Withania frutescens: Chemical characterization, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and healing activities

AbstractWithania frutescens (W. frutescens) is a medicinal plant that is largely used in the Morrocan pharmacopeia for disease treatment. This work was conducted to investigate the chemical characterization, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and healing activities of W. frutescens. The chemical characterization of W. frutescens extract was done using HPLC; the anti-inflammatory test was performed with doses 300, 400 and 450 mg/kg, and the healing activity was assessed using two creams (extract 5% and extract 10%). Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of phenolic compounds. The results of the anti-inflammatory test were more pronounced when compared with the reference drug with a maximum inhibition percentage of 82.20% ± 8.69 obtained at the dose of 450 mg/kg. Local application of 10% plant cream induced 80.17% ± 7.89 of inflammation inhibition when compared with the indomethacin drug 92.33% ± 11.27. The studied plant extract showed a promising healing activity with the following percentage: 99.03% ± 0.76 (extract 10%), 98.61% ± 1.91 (extract 5%), and 57.43% ± 2.97 (control); meanwhile, the value reached to 100% ± 0.02 for the drug that was used as a reference within the first 2 weeks. The plant studied in this work would be a promising source for conceptualizing effective drugs against inflammatory diseases.

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N-arylmethylideneaminophthalimide: Design, Synthesis and Evaluation as Analgesic and Anti-inflammatory Agents

Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry ◽

10.2174/1389557518666180424101009 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (8) ◽

pp. 679-687 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Nasimossadat Banarouei ◽

Asghar Davood ◽

Hamed Shafaroodi ◽

Ghazaleh Saeedi ◽

Abbas Shafiee

Keyword(s):

Room Temperature ◽

Antiinflammatory Activity ◽

Chemical Characterization ◽

Design Synthesis ◽

Reference Drug ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Pain Test ◽

Derivatives Of

Background and Objective: N-aryl derivatives of phthalimide and 4-nitro phthalimide have demonstrated cyclooxygenase inhibitory activity. Also, they possess excellent analgesic and antiinflammatory activity. In this work, a new series of N-arylmethylideneamino derivatives of phthalimide and 4-nitro phthalimide were designed and synthesized. Methods: The designed compounds were synthesized by condensation of the appropriate aldehyde and N-aminophthalimide in ethanol at room temperature at PH around 3. Their analgesic and antiinflammatory activity were evaluated by acetic acid-induced pain test and carrageenan-induced paw edema test in mice and rats, respectively. Results and Conclusion:: The details of the synthesis and chemical characterization of the analogs are described. In vivo screening showed compounds 3a, 3b, 3f and 3h were the most potent analgesic compounds. In addition, compounds 3a, 3c, 3d, 3e and 3j indicated comparable anti-inflammatory activity to indomethacin as a reference drug.

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In Vitro Anti-Inflammatory and In Vivo Antiarthritic Activities of Aqueous and Ethanolic Extracts of Dissotis thollonii Cogn. (Melastomataceae) in Rats

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1155/2019/3612481 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-17 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Stephanie Flore Djuichou Nguemnang ◽

Eric Gonzal Tsafack ◽

Marius Mbiantcha ◽

Ateufack Gilbert ◽

Albert Donatien Atsamo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cell Proliferation ◽

Protein Denaturation ◽

Inflammatory Diseases ◽

Ros Production ◽

Zymosan A ◽

Ethanolic Extracts ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Promising Source

