Characteristics of the Baseline Climate of the Cotnari (Romania) Wine Growing Region

Abstract The paper presents the baseline climate of the Cotnari wine growing region, the climate under whose influence were set up the wine grape varieties, wine types and grapevine training systems of this vineyard. It is also presented the baseline climate suitability for wine grape growing and its spatial variation in the vineyard area. The study is based on the climate data for the 1961 to 1980 time period, previous to the beginning of the climate warming and, therefore, considered to be representative for the baseline climate time period. According to study results, the baseline climate of the Cotnari wine growing region was cool, with annual average temperatures by 8.5...,10.0°C, with a sum of the effective temperatures by 1081...,1382°C, with freezing phenomena at the beginning and towards the end of the growing season, and with very cool nights during the month of September (CI+2). Elements that generate the baseline climate suitability for wine grape growing were: high average temperatures for the month of July (19...21.1°C), long growing season up to 190 days, and high values for the global radiation, up to 93 kcal/cm2/April 1st - September 30th on the sunny slopes within the vineyard area. According to the multicriteria evaluation of the suitability for wine grape growing, 87.9% (1792 ha) of the vineyard surface was characterized by a baseline climate suitable for white quality wines and 11.9% (241.0 ha) by a baseline climate suitable for white table wines, sparkling wines and wines for distillates.

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The use of co-digested solid fraction as feedstock for biogas plants

Journal of Agricultural Engineering ◽

10.4081/jae.2013.208 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 44 (4) ◽

pp. 153

Author(s):

Elio Dinuccio ◽

Fabrizio Gioelli ◽

Dalibor Cuk ◽

Luca Rollè ◽

Paolo Balsari

Keyword(s):

Solid Fraction ◽

Farmyard Manure ◽

Pig Slurry ◽

Time Period ◽

Study Results ◽

Biogas Plants ◽

Mechanical Separation ◽

Set Up ◽

Sorghum Silage

A comparative study was set up in order to assess the technical feasibility of the long-term reuse of the mechanically separated co-digested solid fraction as a feedstock for anaerobic digestion plants (ADP). The biogas yields of two feedstock mixtures (A and B) were assessed in mesophilic conditions (40°C±2°C) using 6 lab-scale continuous stirredtank reactors. Feedstock mixture A (control) consisted of pig slurry (70%), farmyard manure (4%), sorghum silage (12%) and maize silage (14%). Feedstock mixture B was the same as the control plus the solid fraction derived from the mechanical separation of the output raw codigestate collected from the reactors. All reactors were fed simultaneously, three times a week, over a period of nine month. According to the study results, the reuse of the co-digested solid fraction as feedstock for ADP could increase the methane yield by approximately 4%. However, ADP efficiency evaluation (e.g., daily yield of methane per m3 of digester) suggests limiting this practice to a maximum time period of 120 days.

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SARAH-3 - a new satellite-based Cimate Data Record for surface radiation parameters from the CM SAF

10.5194/ems2021-454 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Uwe Pfeifroth ◽

Jaqueline Drücke ◽

Jörg Trentmann ◽

Rainer Hollmann

Keyword(s):

Water Cycle ◽

Sunshine Duration ◽

Global Radiation ◽

Surface Radiation ◽

Climate Data ◽

Surface Solar Radiation ◽

Data Set ◽

Time Period ◽

Data Record ◽

Climate Data Record

The EUMETSAT Satellite Application Facility on Climate Monitoring (CM SAF) generates and distributes high quality long-term climate data records (CDR) of energy and water cycle parameters, which are freely available.In fall 2021, a new version of the &#8220;Surface Solar Radiation data set &#8211; Heliosat&#8221; will be released: SARAH-3. As the previous editions, the SARAH-3 climate data record is based on satellite observations from the first and second METEOSAT generations and provides various surface radiation parameters, including global radiation, direct radiation, sunshine duration, photosynthetic active radiation and others. SARAH-3 covers the time period 1983 to 2020 and offers 30-minute instantaneous data as well as daily and monthly means on a regular 0.05&#176; x 0.05&#176; lon/lat grid.In this presentation, an overview of the SARAH climate data record and their applications will be provided. A focus will be on the SARAH-3 developments and improvements (i.e. improved consideration of snow-covered surfaces). First validation results of the new Climate Data Record using surface reference observations will be presented. Further, SARAH-3 will be used for the analysis of the climate variability in Europe during the last decades.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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The use of co-digested solid fraction as feedstock for biogas plants

Journal of Agricultural Engineering ◽

10.4081/jae.2013.355 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 44 (2s) ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

E. Dinuccio ◽

F. Gioelli ◽

D. Cuk ◽

L. Rollè ◽

P. Balsari

Keyword(s):

