scholarly journals Antibiotic-loaded nonwovens as protection against implant-associated infection

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 411-414
Author(s):  
Stefan Oschatz ◽  
Sabine Illner ◽  
Thomas Reske ◽  
Klaus-Peter Schmitz ◽  
Franziska Woitschach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Local Inhibition ◽  
Antibiotic Drug ◽  
Implant Coating ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Local Antibiotic

Abstract Implant-associated infections still must be considered as a major risk factor and represent a significant threat to the well-being of patients. The detection of such complications is often late, making therapy at this stage difficult. However, the common route of systemic antibiotic prophylaxis can be associated with numerous side effects on the patient or even lead to resistant strains of bacteria. In this context, local antibiotic drug load is a promising way to protect implants against pathogen adhesion and biofilm formation. This work addresses the incorporation of the antibiotic Doxycycline into a biodegradable nonwoven matrix as potential implant coating. While the nonwoven matrix itself displayed already inhibitory effects on Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) biofilm formation in vitro, this effect was even more pronounced by the incorporation of Doxycycline. Antibiotic loaded nonwovens display the possibility for local inhibition of biofilm formation. In the shape of an implant coating, this may further help to avoid implantassociated infections. Nevertheless, as pathogens vary in shape and type, further adjustments have to be performed to improve wide-ranging protective effects

scholarly journals Candida albicans Biofilm Inhibition by Two Vaccinium macrocarpon (Cranberry) Urinary Metabolites: 5-(3′,4′-DihydroxyPhenyl)-γ-Valerolactone and 4-Hydroxybenzoic Acid

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 1492
Author(s):  
Emerenziana Ottaviano ◽  
Giovanna Baron ◽  
Laura Fumagalli ◽  
Jessica Leite ◽  
Elisa Adele Colombo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Urinary Metabolites ◽  
Hydroxybenzoic Acid ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Candida Spp ◽  
Biofilm Inhibition ◽  
Strain Sc5314 ◽  
Candida Infections ◽  
Dose Dependent

Candida spp. are pathobionts, as they can switch from commensals to pathogens, responsible for a variety of pathological processes. Adhesion to surfaces, morphological switch and biofilm-forming ability are the recognized virulence factors promoting yeast virulence. Sessile lifestyle also favors fungal persistence and antifungal tolerance. In this study, we investigated, in vitro, the efficacy of two urinary cranberry metabolites, 5-(3′,4′-dihydroxy phenyl)-γ-valerolactone (VAL) and 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (4-HBA), in inhibiting C. albicans adhesion and biofilm formation. Both the reference strain SC5314 and clinical isolates were used. We evaluated biomass reduction, by confocal microscopy and crystal violet assay, and the possible mechanisms mediating their inhibitory effects. Both VAL and 4-HBA were able to interfere with the yeast adhesion, by modulating the expression of key genes, HWP1 and ALS3. A significant dose-dependent reduction in biofilm biomass and metabolic activity was also recorded. Our data showed that the two cranberry metabolites VAL and 4-HBA could pave the way for drug development, for targeting the very early phases of biofilm formation and for preventing genitourinary Candida infections.

scholarly journals Inhibition of Biofilm Formation in Bacteria by Essential Oils: تثبيط تكون البيوفيلم في البكتيريا بواسطة الزيوت العطرية

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mashaeal Saud Alshilawi, Howard Foster
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Research Question ◽  
In Vitro Test ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Anova Analysis ◽  
Black Seed ◽  
Vitro Test

The formation of S. epidermidis and P. aeruginosa biofilms were successfully inhibited in the presence of sub-inhibitory concentrations of S. aromaticum (clove) and L. angustifolia (lavender) essential oils. These substances achieved good in-vitro test results. On the other hand, pure and organic types of N. sativa (black seed) essential oil did not exhibit any inhibitory effects on the biofilm formed by the tested bacteria. Although the tested essential oils may share a similar mechanism of action, ANOVA analysis showed strong statistical differences between all essential oils at their sub-MIC levels, and also identified two different trends, biofilm inhibitors, represented by S. aromaticum (clove) and L. angustifolia (lavender) oils, and biofilm stimulators, represented by both types of N. sativa (black seed) oils. A more thorough perspective on the research question could be achieved by considering the various elements that have essentially contributed to the processes and the findings within this study.

