum total and free prostate specific antigen levels (t-PSA, f-PSA) in patients with and without benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) undergoing extracorporeal circulation during cardiovascular bypass. The study included a total of 50 men. Of these, 35 patients underwent elective coronary artery bypass grafting with extracorporeal circulation [with (n=20, group I) and without (n=15, group II) BPH]. Another 15 patients underwent renal or ureteral surgery (group III) and served as a control group. Serum t-PSA and f-PSA levels were measured before surgery and 3h and 3days after surgery. All patients underwent urethral catheterization 24h before surgery. In groups I and II, patients had an increase in t-PSA 3h after surgery compared to baseline values (p=0.0001 and p=0.011, respectively). Also, 3days after surgery, mean t-PSA levels were higher than baseline levels (p=0.004) in group I. Serum t-PSA levels were higher at 3h than at day 3 in groups I and II (p=0.003 and p=0.02, respectively). Mean serum f-PSA levels obtained 3h after surgery were increased in both groups I and II when compared to baseline values (p=0.0001 and p=0.001, respectively). There was no significant difference between f-PSA values before and 3days after surgery in all groups. In the control group, there was no significant increase in either serum t-PSA or f-PSA levels obtained at different times. There was a modest increase in the percentage of free prostate specific antigen (% f-PSA) 3h after the operation in group II (p=0.025); the values returned to baseline within 3days. It was suggested that t-PSA and f-PSA serum levels increase due to extracorporeal cardiopulmonary circulation as a consequence of ischemic damage to the prostate. In patients with BPH, this rise may be higher than in those without BPH, because BPH patients generally have larger prostate volumes that may be more vulnerable to ischemic damage. Because f-PSA has a shorter half-life, postsurgical levels of f-PSA may not show this ischemic damage to the prostate during the late postoperative period and f-PSA appears to be cleared more rapidly than t-PSA.

scholarly journals DIFFERENCE IN SERUM PSA LEVEL AND IIEF-5 BEFORE AND AFTER TURP IN BPH PATIENTS WITHOUT URINARY RETENTION

2012 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zulfian Hasibuan ◽  
Soetojo Wirjopranoto ◽  
Wahjoe Djatisoesanto ◽  
Widodo J Pujiraharjo
Keyword(s):  
Erectile Dysfunction ◽  
Prostate Specific Antigen ◽  
Transurethral Resection ◽  
Prostate Volume ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Group I ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Group Ii

Objective: Determine change in serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5) following transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP). Material & Method: Eighteen men with age range of 50 – 69 years, were divided in two groups, group I 50-59 years (mean 56,5) and group II 60-69 years (mean 67,2). Both groups underwent measurement of serum PSA and IIEF-5 pre-operative, and repeated at 30, 60, and 90 days after TURP. Results: Level of serum PSA after TURP is decreased in most patients after 30, 60, and 90 days (72%, 72% and 78%). Mean value of PSA pre-operatively is 5,3 ± 3,3 ng/ml. After TURP, serum PSA level was 3,5 ± 3,0 ng/ml (30 days); 2,9 ± 2,9 ng/ml (60 days) and 1,8 ± 1,3ng/ml (90 days). Pre-operative PSA level was significantly decreased in Group I during the 60 and 90 days post TURP, while in Group II pre-operative PSA level was significantly decreased only in 90 days of observation. Overall there is no significant difference in PSA levels in both groups (p > 0,05). The decrease of PSA per gram resected in 30, 60, and 90 days were 0,10 ng/ml; 0,16 ng/ml and 0,24 ng/ml consecutively. There is no change in normal IIEF-5 score. Decrease of the IIEF-5 score in group I was measured at 30 days, but the score increased after 60 and 90 days. Meanwhile Group II showed decrease of IIEF-5 score. Pre-operative IIEF-5 score compared to the 30 days post TURP was significantly different but not significantly different compared with to score at 60 and 90 days. In Group I IIEF-5 score was significantly higher compared to Group II (p < 0,05). Prostatitis was found in 8 patients, but there is no difference in serum PSA level decrease between patients with or without prostatitis. Conclusion: There was significant decrease in serum PSA after TURP in BPH patients with LUTS at every measurement at 30, 60, and 90 days. PSA level after TURP depends on various factors, including pre-operative PSA, pre-operative prostate volume and prostate volume resected. Incidence of erectile dysfunction post TURP was low. Keywords: Prostate-specific antigen, benign prostatic hyperplasia, transurethral resection of the prostate, erectile dysfunction.