Dissotis thollonii Cogn. (Melastomataceae) is a tropical plant widely used in traditional Cameroonian medicine to relieve and treat many pathologies. It is widespread in the western region where it is used to treat typhoid fever, gastrointestinal disorders, and inflammatory diseases. The purpose of this study is to scientifically demonstrate the anti-inflammatory and antiarthritic properties of the aqueous and ethanolic extracts of the leaves of Dissotis thollonii. The anti-inflammatory properties were evaluated in vitro by inhibition tests for cyclooxygenase, 5-lipoxygenase, protein denaturation, extracellular ROS production, and cell proliferation; while antiarthritic properties were evaluated in vivo in rats using the zymosan A-induced monoarthritis test and the CFA-induced polyarthritis model. This study shows that aqueous and ethanolic extracts at a concentration of 1000 μg/ml inhibit the activity of cyclooxygenase (47.07% and 63.36%) and 5-lipoxygenase (66.79% and 77.7%) and protein denaturation (42.51% and 44.44%). Similarly, both extracts inhibited extracellular ROS production (IC50 = 5.74 μg/ml and 2.96 μg/ml for polymorphonuclear leukocytes, 7.47 μg/ml and 3.28 μg ml for peritoneal macrophages of mouse) and cell proliferation (IC50 = 16.89 μg/ml and 3.29 μg/ml). At a dose of 500 mg/kg, aqueous and ethanolic extracts significantly reduce edema induced by zymosan A (69.30% and 81.80%) and CFA (71.85% and 79.03%). At the same dose, both extracts decreased sensitivity to mechanical hyperalgesia with 69.00% and 70.35% inhibition, respectively. Systemic and histological analyzes show that both extracts maintain the studied parameters very close to normal and greatly restored the normal architecture of the joint in animals. Dissotis thollonii would therefore be a very promising source for the treatment of inflammatory diseases.

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Chemical characterization of various fractions of leaves ofCinnamomum tamalaLinn toward their antioxidant, hypoglycemic, and anti-inflammatory property

Immunopharmacology and Immunotoxicology ◽

10.3109/08923973.2010.538850 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 33 (3) ◽

pp. 466-472 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

J.K. Chaurasia ◽

Yamini B. Tripathi

Keyword(s):

Chemical Characterization ◽

Anti Inflammatory

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Anti-Inflammatory and Physicochemical Characterization of the Croton rhamnifolioides Essential Oil Inclusion Complex in β-Cyclodextrin

Biology ◽

10.3390/biology9060114 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (6) ◽

pp. 114

Author(s):

Anita Oliveira Brito Pereira Bezerra Martins ◽

Almir Gonçalves Wanderley ◽

Isabel Sousa Alcântara ◽

Lindaiane Bezerra Rodrigues ◽

Francisco Rafael Alves Santana Cesário ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Vascular Permeability ◽

Inflammatory Diseases ◽

Physicochemical Characterization ◽

Major Constituent ◽

Paw Edema ◽

Popular Medicine ◽

Anti Inflammatory

Croton rhamnifolioides is used in popular medicine for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. The objective of this study was to characterize and evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of C. rhamnifolioides essential oil complexed in β-cyclodextrin (COEFC). The physicochemical characterization of the complexes was performed using different physical methods. The anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated in vivo by ear edema, paw edema, cotton pellet-induced granuloma, and vascular permeability by Evans blue extravasation. The mechanism of action was validated by molecular docking of the major constituent into the cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2 enzyme). All doses of the COEFC reduced acute paw edema induced by carrageenan and dextran, as well as vascular permeability. Our results suggest the lowest effective dose of all samples inhibited the response induced by histamine or arachidonic acid as well as the granuloma formation. The complexation process showed that the pharmacological effects were maintained, however, showing similar results using much lower doses. The results demonstrated an involvement of the inhibition of pathways dependent on eicosanoids and histamine. Complexation of β-cyclodextrin/Essential oil (β-CD/EO) may present an important tool in the study of new compounds for the development of anti-inflammatory drugs.

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Phytochemical Analysis and In-vitro Anti-Diabetic and Anti- Inflammatory study of root extract of Apama siliquosa LAMK.

Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology ◽

10.52711/0974-360x.2021.01015 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 5838-5842

Author(s):

Manu Jose ◽

Stephin Baby ◽

Dona Mathew ◽

Naurin Muhammed ◽

Jayalakshmi P M

Keyword(s):