scholarly journals Shin’iseihaito (Xinyiqingfeitang) Suppresses the Biofilm Formation of Streptococcus pneumoniae In Vitro

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masaaki Minami ◽  
Toru Konishi ◽  
Hiroshi Takase ◽  
Toshiaki Makino
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Cell Surface ◽  
Bacterial Cell ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Antibiofilm Activity ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Crude Drugs

Streptococcus pneumoniae (S. pneumoniae) is the important pathogen that causes otolaryngeal diseases such as sinusitis. S. pneumoniae frequently forms the biofilm to prevent severe circumstances such as antimicrobial agents. Shin’iseihaito (xinyiqingfeitang) is a formula of Japanese traditional Kampo medicine that has 9 crude drugs and provides the medicinal usage for sinusitis. The objective of the present study is to reveal the mechanism of antibiofilm activity by Shin’iseihaito extract (SSHT). SSHT significantly inhibited the formation of biofilm from S. pneumoniae ATCC 49619 in dose- and time-dependent manners. SSHT also significantly suppressed the biofilm formation by other five different cps types of S. pneumoniae clinical isolates. We found that the extracts of 8 out of 9 components in Shin’iseihaito had the inhibitory effects of biofilm formation, and the extract of the root of Scutellaria baicalensis had the strongest effect among the ingredients of Shin’iseihaito. We found that the capsule of SSHT-treated S. pneumoniae was significantly thinner than that of the untreated group and that SSHT reduced the hydrophobicity of bacterial cell surface. Our results suggest that Shin’iseihaito may be a useful agent for the treatment of S. pneumoniae-induced sinusitis because of the inhibition of biofilm formation of S. pneumoniae.

scholarly journals The Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Activity of Telithromycin Against Enterococcus spp. Isolated From Patients in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanpeng Xiong ◽  
Junwen Chen ◽  
Xiang Sun ◽  
Guangjian Xu ◽  
Peiyu Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Housekeeping Genes ◽  
Antibiofilm Activity ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Planktonic Cells ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Enterococcus Spp ◽  
Sequence Types

Telithromycin has been reported to possess robust in vitro antibacterial activity against many species of gram-positive bacteria, and telithromycin is also effective against Staphylococcus aureus biofilms. However, the in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility of telithromycin against clinical enterococci isolates in China is rarely reported and the impacts of telithromycin on the biofilm formation and eradication of enterococci remain elusive. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the inhibitory effects of telithromycin on planktonic cells and biofilms of Enterococcus strains. A total of 280 Enterococcus faecalis and 122 Enterococcus faecium isolates were collected from individual inpatients in China. The 50% minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC50) values of telithromycin against the E. faecalis and E. faecium strains carrying erythromycin-resistant methylase (erm) genes such as the ermA, ermB, or ermC, were 2 and 4 μg/mL, respectively. In addition, these isolates were typed using multilocus sequence typing (MLST) based on housekeeping genes. The predominant sequence types (STs) of E. faecalis were ST16, ST30, and ST179, and the main STs of E. faecium isolates were ST18, ST78, and ST80. Among these major STs, 87.1% (135/158) of E. faecalis and 80.4% (41/51) of E. faecium carried erm genes. Furthermore, at the subinhibitory concentrations (1/4 and 1/8 × MIC) of telithromycin, the biofilm formation of 16 E. faecalis isolates were inhibited by approximately 35%. Moreover, treatment with 8 × MIC of telithromycin or ampicillin led to an almost 40% reduction in the established biofilms of E. faecalis isolates, whereas vancomycin or linezolid with 8 × MIC had minimal effects. The combination of telithromycin and ampicillin resulted in an almost 70% reduction in the established biofilms of E. faecalis. In conclusion, these results revealed that telithromycin significantly decreased the planktonic cells of both E. faecalis and E. faecium. In addition, the data further demonstrated that telithromycin has the robust ability to inhibit E. faecalis biofilms and the combination of telithromycin and ampicillin improved antibiofilm activity. These in vitro antibacterial and antibiofilm activities suggest that telithromycin could be a potential candidate for the treatment of enterococcal infections.