Solid Fraction ◽

Farmyard Manure ◽

Daily Basis ◽

Pig Slurry ◽

Stirred Tank Reactors ◽

Time Period ◽

Study Results ◽

Biogas Plants ◽

Set Up ◽

Sorghum Silage

A comparative study was set up in order to assess the technical feasibility of the long-term reuse of the mechanically separated co-digested solid fraction as a feedstock for anaerobic digestion plants (ADP). The biogas yields of two feedstock mixtures (A and B) were assessed in mesophilic conditions (40 °C ± 2 °C) using 8 lab-scale continuous stirred-tank reactors (CSRT). Feedstock mixture A (control) consisted of pig slurry (70%), farmyard manure (4%), sorghum silage (12%) and maize silage (14%). Feedstock mixture B was the same as the control plus the solid fraction derived from the mechanical separation of the output raw co-digestate collected on daily basis from the reactors. All reactors were fed simultaneously, three times a week, over a period of nine month. According to the study results, the reuse of the co-digested solid fraction as feedstock for ADP could increase the methane yield by approximately 4%. However, ADP efficiency evaluation (e.g., daily yield of methane per m3 of digester) suggest to limit this practice to a maximum time period of 120 days.

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Agent-Based Coordinated Control of Power Electronic Converters in a Microgrid

Electronics ◽

10.3390/electronics10091031 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (9) ◽

pp. 1031

Author(s):

Maryam Nasri ◽

Herbert L. Ginn ◽

Mehrdad Moallem

Keyword(s):

Hash Table ◽

Power Sharing ◽

Distributed Hash Table ◽

Power Electronic ◽

Power Electronic Converters ◽

Agent Based ◽

Development Framework ◽

Study Results ◽

Set Up ◽

Microgrid Control

This paper presents the implementation of an agent-based architecture suitable for the coordination of power electronic converters in stand-alone microgrids. To this end, a publish-subscribe agent architecture was utilized as a distributed microgrid control platform. Over a distributed hash table (DHT) searching overlay, the publish-subscribe architecture was identified based on a numerical analysis as a scalable agent-based technology for the distributed real-time coordination of power converters in microgrids. The developed framework was set up to deploy power-sharing distributed optimization algorithms while keeping a deterministic time period of a few tens of milliseconds for a system with tens of converters and when multiple events might happen concurrently. Several agents participate in supervisory control to regulate optimum power-sharing for the converters. To test the design, a notional shipboard system, including several converters, was used as a case study. Results of implementing the agent-based publish-subscribe control system using the Java Agent Development Framework (JADE) are presented.

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The Impact of Climate Change on the Sugar Content of Grapes and the Sustainability of their Production in the Czech Republic

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13010222 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 222

Author(s):

Miroslava Navrátilová ◽

Markéta Beranová ◽

Lucie Severová ◽

Karel Šrédl ◽

Roman Svoboda ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Czech Republic ◽

Sugar Content ◽

Growing Season ◽

Vegetation Period ◽

The Czech Republic ◽

Impact Of Climate Change ◽

Secondary Sources ◽

The Impact ◽

Growing Region

The aim of the presented article is to evaluate the impact of climate change on the sugar content of grapes in the Czech Republic during the period 2000–2019 through selected indicators on the basis of available secondary sources. Attention is focused on the developments in both the main wine-growing regions of Moravia and Bohemia. In the field of viticulture and wine-growing, the sugar content of grapes, as a basic parameter for the classification of wines, plays an important role. In the Czech Republic, the average sugar content of grapes has had a constantly growing trend. This trend is evident both in the wine-growing region of Bohemia and in the wine-growing region of Moravia. The impact of climate change, especially the gradual increase of average temperatures in the growing season, cannot be overlooked. It greatly affects, among other things, the sugar content of grapes. Calculations according to the Huglin Index and the Winkler Index were used to determine the relationship between climate and sugar content. These indexes summarize the course of temperatures during the entire vegetation period into a single numerical value. The results show that both indexes describe the effect of air temperature on sugar content in both wine regions of the Czech Republic in a statistically significant way. The Huglin Index shows a higher correlation rate. The Winkler Index proved to be less suitable for both areas. Alternatively, the Winkler Index calculated for a shorter growing season was tested, which showed a higher degree of correlation with sugar content, approaching the significance of the Huglin Index.