Inflammatory Diseases ◽

Herbal Medicines ◽

Alpha Amylase ◽

Phytochemical Analysis ◽

Root Extract ◽

Inhibition Assay ◽

Ic50 Value ◽

Inflammatory Bowel ◽

Anti Inflammatory

The demand for herbal medicines in many pharmaceutical sectors is growing at a drastic rate due to their improved pharmacological actions, minimal side effects and cost-effectiveness. Anti-inflammatory phytochemicals are found to be efficacious against the treatment of inflammatory diseases like rheumatoid arthritis, glomerulonephritis, hepatitis, inflammatory bowel disease, etc. Anti-diabetic phytochemicals are found to treat the increasing incidence of diabetes prevalent globally. This work aims to perform the phytochemical screening and to evaluate the antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory activity of crude extract of Apama siliquosa Lamk. The method employed for obtaining the active principles includes soxhlation technique with methanol as solvent. The anti-inflammatory property was studied in vitro using inhibition of albumin denaturation technique as well as heat-induced hemolysis and IC50 value was found to be 39.5μg/ml and 36.30μg/ml respectively. The anti-diabetic activity was estimated using the alpha-amylase inhibition assay and Glucose diffusion inhibitory study. The IC50 value for alpha-amylase inhibition assay was found to be 15.75μg/ml. It also shows a strong inhibition of glucose across the dialysis membrane.

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Phytochemical analysis and fungicide potential of Pouteria ramiflora against Lasiodiplodia theobromae

Horticultura Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0102-053620170414 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 35 (4) ◽

pp. 564-570

Author(s):

Ademir Kleber M Oliveira ◽

Elvia Silvia Rizzi ◽

Kelly Cristina L Pereira ◽

José Antônio M Bono ◽

José Carlos Pina; Rosemary Matias

Keyword(s):

Integrated Management ◽

Chemical Characterization ◽

Ethanolic Extract ◽

Control Treatment ◽

Phytochemical Analysis ◽

Experimental Development ◽

Mato Grosso ◽

Lasiodiplodia Theobromae ◽

Culture Growth

ABSTRACT The use of plant extracts can be an alternative to reduce the use of pesticides, to control diseases and pests that affect agricultural production. The aim of this study was the chemical characterization of the extract and fractions of Pouteria ramiflora leaves and to determine its fungistatic potential on Lasiodiplodia theobromae. The ethanolic extract of dried and crushed leaves was obtained by maceration. Part of this extract was sequentially partitioned and the following fractions were obtained: hexane, dichloromethane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, n-butyl, and hydromethanol for subsequent bioassay, and qualitative and quantitative phytochemical analysis. Experimental development comprises of adding a L. theobromae mycelial disk (5 mm), obtained from pure colonies, in the middle of Petri dishes with PDA culture growth (potato-dextrose-agar) plus the aforementioned substances in different concentrations (800; 1,200; 1,600; 2,000, and 2,400 µg/mL), and a control treatment (PDA). The plates were incubated in B.O.D. (25±2°C), and the assessment was performed by measuring the diameter of the colonies until it reaches the edge of the board. The experimental design was completely randomized with five replications, and the treatments were constituted of a factorial of seven extracts/fractions and six concentrations. For the Mycelial Growth Rate Index (MGRI) obtained, the analysis of variance was performed, and when significant, the regression analysis was performed. All extract/fractions decreased MGRI of L. theobromae, as the concentrations were increased. The best MGRI reduction occurred in n-butanolic fraction, and the efficiency of this fraction may be related to the presence of flavonoids and anthraquinones. The extract and fractions of P. ramiflora, a tree from the Cerrado biome in Mato Grosso do Sul, was effective in the control of L. theobromae, which can be used as a control option in organic farming or in integrated management systems.

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Comprehensive Characterization of Secondary Metabolites from Colebrookea oppositifolia (Smith) Leaves from Nepal and Assessment of Cytotoxic Effect and Anti-Nf-κB and AP-1 Activities In Vitro

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms21144897 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (14) ◽

pp. 4897

Author(s):

Gregorio Peron ◽

Jan Hošek ◽

Ganga Prasad Phuyal ◽

Dharma Raj Kandel ◽

Rameshwar Adhikari ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Secondary Metabolites ◽

Inflammatory Diseases ◽

Full Potential ◽

Phytochemical Screening ◽

Cytotoxic Compounds ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Potential Use ◽