scholarly journals Value of Entheseal Ultrasonography and Serum Cartilage Oligomeric Matrix Protein in the Preclinical Diagnosis of Psoriatic Arthritis

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. CMAMD.S4461 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanan Mohamed Farouk ◽  
Afaf Abdel Alim Mostafa ◽  
Sahar S. Youssef ◽  
Moataz Mohammed Samy Elbeblawy ◽  
Naglaa Youssef Assaf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psoriatic Arthritis ◽  
Cartilage Oligomeric Matrix Protein ◽  
Matrix Protein ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group I ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Preclinical Diagnosis ◽  
Group Ii

Objective To evaluate the utility of entheseal ultrasonography and serum COMP in the preclinical diagnosis of psoriatic arthritis. Methods 60 psoriatic patients were divided into: 30 patients with psoriasis (group I) and 30 patients with psoriatic arthritis as control (group II). They underwent independent clinical and ultrasonographic examination of both lower limbs at the calcaneal insertions of Achilles tendons. Psoriatic arthritis disease activity and severity was assessed by modified DAS28 and Steinbrockers scores. Serum levels of COMP were measured for all patients by ELISA. Results On clinical examination, no entheseal abnormalities were detected in group I while they were present in 23.3% of group II with statistically significant difference between them ( P < 0.001). Ultrasonographic entheseal abnormalities were detected in 33.3% of group I and in 46.7% of group II with no significant difference between them ( P > 0.05). Serum COMP were significantly elevated in group I and II with no statistically significant difference between them (mean ± SD 5.9 ± 3 and 6.8 ± 12 respectively, P > 0.05). Entheseal ultrasound was more specific (67%) while serum COMP was more sensitive (87%) in the preclinical diagnosis of psoriatic arthritis. Serum COMP levels were significantly correlated with CRP in both groups and with DAS28 and Steinbrockers scores in group II ( P < 0.01). Conclusion Entheseal ultrasonography and serum COMP levels may be used complementary to each other for preclinical diagnosis of psoriatic arthritis. Serum COMP seems to be promising prognostic marker for psoriatic arthritis patients.

The Role of sFas in the Immune Escape Mechanism and Progression of Cancer Larynx

2009 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. CMENT.S2565
Author(s):  
Amr A El Badry ◽  
Ismail Elmofty ◽  
Amira Helmy
Keyword(s):  
Serum Level ◽  
Buffy Coat ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Soluble Fas ◽  
Group I ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Cancer Larynx ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group Ii

This work assess serum levels of soluble Fas form (sFas) in patients with different stages of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma(LSCC) to investigate its prognostic significance. We correlate its levels with the morphological changes of peripheral blood cells via buffy coat examinatin. The study population included 70 patients clinically diagnosed and pathohistologically confirmed LSCC in addition to 20 healthy controls. According to TNM classification 33(47.1%) patients were in stage I (group I) and 24(34.3%) in stage II (group II), 13(18.5%) in stage III (group III). The results revealed that the mean serum level of sFas (pg/ml) in the control group was 51.2, in group I was 66.33, in group II was 81.33 and in group III was 112.45. Statistical analysis of the mean of sFas by ELISA test in the patients' groups in comparison to the control revealed a significant increase of both group II and III in comparison to the control group (P < 0.01) but there was no significant difference (P > 0.05) between group I in comparison to either the control or group II. There was a significant difference (P < 0.05) between group I in comparison to group III. LM examination revealed massive extent of the apoptotic cells in group III when compared to both group I and group II. EM examination of the buffy coat revealed apoptotic changes, mainly in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNCs), represented by surface membrane ruffles and blebs with clumped nuclear chromatin and vacuolated cytoplasm. In conclusion, this study may help us to better understand one of the escape mechanisms in cancer larynx. This mechanism is represented by the significant increase in both the serum level of sFas and the morphological apoptotic changes that detected in PBMNCs. Soluble Fas may contribute to the progression of laryngeal cancer. It can be used as an attractive target for anticancer therapy and may be considered as a marker of disease progression and poor prognosis in laryngeal cancer.

scholarly journals EFFECTS OF TRAINING SIDE HOP OVER BARRIER WITH DUMBELL AND HEXAGON WITH DUMBELL ON LEG STRENGTH AND LEG POWER

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 46
Author(s):  
Nur Akbari ◽  
Oce Wiriawan ◽  
Nining Widyah Kusnanik
Keyword(s):  
Control Group ◽  
Percentage Increase ◽  
Design Data ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Strength Group ◽  
Leg Strength ◽  
Group I ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Group Ii