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Preferences for Updates on General Research Results: A Survey of Participants in Genomic Research from Two Institutions

Journal of Personalized Medicine ◽

10.3390/jpm11050399 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (5) ◽

pp. 399

Author(s):

Casey Overby Taylor ◽

Natalie Flaks Manov ◽

Katherine D. Crew ◽

Chunhua Weng ◽

John J. Connolly ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Research Result ◽

Hierarchical Cluster ◽

Genomic Research ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Four Dimensions ◽

Research Participants ◽

Research Activities ◽

Study Results ◽

Set Up

There is a need for multimodal strategies to keep research participants informed about study results. Our aim was to characterize preferences of genomic research participants from two institutions along four dimensions of general research result updates: content, timing, mechanism, and frequency. Methods: We conducted a web-based cross-sectional survey that was administered from 25 June 2018 to 5 December 2018. Results: 397 participants completed the survey, most of whom (96%) expressed a desire to receive research updates. Preferences with high endorsement included: update content (brief descriptions of major findings, descriptions of purpose and goals, and educational material); update timing (when the research is completed, when findings are reviewed, when findings are published, and when the study status changes); update mechanism (email with updates, and email newsletter); and update frequency (every three months). Hierarchical cluster analyses based on the four update preferences identified four profiles of participants with similar preference patterns. Very few participants in the largest profile were comfortable with budgeting less money for research activities so that researchers have money to set up services to send research result updates to study participants. Conclusion: Future studies may benefit from exploring preferences for research result updates, as we have in our study. In addition, this work provides evidence of a need for funders to incentivize researchers to communicate results to participants.

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Condensation/immersion mode ice-nucleating particles in a boreal environment

Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics ◽

10.5194/acp-20-6687-2020 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (11) ◽

pp. 6687-6706

Author(s):

Mikhail Paramonov ◽

Saskia Drossaart van Dusseldorp ◽

Ellen Gute ◽

Jonathan P. D. Abbatt ◽

Paavo Heikkilä ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Field Campaign ◽

Particle Species ◽

Entire Field ◽

Time Period ◽

Regional Sources ◽

Range Transport ◽

Thermodynamic Conditions ◽

Set Up ◽

Boreal Environment ◽

Measurement Location

Abstract. Ice-nucleating particle (INP) measurements were performed in the boreal environment of southern Finland at the Station for Measuring Ecosystem–Atmosphere Relations (SMEAR II) in the winter–spring of 2018. Measurements with the Portable Ice Nucleation Chamber (PINC) were conducted at 242 K and 105 % relative humidity with respect to water. The median INP number concentration [INP] during a 6-week measurement period was 13 L−1. The [INP] spanned 3 orders of magnitude and showed a general increase from mid-February until early April. No single dominant local or regional sources of INPs in the boreal environment of southern Finland could be identified. Rather, it is hypothesised that the INPs detected at SMEAR II are a result of long-range transport and dilution of INPs sourced far from the measurement site. Despite high variability, the measured [INP] values fall within the range expected for the [INP] measured elsewhere under similar thermodynamic conditions. The [INP] did not correlate with any of the examined parameters during the entire field campaign, indicating that no one single parameter can be used to predict the [INP] at the measurement location during the examined time period. The absence of a correlation across the entire field campaign also suggests that a variety of particles act as INPs at different times, although it was indirectly determined that ambient INPs are most likely within the size range of 0.1–0.5 µm in diameter on average. On shorter timescales, several particle species correlated well with the [INP]. Depending on the meteorological conditions, black carbon (BC), supermicron biological particles and sub-0.1 µm particles, most likely nanoscale biological fragments such as ice-nucleating macromolecules (INMs), correlated with the INP signal. However, an increase in the concentration of any of these particle species may not necessarily lead to the increase in the [INP]; the reasons for this remain unknown. Limitations of the instrumental set-up and the necessity for future field INP studies are addressed.

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The Australian National Windbreaks Program: overview and summary of results

Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture ◽

10.1071/ea02003 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 42 (6) ◽

pp. 649 ◽

Cited By ~ 35

Author(s):

