scholarly journals Challenge of diabetes mellitus and researchers’ contributions to its control

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 614-634
Author(s):  
Ayodele T. Odularu ◽  
Peter A. Ajibade
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Diabetes Type ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
The Past ◽  
Significant Events ◽  
Review Study ◽  
Type 3

Abstract The aim of this review study was to assess the past significant events on diabetes mellitus, transformations that took place over the years in the medical records of treatment, countries involved, and the researchers who brought about the revolutions. This study used the content analysis to report the existence of diabetes mellitus and the treatments provided by researchers to control it. The focus was mainly on three main types of diabetes (type 1, type 2, and type 3 diabetes). Ethical consideration has also helped to boost diabetic studies globally. The research has a history path from pharmaceuticals of organic-based drugs to metal-based drugs with their nanoparticles in addition to the impacts of nanomedicine, biosensors, and telemedicine. Ongoing and future studies in alternative medicine such as vanadium nanoparticles (metal nanoparticles) are promising.

POLIOMYELITIS IN CANADIAN ESKIMOS: LABORATORY STUDIES. V. TYPE 1 AND TYPE 3 POLIOMYELITIS ANTIBODY LEVELS IN BAFFIN ISLAND ESKIMOS

1954 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-125
Author(s):  
W. Wood ◽  
Eina M. Clark ◽  
F. T. Shimada ◽  
A. J. Rhodes
Keyword(s):  
Medical Records ◽  
Baffin Island ◽  
Tissue Cultures ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Poliomyelitis Virus ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
Antibody Levels ◽  
Type 3

Studies on the basic immunology of poliomyelitis in Canadian Eskimos have been continued. Some 87 sera collected from Eskimos at Pangnirtung, Baffin Island, have been examined for the presence of Type 1 and Type 3 poliomyelitis antibody by quantitative tests in tissue cultures. The same sera were previously examined for Type 2 antibody by quantitative tests in mice. The results of the three determinations are now presented together for comparison. These sera came from Eskimos aged 2 to 72 years of age. None of the Eskimos showed any evidence of paralysis. Examination of the medical records did not suggest that any paralytic disease had been present in this part of Baffin Island. Very few of the sera showed the presence of poliomyelitis antibody; thus, Type 1 antibody was demonstrated in the sera of 8%, Type 2 antibody in the sera of 9%, and Type 3 antibody in the sera of 14%. No significant number of Eskimos below the age of 45 years had acquired poliomyelitis antibody. The antibody titers mostly ranged between 10−1.0 and 10−2.0, and were significantly lower than the titers customarily found in recently paralyzed cases. These findings suggest that poliomyelitis infection occurred in Pangnirtung Eskimos many years before the date on which the samples were taken (1951). These results point to the worldwide prevalence of the three types of poliomyelitis virus.

The Microtomographic Evaluation of Marginal Bone Resorption of Immediately Loaded Scalloped Design Implant With Various Microthread Configurations in Canine Mandible: Pilot Study

2010 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 357-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Young-Seok Park ◽  
Seung-Pyo Lee ◽  
Chong-Hyun Han ◽  
Joo Hyun Kwon ◽  
Young-Chul Jung
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Bone Resorption ◽  
Bone Loss ◽  
Titanium Implant ◽  
Marginal Bone Loss ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Type 3

Abstract This study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of microthread geometry of scalloped design implant on marginal bone resorption. Four types of scalloped design titanium implant specimens were prepared. The type 1 implant had a machined scalloped collar, type 2 had a sandblasted and acid-etched scalloped collar, type 3 had horizontal microthreads, and type 4 had parabolic microthreads, which are parallel with the scalloped conical margin. Two implants of a type were randomly installed immediately after extraction in the mandible of a beagle dog. Definitive prostheses were delivered immediately after surgery. After 12 weeks of healing, the dog was sacrificed and microtomography was performed. Type 4 specimens showed a marginal bone loss pattern definitively analogous to the scalloped margin. In this preliminary study, microthread geometry affected the marginal bone resorption pattern of scalloped design implants. However, additional specimens and more controlled conditions should be applied in future studies to confirm these results.