This study was conducted at 45 students of SMAN 1 Cerme with aged between 15-16 years old. Students were  divided into 3 groups. the type of research used quantitative with quasi-experimental approach. Instruments of this study were test of leg strength and leg power using Leg Dynamometer and  Jump MD. The research design used matching only design. Data was anlyzed using ANOVA. The results of the  research was found that training program side hop over  barrier with dumbell and hexagon with  dumbbell significantly increase at leg strength and leg power (Sig. 0.000 <α = 0.05). Group I, Group II and Group III had significant difference (Sig. 0.000 α = 0.005). Percentage increase in leg strength group 1 of 1,80% and leg  power of 15,49%. Percentage increase in leg strength group II of  1,68% and a power of 14,27% and whereas in the control group increase in leg strength was 1.67% power at 12.32%.It can be concluded that There was an increase in leg strength and leg power in each group after the training was given. In addition, there were differences among the three groups effects seen improved in leg strength and leg power through ANOVA, where the training side hop over barrier with dumbbell and hexagon with dumbell had increased in leg strength and leg   power. But side hop over barrier with dumbbell had more significant increased than hexagon with dumbbell. Key words: Side hop over with barrier dumbell,  hexagon with dumbell, leg strength and leg power.

scholarly journals Prostate-specific antigen and (free prostate-specific antigen/ prostate-specific antigen) ratio in patients with Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia and Prostate Cancer

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (01) ◽  
pp. 17-25
Author(s):  
Amal A. Hussein ◽  
Rayah S. Baban ◽  
Alaa G. Hussein
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Prostate Specific Antigen ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Control ◽  
Control Study

Background: Prostate cancer is one of the most common cancers in menworldwide. Many markers are suggested as markers of prostate cancer with differentspecificity and sensitivity.Objective : The present study’s main aim is to examine the possible utility ofprostate-specific antigen indices as markers of prostate cancer.Methods: A case-control study was conducted in the Department of Chemistry andBiochemistry, College of Medicine, Al- Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq from July2018 till March 2019, includes 84 subjects divided into three groups:Twenty Four patients with prostate cancer (PCA), thirty patients with benignprostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and thirty healthy subjects as a control group wereexamined in this study.Thirty healthy volunteer subjects were asked to be involved in this study as a controlgroup. Blood samples from these patients were collected before obtaining a prostaticbiopsy. Serum PSA, fPSA levels were quantified by the ELISA technique.Results: PSA cut-off value was found to be more than 9.57 ng/ml for Prostate Cancerpatients, values range between 3.17 - 9.57 ng/ml for BPH patients and cut-off valuefor control was found to be less than 3.17 ng/ml, while serum (fPSA/PSA) % cut-offvalue was less than 11.1% for Prostate Cancer patients, values range between 11.1% -31 % for BPH patients, and cut-off value was greater than 31% for the control group.Conclusion: There is a highly significant difference in serum PSA levels and(fPSA/PSA)% between the prostate cancer and control groups. Body mass indexshowed an inverse association with the risk of prostate cancer.

scholarly journals Study on individualized prostate biopsy guided by prostate specific antigen at different ranges

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-12
Author(s):  
Jin-Qi Song ◽  
Ya-Nan Zhou ◽  
Gang-Liang Tu ◽  
Hui Xu ◽  
Meng Ding
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Specific Antigen ◽  
Prostate Biopsy ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Research Subjects ◽  
Early Screening ◽  
Diagnostic Efficacy ◽  
Positive Expression ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
The Difference

Background: Prostate specific antigen (PSA) is the most commonly used indicator for screening of prostate cancer(PCa), and the studies on PSA in PCa are very extensive at present. How to effectively use this indicator is worth for further study which this article wish to address.  Objective: The aim of this study is to explore how PSA in different ranges can better guide the individualized prostate biopsy.  Methods: A total of 117 patients with suspected PCa admitted to the Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College from October 2018 to July 2020 were selected as the research subjects. PSA level and ratio of free and total PSA (F/TPSA) value of each patient were measured, and ultrasound-guided transrectal prostate biopsy was conducted for each patient, and then the PSA measurement results were compared with the prostate biopsy results.  Results: The result of biopsy was PCa in 40 cases, BPH in 77 cases. The positive expression rates of Group I in BPH and PCa patients were 25.97% and 87.50%, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05).The positive expression rates of Group II in BPH and PCa patients were 10.39% and 75.00%, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and diagnostic coincidence rates of Group I and Group II were 87.50%, 74.03%, 63.63%, 78.63% and 75.00%, 89.61%, 78.94% and 84.62%, respectively.  Conclusion: Under different TPSA intervals, F/T < 0.16 has different diagnostic efficacy for PCa. Group I is more sensitive and suitable for early screening. Group II has stronger specificity in the diagnosis of PCa, Higher diagnostic coincidence rate, and has more diagnostic advantages before biopsy. Selecting Group II can help clinicians make more patient-friendly decisions and reduce the incidence of complications related to biopsy. According to patients’ aspiration for biopsy, auxiliary examinations such as magnetic resonance scan of prostate and bone scan should be performed actively for patients who meet the criteria I if they refuse to undergo biopsy. On the premise of not affecting PCa secondary prevention as much as possible, a more individualized biopsy plan was developed for patients. 