H. A. Cleugh ◽

R. Prinsley ◽

P. R. Bird ◽

S. J. Brooks ◽

P. S. Carberry ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Growing Season ◽

Climate Data ◽

Financial Gain ◽

Temperature And Humidity ◽

Wind Climate ◽

Wind Events ◽

Differing Effect ◽

Economic Analyses ◽

The Individual ◽

Variable Wind

This overview paper presents a description of the National Windbreaks Program (NWP) — its objectives, the main methods used to achieve these objectives and a summary of the key results. It draws these from the individual papers appearing in this special issue, which provide detailed descriptions and discussion about the specific research sites and research methods used, in addition to interpreting and discussing the results. The key findings were the following: (i) Two broad areas of crop and pasture response can be identified downwind of a porous windbreak: a zone of reduced yield associated with competition with the windbreak trees that extended from 1 H to 3 H, where H is the windbreak height, and a zone of unchanged or slightly increased yield stretching downwind to 10 H or 20 H. (ii) Averaged over the paddock, yield gains due to the effect of shelter on microclimate were smaller than expected — especially for cereals. Yield simulations conducted using the APSIM model and 20 years of historical climate data confirmed this result for longer periods and for other crop growing regions in Australia. Larger yield gains were simulated at locations where the latter part of the growing season was characterised by high atmospheric demand and a depleted soil water store. (iii) Economic analyses that account for the costs of establishing windbreaks, losses due to competition and yield gains as a result of shelter found that windbreaks will either lead to a small financial gain or be cost neutral. (iv) Part of the reason for the relatively small changes in yield measured at the field sites was the variable wind climate which meant that the crop was only sheltered for a small proportion of the growing season. In much of southern Australia, where the day-to-day and seasonal variability in wind direction is large, additional windbreaks planted around the paddock perimeter or as closely-spaced rows within the paddock will be needed to provide more consistent levels of shelter. (v) Protection from infrequent, high magnitude wind events that cause plant damage and soil erosion was observed to lead to the largest yield gains. The main forms of direct damage were sandblasting, which either buries or removes seedlings from the soil or damages the leaves and stems, and direct leaf tearing and stripping. (vi) A corollary to these findings is the differing effect that porous windbreaks have on the air temperature and humidity compared to wind. While winds are reduced in strength in a zone that extends from 5 H upwind to at least 25 H downwind of the windbreak, the effects of shelter on temperature and humidity are smaller and restricted mainly to the quiet zone. This means that fewer windbreaks are required to achieve reductions in wind damage than for altering the microclimate. (vii) The wind tunnel experiments illustrate the important aspects of windbreak structure that determine the airflow downwind, and subsequent microclimate changes, in winds oriented both perpendicular and obliquely to porous windbreaks. These results enable a series of guidelines to be forwarded for designing windbreaks for Australian agricultural systems.

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A Study of Indian Derivatives Market and its Current Position in Global Financial Derivatives Market

International Journal of Research in Engineering, Science and Management ◽

10.47607/ijresm.2021.437 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

S Sandra

Keyword(s):

Commodity Prices ◽

Financial Derivatives ◽

Business Community ◽

Price Risk ◽

Current Position ◽

Futures Trading ◽

Time Period ◽

The Status ◽

Set Up ◽

Derivative Market

Derivatives emerged as hedging instruments out of the need to control price risk. Earlier commodity prices were the sole concern of business community, and therefore, the derivatives on commodities were the first ones to emerge. The introduction of derivatives in India can be traced out in 1875, when the Bombay Cotton Trading Association Ltd was set up for futures trading in cotton. At present the markets for derivatives have been growing at a phenomenal pace. This paper traces the growth and current position of Indian derivatives market. Since its inception in June 2000, derivatives market has exhibited exponential growth both in terms of volume and number of contract traded. The market turnover has grown from Rs.24bn in 2000-01 to Rs. 2376tn in 2018-19. The present study is an effort to demonstrate the growth and expansion of derivatives in India during the time period 2010-11 to 2018-19. It also encompasses the scope, history, concept, types and growth of financial derivatives in India and the status of Indian derivatives market vis-à-vis global derivative market.

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Experiences with virtual schools on “Climate data for impact assessments”

10.5194/ems2021-353 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Janette Bessembinder ◽

Judith Klostermann ◽

Rutger Dankers ◽

Vladimir Djurdjevic ◽

Tomas Halenka

Keyword(s):

Summer School ◽

Climate Modeling ◽

Virtual Schools ◽

Virtual School ◽

Climate Data ◽

Climate Services ◽

Impact Modelling ◽

Set Up ◽

Impact Models

The provision of climate services to users is a fast developing field. In support of this development, the IS-ENES3 project, funded within the EC Horizon2020 program, organized three schools on &#8220;Climate data for impact assessments&#8221; in 2020 and 2021. In an Autumn school, a Spring school and a Summer school, climate scientists and impact scientists were brought together. An important aim of the schools was&#160;to enhance interaction between Vulnerability-Impact-Adaptation (VIA) researchers, climate services providers and climate researchers. Another aim was to provide an overview of information on climate modeling, climate data, impact modelling and climate services based on the work of the IS-ENE3 project.In the first three weeks a series of lectures was given, covering topics such as climate data and modelling, impact models, portals for accessing and processing climate data, setting-up impact assessments, and communication of results to stakeholders. In the last three weeks the participants worked in small groups of one climate scientist with one impact scientist on a case study under the guidance of the course lecturers. Impact and climate researchers were combined on purpose to let them experience how they could help each other.Originally the schools were planned to take place on-site (e.g. in Prague) during one week; however, due to COVID-19 the schools had to be transformed to virtual schools with two weekly sessions during six weeks. Although the virtual set-up had some disadvantages (e.g. less possibilities for networking), there were also some advantages (e.g. the possibility to record the lectures and make them available to a broader audience; more time to explore and work with climate data in between the sessions, no CO2 emissions for travelling). During this presentation we will present the set-up of the schools and the conversion to a virtual school. We will focus on the lessons learnt and the evaluation of the virtual schools by the participants and give some recommendations for similar schools and how to link the climate and VIA research communities .

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