The Inhibitory Effects of Lactobacillus Supernatants and Their Metabolites on the Growth and Biofilm Formation of Klebsiella pneumoniae

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Kheiri ◽  
Rouha Kasra Kermanshahi ◽  
Mohammad Mehdi Feizabadi
Keyword(s):  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Beta Lactamases ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamases ◽  
Effective Product ◽  
Hospital Acquired

Background: Klebsiella pneumoniae is a common cause of hospital acquired infections including urinary tract infection (UTI). Biofilm formation makes the K. pneumoniae infection more complicated and carrying extended spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) genes limits antibiotic choices for treatment. Lactobacillus strains are known as natural protective barriers against UTIs. Objectives: This is a small in-vitro study aimed to determine the effect of probiotic Lactobacillus strains and some types of their metabolites on the growth and biofilm of UTI isolated and reference strain of Klebsiella pneumoniae. Methods: The efficacy of Lactobacillus supernatants and antibiotics in prevention and elimination of K. pneumoniae biofilms was determined using a quantitative adherence assay. A rapid colorimetric microplate bioassay was applied for detection of survived bacterial cells after treatment with antibacterial agents. Biofilm phenotypes were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results: The results showed that seven out of eight ESBL producing uropathogenic K. pneumoniae isolates in this study were able to produce biofilm. Lactobacillus supernatants at 1:1 to 1:16 dilutions, had more than 95% biofilm-inhibitory and biofilm-killing properties on strong biofilm producer isolate. Supra-MIC levels of antibiotics had much lower anti-biofilm effect than Lactobacillus supernatant and left considerable alive biofilm cells. Conclusions: Although antibiotic resistance increases in biofilm forms of Klebsiella pneumoniae, Lactobacillus supernatants have strong antibiofilm efficacy even in concentrations lower than MIC. Biofilm formation decreases considerably in the presence of Lactobacillus supernatants. Hydrogen peroxide is an effective product against growth and biofilm formation of Klebsiella pneumoniae.

scholarly journals Does Implant Coating With Antibacterial-Loaded Hydrogel Reduce Bacterial Colonization and Biofilm Formation in Vitro?

2014 ◽  
Vol 472 (11) ◽  
pp. 3311-3323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorenzo Drago ◽  
Willemijn Boot ◽  
Kostantinos Dimas ◽  
Kostantinos Malizos ◽  
Gertrud M. Hänsch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Bacterial Colonization ◽  
Implant Coating

scholarly journals Synthesis of a Small Library of Nature-Inspired Xanthones and Study of Their Antimicrobial Activity

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (10) ◽  
pp. 2405 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana I. S. P. Resende ◽  
Patrícia Pereira-Terra ◽  
Joana Moreira ◽  
Joana Freitas-Silva ◽  
Agostinho Lemos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Xanthone Derivatives ◽  
Potent Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Resistant Strains

A series of thirteen xanthones 3–15 was prepared based on substitutional (appendage) diversity reactions. The series was structurally characterized based on their spectral data and HRMS, and the structures of xanthone derivatives 1, 7, and 8 were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. This series, along with an in-house series of aminated xanthones 16–33, was tested for in-vitro antimicrobial activity against seven bacterial (including two multidrug-resistant) strains and five fungal strains. 1-(Dibromomethyl)-3,4-dimethoxy-9H-xanthen-9-one (7) and 1-(dibromomethyl)-3,4,6-trimethoxy-9H-xanthen-9-one (8) exhibited antibacterial activity against all tested strains. In addition, 3,4-dihydroxy-1-methyl-9H-xanthen-9-one (3) revealed a potent inhibitory effect on the growth of dermatophyte clinical strains (T. rubrum FF5, M. canis FF1 and E. floccosum FF9), with a MIC of 16 µg/mL for all the tested strains. Compounds 3 and 26 showed a potent inhibitory effect on two C. albicans virulence factors: germ tube and biofilm formation.

Inhibitory Effects of Cocoa Flavanols and Procyanidin Oligomers on Free Radical-Induced Erythrocyte Hemolysis

2002 ◽  
Vol 227 (5) ◽  
pp. 321-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qin Yan Zhu ◽  
Roberta R. Holt ◽  
Sheryl A. Lazarus ◽  
Timothy J. Orozco
Keyword(s):  
Protective Effects ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Erythrocyte Hemolysis ◽  
Enhanced Resistance ◽  
Plasma Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Plasma Antioxidant ◽  
Cocoa Flavanols