scholarly journals An in vitro comparative Evaluation of Fracture Strength of Roots Instrumentated with Self-adjusting File and Reciproc Reciprocating File, with and without Obturation

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-25
Author(s):  
Pooja Kabra
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Strength ◽  
Comparative Evaluation ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group V ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group Ii

ABSTRACT Aim The purpose of this study was to evaluate the fracture strength of roots instrumented with the self-adjusting file (SAF; ReDent-Nova, Ra'anana, Israel) and the Reciproc reciprocating file and that were and were not obturated using the warm vertical lateral compaction technique. Materials and methods In total, 75 mandibular premolar teeth were sectioned at or below the cementoenamel junction to obtain roots 13 mm in length. The roots were balanced with respect to buccolingual and mesiodistal diameters and weight. They were distributed into four experimental groups and one control group (n = 15): No instrumentation (group I), instrumentation with SAF files but no obturation (group II), instrumentation with SAF files and obturated with warm vertical lateral compaction (group III), instrumentation with Reciproc File but no obturation (group IV), and instrumentation with Reciproc File and obturated with warm vertical lateral compaction (group V). AH Plus sealer (Dentsply DeTrey, Konstanz, Germany) was used along with gutta-percha points. One week later, a vertical load was applied to the specimen's canal until fracture occurred. Data were statistically analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (p = 0.05). Results The mean fracture load was 312.83 N for group I, 297.35 N for group II, 359.15 N for group III, 231.51 N for group IV, and 275.81 N for group V. Conclusion The fracture resistances exhibited a statistically significant difference between all the groups. Teeth instrumented by SAF exhibited a better fracture resistance. How to cite this article Tyagi S, Choudhary E, Kabra P, Chauhan R. An in vitro comparative Evaluation of Fracture Strength of Roots Instrumentated with Self-adjusting File and Reciproc Reciprocating File, with and without Obturation. Int J Clin Dent Res 2017;1(1):20-25.

scholarly journals Synergistic Effects of Growth Factor, Bone Graft, and Resorbable Barrier Membrane in Management of Dehiscence and Fenestration of Dental Implants

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 177-182
Author(s):  
Umesh P Verma
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Bone Graft ◽  
Dental Implants ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Barrier Membrane ◽  
Group I ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group Ii

ABSTRACT Aim The present study was primarily designed to evaluate the outcome of guided bone graft regeneration in peri-implant defects by combining recombinant human platelet-derived growth factor-BB (rhPDGF-BB) and granules of beta-tricalcium phosphate (B-TCP) mounted by resorbable biomesh membrane. Secondary objective was to determine the value of resorbable barrier membrane to improve the efficacy of the growth factormediated regeneration. Materials and methods A randomized controlled study comprised 14 participants (8 males and 6 females, mean age 37 years, range 19—55 years), in which a total of 15 implants (10 in maxilla and 5 in the mandible) were placed. Fifteen implant sites were randomly divided by picking a code into three groups: Test group I (n = 5) ß-TCP + rhPDGF (0.3 mg/mL) + biomesh, test group II (n = 5) ß-TCP + rhPDGF, and control (n = 5) ß-TCP + biomesh. The experimental site was examined clinically for the gingival status and radiographically for the bone status. Results Statistically significant difference in preoperative and postoperative measurements was observed for test groups I and II in all the parameters except width; in contrast, there was no significant difference observed for the control group from baseline to 5 months postoperatively. On intergroup comparison, statistically significant difference was observed between test group I vs control group and test group II vs control group, but it was not significant between test groups I and II, which was further confirmed using global performance scale score. Conclusion It concluded that rhPDGF-BB and ß-TCP mounted by resorbable biomesh membrane played a synergistic role in the management of peri-implant defects. Clinical significance Bone regenerated using ß-TCP with rhPDGF-BB in the reversal of peri-implant defects. How to cite this article Arora R, Verma UP, Dixit J, Lal N. Synergistic Effects of Growth Factor, Bone Graft, and Resorbable Barrier Membrane in Management of Dehiscence and Fenestration of Dental Implants. World J Dent 2017;8(3):177-182.