scholarly journals Imaginary Worlds: The Status of Simulation Modeling in Claims for Cost-Effectiveness In Diabetes Mellitus

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul C Langley ◽  
Taeho Greg Rhee
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Simulation Modeling ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Impact

Over the past 20 years a number of simulations or models have been developed as a basis for tracking and evaluating the impact of pharmacological and other interventions in type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus. These models have typically tracked the natural course of these diseases generating long-term composite claims for cost-effectiveness. These claims can extend over the lifetime of the modeled patient cohort. Set against the standards of normal science, however, these claims lack credibility. The claims presented are all too often either immune to failure or are presented in a form that is non-testable. As such they fail to meet the key experimental requirements of falsification and replication. Unfortunately, there is a continuing belief that long-term or lifetime models are essential to decision-making. This is misplaced. The purpose of this review is to argue that there is a pressing need to reconsider the needs of health system decision makers and focus on modeled or simulated claims that are meaningful, testable, reportable and replicable in evaluating interventions in diabetes mellitus.   Type: Commentary

POLIOMYELITIS IN CANADIAN ESKIMOS: LABORATORY STUDIES. V. TYPE 1 AND TYPE 3 POLIOMYELITIS ANTIBODY LEVELS IN BAFFIN ISLAND ESKIMOS

1954 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-125
Author(s):  
W. Wood ◽  
Eina M. Clark ◽  
F. T. Shimada ◽  
A. J. Rhodes
Keyword(s):  
Medical Records ◽  
Baffin Island ◽  
Tissue Cultures ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Poliomyelitis Virus ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
Antibody Levels ◽  
Type 3

Studies on the basic immunology of poliomyelitis in Canadian Eskimos have been continued. Some 87 sera collected from Eskimos at Pangnirtung, Baffin Island, have been examined for the presence of Type 1 and Type 3 poliomyelitis antibody by quantitative tests in tissue cultures. The same sera were previously examined for Type 2 antibody by quantitative tests in mice. The results of the three determinations are now presented together for comparison. These sera came from Eskimos aged 2 to 72 years of age. None of the Eskimos showed any evidence of paralysis. Examination of the medical records did not suggest that any paralytic disease had been present in this part of Baffin Island. Very few of the sera showed the presence of poliomyelitis antibody; thus, Type 1 antibody was demonstrated in the sera of 8%, Type 2 antibody in the sera of 9%, and Type 3 antibody in the sera of 14%. No significant number of Eskimos below the age of 45 years had acquired poliomyelitis antibody. The antibody titers mostly ranged between 10−1.0 and 10−2.0, and were significantly lower than the titers customarily found in recently paralyzed cases. These findings suggest that poliomyelitis infection occurred in Pangnirtung Eskimos many years before the date on which the samples were taken (1951). These results point to the worldwide prevalence of the three types of poliomyelitis virus.

scholarly journals Validity of ICD-10-CM codes for determination of diabetes type for persons with youth-onset type 1 and type 2 diabetes

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. e000547 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gloria C Chi ◽  
Xia Li ◽  
Sara Y Tartof ◽  
Jeff M Slezak ◽  
Corinna Koebnick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Diabetes Type ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Icd 10

ObjectiveDiagnosis codes might be used for diabetes surveillance if they accurately distinguish diabetes type. We assessed the validity ofInternational Classification of Disease, 10th Revision, Clinical Modification(ICD-10-CM) codes to discriminate between type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) among health plan members with youth-onset (diagnosis age <20 years) diabetes.Research design and methods. Diabetes case identification and abstraction of diabetes type was done as part of the SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Study. The gold standard for diabetes type is the physician-assigned diabetes type documented in patients’ medical records. Using all healthcare encounters with ICD-10-CM codes for diabetes, we summarized codes within each encounter and determined diabetes type using percent of encounters classified as T2DM. We chose 50% as the threshold from a receiver operating characteristic curve because this threshold yielded the largest Youden’s index. Persons with ≥50% T2DM-coded encounters were classified as having T2DM. Otherwise, persons were classified as having T1DM. We calculated sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and accuracy overall and by demographic characteristics.ResultsAccording to the gold standard, 1911 persons had T1DM and 652 persons had T2DM (mean age (SD): 19.1 (6.5) years). We obtained 90.6% (95% CI 88.4% to 92.9%) sensitivity, 96.3% (95% CI 95.4% to 97.1%) specificity, 89.3% (95% CI 86.9% to 91.6%) positive predictive value, 96.8% (95% CI 96.0% to 97.6%) negative predictive value, and 94.8% (95% CI 94.0% to 95.7%) accuracy for discriminating T2DM from T1DM.ConclusionsICD-10-CM codes can accurately classify diabetes type for persons with youth-onset diabetes, showing promise for rapid, cost-efficient diabetes surveillance.

