scholarly journals Structural and functional changes in the central nervous system in the course of anorexia nervosa

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 321-330
Author(s):  
Michał Hys ◽  
Nikodem Skoczeń ◽  
Ewelina Soroka ◽  
Marcin Olajossy
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Fiber Tractography ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
The Brain

AbstractNew achievements within structural and functional imaging of central nervous system offer a basis for better understanding of the mechanisms underlying many mental disorders. In everyday clinical practice, we encounter many difficulties in the therapy of eating disorders. They are caused by a complex psychopathological picture, varied grounds of the problems experienced by patients, often poor motivation for active participation in the treatment process, difficulties in communication between patients and therapeutic staff, and various biological conditions of eating disorders. In this paper, the latest reports on new concepts and methods of diagnosis and treatment of anorexia nervosa have been analyzed. The selection of the analyzed publications was based on the criteria taking into account the time of publication, the size of research cohorts, as well as the experience of research teams in the field of nutritional disorders, confirmed by the number of works and their citations. The work aims to spread current information on anorexia nervosa neurobiology that would allow for determining the brain regions involved in the regulation of food intake, and consequently that may be a potential place where neurobiochemical processes responsible for eating disorders occur. In addition, using modern methods of structural imaging, the authors want to show some of the morphometric variations, particularly within white matter, occurring in patients suffering from anorexia nervosa, as well as those evaluated with magnetoencephalography of processes associated with the neuronal processing of information related to food intake. For example as regards anorexia nervosa, it was possible to localize the areas associated with eating disorders and broaden our knowledge about the changes in these areas that cause and accompany the illness. The described in this paper research studies using diffusion MRI fiber tractography showed the presence of changes in the white matter pathways of the brain, especially in the corpus callosum, which indicate a reduced content of myelin. These changes probably reflect malnutrition, and directly represent the effect of lipid deficiency. This leads to a weakening of the structure, and even cell death. In addition, there are more and more reports that show the normal volume of brain cells in patients with long-term remission of anorexia. It was also shown that in patients in remission stage there are functional changes within the amygdala in response to a task not related symptomatologically with anorexia nervosa. The appearing in the scientific literature data stating that in patients with anorexia nervosa there is a reduced density of GFAP + cells of the hippocampus and increased expression of vimentin and nestin, is also worth noting.

Neurophysiological status of adolescents, electronic passports and the development of health-saving technologies in the mountains of Kyrgyzstan

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.S. Dzhunusova ◽  
N.U. Sataeva ◽  
S.B. Ibraimov
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Functional State ◽  
The Body ◽  
State Of Health ◽  
Mountainous Areas ◽  
Key Words Hypoxia ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Functional State Of Health

The studies were carried out on adolescents-mountaineers living in high-mountainous areas (2800 m above sea level, in Naryn, Osh, Issyk-Kul regions, 260 people). The markers of the functional activity of the brain were revealed, which characterize maladjustment functional changes on the EEG. Information databases of EEG parameters of adolescents living at an altitude of 2800 m have been created with the identification of the peculiarities of regional EEG standards, "electronic passports of the functional state of health" of adolescents were developed. The systemic and intersystemic restructuring of the body was identified, allowing to distinguish groups of persons with an unstable functional state, exposed to stressful environmental influences. Key words: hypoxia, adolescents, central nervous system, EEG.

scholarly journals Mutual correlation of excited potentials of the brainwith the level of special physical training of football-players

2008 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 112-114
Author(s):  
L. V. Kapilevich ◽  
Ye. V. Zamoulina
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Physical Training ◽  
First Year ◽  
Football Players ◽  
Training Process ◽  
Mutual Correlation ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Brain

Decreased amplitude and increased latency of visual and cognitive excited potentials were revealed in football-players in the stage of prima ry special sports training in the first year of their training process. In the second training year, this amplitude is increased and latency is decreased. Forming special physical preparing of the football-players in the stage of primary sports specialization is mutually correlated with functional changes in the central nervous system which manifested in decreased latent period and increased amplitude of excited potentials of the brain.

Some Considerations of the Physical Factor in Delusional States

1939 ◽  
Vol 85 (354) ◽  
pp. 119-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Hemphill
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Physical Factor ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Biological Phenomena ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Brain

On the subject of the correlation of neurological lesions with psycho-pathological phenomena, two eminent neuro-histologists, the Werthams, have recently written: “It must be pointed out that in proportion to the extraordinary complexity and differentiation of the finer functions mediated by the central nervous system, histological lesions are very gross. However we may conceive of the functional processes going on in the central nervous system—physiological, physico-chemical, metabolic, electrical, etc.—it should be obvious that only the grossest miscarriages and defects would become morphologically visible. Structural lesions are the effect of functional reactions that are not histologically demonstrable. Physico-chemical changes, metabolic processes, functional changes of blood-vessels, and similar biological phenomena that cannot be micro-histologically demonstrated, precede the anatomically visible lesions which occur only where the processes have attained a certain intensity. What we can demonstrate histologically in the nervous parenchyma is not by any means an adequate basis for the understanding of the quality, intensity or normality of nervous functions. In a patient who dies in the convulsions of tetanus, the anterior horn-cells may reveal nothing abnormal. Even the most minute and complete histological examination of the central nervous system in a case may fail to reveal any evidence of an existing profound disorder of brain function. There are cases of idiocy of the severest type in which no significant histological changes may be demonstrable in the brain.”