scholarly journals COMPARISON OF ARTHROCENTESIS PLUS PLATELET RICH PLASMA WITH ARTHROCENTESIS ALONE IN THE TREATMENT OF TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINT DYSFUNCTION

2021 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 1377-81
Author(s):  
Humaira Sarwar ◽  
Irfan Shah ◽  
Ali Akhtar Khan ◽  
Muhammad Afzal ◽  
Adnan Babar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Combination Therapy ◽  
Temporomandibular Joint ◽  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
Maxillofacial Surgery ◽  
Mouth Opening ◽  
Military Hospital ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group I ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group Ii

Objective: To evaluate the role of combination therapy of platelet rich plasma (PRP) with arthrocentesis and to compare it with arthrocentesis alone in the temporomandibular dysfuction (TMD) patients.Study Design: Quasi experimental study.Place and Duration of Study: Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery department, Armed Forces Institute of Dentistry, Combined Military Hospital Rawalpindi, from Jan 2017 to Jun 2019.Methodology: Forty-two patients diagnosed with refractory unilateral temporomandibular dysfuction, were included in the study. Patients were divided in two groups with 21 temporomandibular joints in each. Arthrocentesis alone was the control group (group I) and arthrocentesis with intra-articular injection of platelet rich plasma (group II) was the study group. Treatment outcomes were assessed and compared for all patients based on clinical parameters of pre and post treatment; for pain, maximal mouth opening and temporomandibular joint clicking sounds. Results: Out of 42 patients, 33 (79%) were females and 9 (21%) were males with mean age of 34.3 ± 8.4 years. There was statistically significant difference in both groups for all variables. The p-value of maximum mouth opening of both groups before and after treatment was 0.746 and 0.01, joint clicking sounds were present in 69% of our patients before the treament and it reduced to 14% after the treatment. There was marked gradual decrease in pain of both groups, group I (6.48 ± 1.470 to 1.81 ± 0.602) and group II (7.29 ± 1.007 to 1.19 ± 0.402). Conclusion: Combination therapy of platelet rich plasma with arthrocentesis is more effective treatment method than.......

scholarly journals Influence of Internal Thoracic Artery Harvesting on Sternal Osteoblastic Activity and Perfusion

Diagnostics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 921
Author(s):  
Sergey Mamchur ◽  
Yuri Vecherskii ◽  
Tatiana Chichkova
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Internal Thoracic Artery ◽  
Bypass Graft ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Emission Computed Tomography ◽  
Osteoblastic Activity ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group Ii

The purpose of this study was to assess the sternal osteoblastic activity and perfusion in the early period after a coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) using single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and three-phasic dynamic scintigraphy (3PDS) with 99mTc methylene diphosphonate (MDP). Methods: The study group consisted of 57 male patients that were 57.3 ± 6.6 years of age. Thirty-six of them were randomized into two groups: in group I (n = 18), the internal thoracic artery (ITA) was skeletonized, and in group II (n = 18), the ITA was pedicled. All the patients in groups I and II underwent an off-pump CABG using 1.7 ± 0.3 grafts, including one anastomosis of the ITA to the left anterior descending coronary artery. The control group III (n = 21) consisted of patients that underwent mitral valve repair surgery, in whom the sternotomy without the ITA harvesting was performed. The 3PDS and SPECT of the thorax with 99mTc MDP were performed 2 weeks after surgery. Results: The sternal phosphates uptake in group I was approximately twice as high as in group II and approximately 1.5 times higher than in group III (p < 0.05). The MDP uptake asymmetry after the ITA skeletonization was the same as in the group with both intact ITAs. In contrast, after the pedicled ITA harvesting, the osteoblastic activity of the ipsilateral side of the sternum was lower than in the contralateral one. There was no statistically significant difference in scintillation count in the xiphoid process between groups I and II (p > 0.05); however, we observed a significant difference in the manubrium and body (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The main factor that improved the sternal perfusion after a CABG was the preservation of branches supplying the sternum using the skeletonization technique of ITA harvesting.

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