Comprehensive Characterization

Here we report the comprehensive characterization of the secondary metabolites from the leaves of Colebrookea oppositifolia Smith, a species used as medicinal plant in the traditional medicine of Nepal. Phytochemical screening of bioactives was performed using an integrated LC-MSn and high resolution MS (Mass Spectrometry) approach. Forty-three compounds were tentatively identified, mainly aglyconic and glycosilated flavonoids and phenolic acids, as well as other bioactives such as coumarins and terpenes were detected. Furthermore, the NF-κB and AP-1 inhibitory activity of C. oppositifolia extract were evaluated, as well as its cytotoxicity against THP-1 cells, in order to assess the potential use of this herb as a source of anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic compounds. The results so far obtained indicate that C. oppositifolia leaves extract could significantly reduce the viability of THP-1 cells (IC50 = 6.2 ± 1.2 µg/mL), as well as the activation of both NF-κB and AP-1 at the concentration of 2 μg/mL. Our results indicate that Nepalese C. oppositifolia is a valuable source of anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic compounds. The phytochemical composition reported here can partially justify the traditional uses of C. oppositifolia in Nepal, especially in the treatment of inflammatory diseases, although further research will be needed to assess the full potential of this species.

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Chemical Characterization and In Vivo Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Actinidia callosa var. ephippioides via Suppression of Proinflammatory Cytokines

The American Journal of Chinese Medicine ◽

10.1142/s0192415x13500304 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 41 (02) ◽

pp. 405-423 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Jung-Chun Liao ◽

Shyh-Shyun Huang ◽

Jeng-Shyan Deng ◽

Chao-Ying Lee ◽

Ying-Chih Lin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chemical Characterization ◽

Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽

Paw Edema ◽

Inflammatory Mechanism ◽

Tnf Α ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Factor Α ◽

Oxide Synthase

Actinidia callosa var. ephippioides (ACE) has been widely used to treat anti-pyretic, antinociceptive, anti-inflammation, abdominal pain and fever in Taiwan. This study aims to determine the mechanism of anti-inflammatory activities of ethyl acetate fraction of ACE (EA-ACE) using a model of λ-carrageenan (Carr)-induced paw edema in mouse model. In HPLC analysis, chemical characterization of EA-ACE was established. In order to investigate the anti-inflammatory mechanism of EA-ACE, we have detected the activities of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) in the paw edema. Serum NO, tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) were evaluated. Chemical characterization from HPLC indicated that EA-ACE contains betulinic acid, ursolic acid and oleanolic acid. In the anti-inflammatory test, EA-ACE decreased the paw edema after Carr administration, increased the activities of CAT, SOD, and GPx and decreased the MDA level in the edema paw at the 5th hr after Carr injection. EA-ACE affects the serum NO, TNF-α, and IL-1β levels at the 5th hr after Carr injection. EA-ACE decreased Carr-induced inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expressions by Western blotting. Actinidia callosa var. ephippioides have the potential to provide a therapeutic approach to inflammation-associated disorders.

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Essential Oils of New Lippia alba Genotypes Analyzed by Flow-Modulated Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography (GC×GC) and Chemometric Analysis

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26082332 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (8) ◽

pp. 2332

Author(s):

Leila Gimenes ◽

Júlio César R. Lopes Silva ◽

Roselaine Facanali ◽

Leandro Wang Hantao ◽

Walter José Siqueira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gas Chromatography ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Chemical Characterization ◽

Two Dimensional ◽

Germplasm Bank ◽

Multivariate Statistical ◽

Lippia Alba ◽

Germacrene D ◽

Promising Source

Lippia alba (Mill.) N. E. Br. (Verbenaceae) is an aromatic shrub whose essential oils have stood out as a promising source for application in several industrial fields. In this study, the essential oils chemical characterization of eight new L. alba genotypes was performed. The selected materials were collected from the Active Germplasm Bank of the Agronomic Institute and the essential oils were extracted by hydrodistillation. Flow-modulated comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC×GC-MS) was employed for chemical characterization and evaluation of possible co-eluted compounds. In addition, the chemical analyses were submitted to multivariate statistical analyses. From this investigation, 73 metabolites were identified in the essential oils of the genotypes, from which α-pinene, β-myrcene, 1,8-cineole, linalool, neral, geranial, and caryophyllene oxide were the most abundant compounds among the accessions. This is the first report disclosing α-pinene in higher amounts in L. alba (19.69%). In addition, sabinene, trans-verbenol, myrtenol, (E)-caryophyllene, α-guaiene, germacrene D, and α-bulnesene were also found in relevant quantities in some of the genotypes, and myrtenal and myrtenol could be well separated through the second dimension. Such results contributed to the understanding of the chemical composition of those new genotypes, being important to drive a future industrial applicability and studies in genetic breeding.

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