scholarly journals Nonspecific body reactivity in patients with diabetes mellitus depending on its type

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (2 (70)) ◽  
Author(s):  
O. A. Olenovych
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Functional Activity ◽  
Diabetes Type 2 ◽  
Diabetes Type ◽  
Immune Defense ◽  
Diabetes Type 1 ◽  
Patients With Diabetes

According to the results of complex assessment of integral haematological coefficients the development of endogenous intoxication was revealed in case of diabetes mellitus, whose intensity depends on the type of the disease and causes immune system disorganization. The decrease of functional activity of specific immunity as well as nonspecific one in case of diabetes mellitus leads to deregulation of cellular and humoral reactions and depends on diabetes type: in diabetes type 1 the reduction of nonspecific immunoresistance is contributed by microphages, in diabetes type 2 – by macrophages, accompanied by the deficiency of specific immune defense, reliably more significant in diabetes type 2.

AM:STARs: Asthma and Diabetes in Adolescents, Vol. 21, No. 1

2005 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Inner City ◽  
Acute Asthma ◽  
Diabetes Type ◽  
Making Sense ◽  
Asthma Exacerbations ◽  
Acute Asthma Exacerbations

Topics in Asthma and Diabetes in the Adolescent include: Part I Asthma: Update On Asthma Therapy: Making Sense Of The Guidelines For Adolescents With Asthma, The Management Of Acute Asthma Exacerbations, Asthma In Adolescents Living In The Inner City, Exercise And The Adolescent With Asthma, The Role Of Allergen Exposure And Avoidance In Asthma, Asthma Education: Pitfalls And Solutions. Part II Diabetes:* Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus In Adolescents, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus In Adolescents, Other Forms of Diabetes in Adolescents, Technological Advancements in Diabetes Care, Psychological Problems In Adolescents With Diabetes.

scholarly journals A Study on the Influence of Number/Distribution of Sensing Points of the Smart Insoles on the Center of Pressure Estimation for the Internet of Things Applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 2934
Author(s):  
Li-Wei Chou ◽  
Jun-Hong Shen ◽  
Hui-Ting Lin ◽  
Yi-Tung Yang ◽  
Wen-Pin Hu
Keyword(s):  
Center Of Pressure ◽  
Pressure Sensing ◽  
The Past ◽  
Consequent Reduction ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Simplified Calculation ◽  
Type 3 ◽  
The Internet Of Things

The past decade has seen the emergence of numerous new wearable devices, including many that have been widely adopted by both physicians and consumers. In this paper, we discuss the design and application of smart insoles to measure gait and plantar pressure. Herein, we investigate the potential applications of insoles with fewer sensing spots and the consequent reduction in the amount of data acquired from both feet. The main purpose is to discuss the influence of the layout of these pressure sensing points of the insole design on the center of pressure (COP) calculation. The insole used in this study has 89 pressure sensing spots, and we used data from 36, 29, 20, and 11 sensing points in simplified calculation types. Among these four simplified calculation types, Type 1 exhibited the best accuracy of the COP calculation, and Type 4 obtained the worst results. Type 2 and Type 3 exhibited inferior accuracy of the COP calculation, but they still sufficed for applications that did not require high accuracy. Aside from the factor of the number of sensing spots used in the calculation, we also demonstrated that the location of selected sensors could influence the accuracy of COP calculation in the analyses by using the different combinations of metatarsal areas and other areas (heel, central, lateral toes, and hallux). The results of this research could be a reference for making a simplified form of pressure sensing Internet-of-Health Things (IoHT) insole with a reduced product cost.

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