Excessive peroxidation of biomembranes is thought to contribute to the initiation and progression of numerous degenerative diseases. The present study examined the inhibitory effects of a cocoa extract, individual cocoa flavanols (-)-epicatechin and (+)-catechin, and procyanidin oligomers (dimer to decamer) isolated from cocoa on rat erythrocyte hemolysis. In vitro, the flavanols and the procyanidin oligomers exhibited dose-dependent protection against 2,2'-azo-bis (2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (AAPH)-induced erythrocyte hemolysis between concentrations of 2.5 and 40 μM. Dimer, trimer, and tetramer showed the strongest inhibitory effects at 10 μM, 59.4%, 66.2%, 70.9%; 20 μM, 84.1%, 87.6%, 81.0%; and 40 μM, 90.2%, 88.9%, 78-6%, respectively. In a subsequent experiment, male Sprague-Dawley rats (~200 g; n = 5-6) were given a 100-mg intragastric dose of a cocoa extract. Blood was collected over a 4-hr time period. Epicatechin and catechin, and the dimers (-)-epicatechin-(4β>8)-epicatechin (Dimer B2) and (-)-epicatechin-(4β<6)-epicatechin (Dimer B5) were detected in the plasma with concentrations of 6.4 μM, and 217.6, 248.2, and 55.4 nM, respectively. Plasma antioxidant capacity (as measured by the total antioxidant potential [TRAP] assay) was elevated (P < 0.05) between 30 and 240 min following the cocoa extract feeding. Erythrocytes obtained from the cocoa extract-fed animals showed an enhanced resistance to hemolysis (P < 0.05). This enhanced resistance was also observed when erythrocytes from animals fed the cocoa extract were mixed with plasma obtained from animals given water only. Conversely, plasma obtained from rats given the cocoa extract improved the resistance of erythrocytes obtained from rats given water only. These results show cocoa flavanols and procyanidins can provide membrane protective effects.

scholarly journals Antibacterial and Anti-Biofilm Activity of Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids against Periprosthetic Joint Infections-Isolated Multi-Drug Resistant Strains

Biomedicines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 334
Author(s):  
Débora C. Coraça-Huber ◽  
Stephan Steixner ◽  
Alexander Wurm ◽  
Michael Nogler
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Gingival Fibroblasts ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Joint Infections ◽  
Epa And Dha ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Drug Resistant Strains

Background: Implantable medical devices, such as prosthetics, catheters, and several other devices, have revolutionized medicine, but they increase the infection risk. In previous decades, commercially available antibiotics lost their activity against coagulase-negative Staphylococci (CoNS) and several other microorganisms. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) are the two major omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFAs) with antimicrobial properties. Materials and Methods: In this study, we tested the EPA and the DHA for its antibacterial and anti-biofilm activity in vitro against Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus, and different CoNS as reference strains and isolated from patients undergoing orthopedic treatment for implant infections. The tests were carried out with the strains in planktonic and biofilm form. Cytotoxicity assay was carried out with EPA and DHA using human gingival fibroblasts HGF-1. Results: The highest concentration of EPA and DHA promoted the complete killing of S. epidermidis 1457 and S. aureus ATCC 25923 in planktonic form. The fatty acids showed low activity against P. aeruginosa. EPA and DHA completely killed or significantly reduced the count of planktonic bacteria of the patient isolated strains. When incubated with media enriched with EPA and DHA, the biofilm formation was significantly reduced on S. epidermidis 1457 and not present on S. aureus ATCC 25923. The reduction or complete killing were also observed with the clinical isolates. The pre-formed biofilms showed reduction of the cell counting after treatment with EPA and DHA. Conclusion: In this study, the ω-3 PUFAs EPA and DHA showed antimicrobial and anti-biofilm activity in vitro against S. aureus, S. epidermidis, and P. aeruginosa, as well as against multi-drug resistant S. aureus and CoNS strains isolated from patients undergoing periprosthetic joint infections (PJI) treatment. Higher concentrations of the fatty acids showed killing activity on planktonic cells and inhibitory activity of biofilm formation. Although both substances showed antimicrobial activity, EPA showed better results in comparison with DHA. In addition, when applied on human gingival fibroblasts in vitro, EPA and DHA showed a possible protective effect on cells cultured in medium enriched with ethanol. Further studies are required to confirm the antimicrobial activity of EPA and DHA against multi-drug resistant strains and pan-drug resistant strains.

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