Micro Vascularization of the Cerebral Cortex in Frontal and Parietal Lobes of the Rabbit (Oryctolagus Cunniculus)

1999 ◽  
Vol 5 (S2) ◽  
pp. 1208-1209
Author(s):  
R.P. Chopard ◽  
C.I. Conegero ◽  
I. Watanabe ◽  
R. Ocaña
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Blood Circulation ◽  
Brain Cortex ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Circulation System ◽  
Parietal Lobes ◽  
Blood Circulation System ◽  
The Brain

In order to warrant the blood supply to the nervous system it is necessary an efficient and intact blood circulation system, where the pattern of vascularization is of fundamental importance. In this way, we intend to demonstrate the tridimensional architecture and the pattern of vascularization in the region of the brain cortex of frontal and parietal lobes. There for, our proposal is to study the microvascularization of the rabbit cortex (Oryctologus cuniculus).The studies about blood irrigation of the brain regions are very important to verify the capilar nets and their relations with intensity of blood flux in specified regions of central nervous system.The articles about vascularization that uses models obtained by the injection of aloplastic materials whose viscosity is similar to the blood's that allows the difusion until the capilar net was introduced by Murakami (1971). Lametschwandter et al (1984), studied aspects of corrosion technique to microvascular models.

Fever-specific changes in central MSH and CRF concentrations

1985 ◽  
Vol 248 (1) ◽  
pp. R125-R129
Author(s):  
M. Holdeman ◽  
O. Khorram ◽  
W. K. Samson ◽  
J. M. Lipton
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Heat Exposure ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Corticotropin Releasing Factor ◽  
Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Septal Region ◽  
Tissue Extracts ◽  
Central Gray ◽  
The Brain

The concentration of melanocyte-stimulating hormone (melanotropin; MSH) within the septal region of the brain increases during the fever, and septal injections of MSH are antipyretic. Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF), when injected intracerebroventricularly, is also antipyretic. Using sensitive radioimmunoassays of microdissected tissue extracts, we established the presence of immunoreactive MSH (IRMSH) and CRF (IRCRF) within discrete central nervous system sites of the rabbit. Leukocytic pyrogen-induced fever and hyperthermia due to heat exposure did not alter concentrations of IRMSH or IRCRF in tissue extracted from preoptic-anterior hypothalamic or midbrain central gray regions. However, significantly greater levels of IRMSH were detected in septal extracts of febrile rabbits than in similar extracts from afebrile controls or heat-stressed animals. A significant decrease in IRCRF was detected in paraventricular nucleus extracts from febrile animals compared with extracts from afebrile controls or heat-stressed rabbits. Our results support the hypothesis that these central peptides have a role in temperature control during fever. Since no changes were detected in extracts from hyperthermic rabbits, it appears that changes in concentration of these neuropeptides within particular brain regions are specific to the febrile state and are not caused by elevation of body temperature or by nonspecific stress.

scholarly journals Spreading of multiple Listeria monocytogenes abscesses via central nervous system fiber tracts: case report

2015 ◽  
Vol 123 (6) ◽  
pp. 1593-1599 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel W. Bojanowski ◽  
Romuald Seizeur ◽  
Khaled Effendi ◽  
Patrick Bourgouin ◽  
Elsa Magro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Distinct Pattern ◽  
Similar Process ◽  
Fiber Tracts ◽  
White Matter Fiber Tracts ◽  
The Brain

Animal studies have shown that Listeria monocytogenes can probably access the brain through a peripheral intraneural route, and it has been suggested that a similar process may occur in humans. However, thus far, its spreading through the central nervous system (CNS) has not been completely elucidated. The authors present a case of multiple L. monocytogenes cerebral abscesses characterized by a pattern of distribution that suggested spread along white matter fiber tracts and reviewed the literature to identify other cases for analysis. They elected to include only those cases with 3 or more cerebral abscesses to make sure that the distribution was not random, but rather followed a pattern. In addition, they included those cases with abscesses in both the brainstem and the cerebral hemispheres, but excluded cases in which abscesses were located solely in the brainstem. Of 77 cases of L. monocytogenes CNS abscesses found in the literature, 17 involved multiple abscesses. Of those, 6 were excluded for lack of imaging and 3 because they involved only the brainstem. Of the 8 remaining cases from the literature, one was a case of bilateral abscesses that did not follow a fiber tract; another was also bilateral, but with lesions appearing to follow fiber tracts on one side; and in the remaining 6, to which the authors added their own case for a total of 7, all the abscesses were located exclusively in the same hemisphere and distributed along white matter fiber tracts. The findings suggest that after entering the CNS, L. monocytogenes travels within the axons, resulting in a characteristic pattern of distribution of multiple abscesses along the white matter fiber tracts in the brain. This report is the first description suggesting intraaxonal CNS spread of L. monocytogenes infection in humans following its entry into the brain. This distinct pattern is clearly seen on imaging and its recognition may be valuable in the diagnosis of listeriosis. This finding may allow for earlier diagnosis, which may improve outcome.

scholarly journals Encephalitis in the Newborn Pup due to a Canine Herpesvirus

1968 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. H. Percy ◽  
H. J. Olander ◽  
L. E. Carmichael
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Experimental Infection ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Canine Herpesvirus ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Histopathologic Findings ◽  
The Brain

A puppy with natural infection, none of 4 puppies examined 18 to 48 hours after experimental infection, and all of 13 puppies examined 3 to 9 days after experimental infection with a canine herpesvirus had lesions of the central nervous system. These constituted a non-suppurative meningoencephalomyelitis, characterized by focal and segmental destruction of gray and white matter and diffuse and focal microgliosis. In general, the gray matter was most severely involved, especially within the brain stem. The histopathologic findings in this disease are comparable to those in other herpetic encephalitides.

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