Multi-Period Water Network Synthesis for Eco Industrial Parks considering Regeneration and Reuse

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sumit Bishnu ◽  
Patrick Linke ◽  
Sabla Alnouri ◽  
Mahmoud El-Halwagi
Keyword(s):  
Water Reuse ◽  
Planning Horizon ◽  
Network Synthesis ◽  
Planning Problem ◽  
Treatment Unit ◽  
Freshwater Streams ◽  
Network Cost ◽  
Industrial Parks ◽  
Source To Sink ◽  
Planning Approach

Abstract A multi-period planning approach for water reuse and regeneration networks in Eco-Industrial Parks (EIPs) is presented. The objective of the optimization problem is to determine the lowest network cost design for such systems, by taking into account an entire planning horizon. A source-to-sink mapping approach has been proposed to formulate the multi-period planning problem. Water sources can either be allocated to water sinks, treatment units or discharged to environment. Freshwater streams and treated water are made available to mix with water sinks to enable reuse between plants. Waste water is allowed to be discharged into environment at threshold contaminant levels. The problem has been illustrated initially with two-stage centralized treatment unit, then by considering a hybrid treatment setup consisting of both centralized and decentralized options. The results obtained indicate considerable cost reductions, when compared to those developed separately for each individual period. Moreover, a decrease in the complexity of the water networks has also been observed, when simultaneously considering the entire planning horizon.

Crisp and Fuzzy Optimisation Approaches for Water Network Retrofit

2007 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Seingheng Hul ◽  
Denny K. S. Ng ◽  
Raymond R Tan ◽  
Choon-Lai Chiang ◽  
Dominic C. Y. Foo
Keyword(s):  
Linear Programming ◽  
Water Reuse ◽  
Process Integration ◽  
Paper Mill ◽  
Mixed Integer ◽  
Network Synthesis ◽  
Water Recovery ◽  
Water Network ◽  
Real Process ◽  
Integration Techniques

Material reuse/recycle has gained much attention in recent years for both economic and environmental reasons. Process integration techniques for water network synthesis have evolved rapidly in the past decade. With in-plant water reuse/recycle, fresh water and wastewater flowrates are reduced simultaneously. In this work, linear programming and mixed integer linear programming models that include piping cost and process constraints are developed to retrofit an existing water network in a paper mill that was not originally designed with process integration techniques. Five scenarios are presented, each representing different aspects of decision-making in real process integration projects. The fifth scenario makes use of fuzzy optimisation to achieve a compromise solution that considers the inherent conflict between maximising water recovery and minimising capital cost for retrofit.

Hydrogen-driven denitrification of wastewater in an anaerobic submerged membrane bioreactor: potential for water reuse

2006 ◽  
Vol 54 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 207-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Rezania ◽  
J.A. Oleszkiewicz ◽  
N. Cicek
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Water Reuse ◽  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Membrane Bioreactor ◽  
Hydrogen Transfer ◽  
Produced Water ◽  
Treatment Unit ◽  
Submerged Membrane Bioreactor ◽  
Delivery Unit ◽  
Final Effluent

An anaerobic submerged membrane bioreactor was coupled with a novel hydrogen delivery system for hydrogenotrophic denitrification of municipal final effluent containing nitrate. The biological treatment unit and hydrogen delivery unit were proven successful in removing nitrate and delivering hydrogen, respectively. Complete hydrogen transfer resulted in reducing nitrate below detectable levels at a loading of 0.14 kg N m−3 d−1. The produced water met all drinking water guidelines except for color and organic carbon. However, the organic carbon was removed by 72% mostly by membrane rejection. To reduce the organic carbon and color of the effluent, post treatment of the produced water is required.

scholarly journals Sewer Mining as a Distributed Intervention for Water-Energy-Materials in the Circular Economy Suitable for Dense Urban Environments: A Real World Demonstration in the City of Athens

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 2764
Author(s):  
Argyro Plevri ◽  
Klio Monokrousou ◽  
Christos Makropoulos ◽  
Christos Lioumis ◽  
Nikolaos Tazes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
Water Reuse ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Aquifer Recharge ◽  
Treatment Unit ◽  
Plant Nursery

Water reuse and recycling is gaining momentum as a way to improve the circularity of cities, while recognizing the central role of water within a circular economy (CE) context. However, such interventions often depend on the location of wastewater treatment plants and the treatment technologies installed in their premises, while relying on an expensive piped network to ensure that treated wastewater gets transported from the treatment plant to the point of demand. Thus, the penetration level of treated wastewater as a source of non-potable supply in dense urban environments is limited. This paper focuses on the demonstration of a sewer mining (SM) unit as a source of treated wastewater, as part of a larger and more holistic configuration that examines all three ‘streams’ associated with water in CE: water, energy and materials. The application area is the Athens Plant Nursery, in the (water stressed) city of Athens, Greece. SM technology is in fact a mobile wastewater treatment unit in containers able to extract wastewater from local sewers, treat it directly and reuse at the point of demand even in urban environments with limited space. The unit consists of a membrane bioreactor unit (MBR) and a UV disinfection unit and produces high quality reclaimed water for irrigation and also for aquifer recharge during the winter. Furthermore, a short overview of the integrated nutrient and energy recovery subsystem is presented in order to conceptualise the holistic approach and circularity of the whole configuration. The SM technology demonstrates flexibility, scalability and replicability, which are important characteristics for innovation uptake within the emerging CE context and market.

A SAT-Based Planning Approach for Finding Logical Attacks on Cryptographic Protocols

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Noureddine Aribi ◽  
Yahia Lebbah
Keyword(s):  
Model Checking ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Cryptographic Protocols ◽  
Protocol Verification ◽  
Planning Problem ◽  
Multiparty Communication ◽  
Planning Approach ◽  
Security Properties ◽  
Sat Solver ◽  
Security Property

Cryptographic protocols form the backbone of digital society. They are concurrent multiparty communication protocols that use cryptography to achieve security goals such as confidentiality, authenticity, integrity, etc., in the presence of adversaries. Unfortunately, protocol verification still represents a critical task and a major cost to engineer attack-free security protocols. Model checking and SAT-based techniques proved quite effective in this context. This article proposes an efficient automatic model checking approach that exemplifies a security property violation. In this approach, a protocol verification is abstracted as a compact planning problem, which is efficiently solved by a state-of-the-art SAT solver. The experiments performed on some real-world cryptographic protocols succeeded in detecting new logical attacks, violating some security properties. Those attacks encompass both “type flaw” and “replay” attacks, which are difficult to tackle with the existing planning-based approaches.

Optimization Methods for Lot-Sizing Problem in an Automated Foundry

2013 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 863-866 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Duda ◽  
A. Stawowy
Keyword(s):  
Production Planning ◽  
Lot Sizing ◽  
Planning Horizon ◽  
Optimization Methods ◽  
Mixed Integer ◽  
Planning Problem ◽  
Lot Size ◽  
Mip Model ◽  
Production Planning Problem ◽  
Problem Instances

Abstract In the paper we studied a production planning problem in a mid-size foundry that provides tailor-made cast products in small lots for a large number of clients. Assuming that a production bottleneck is the furnace, a mixed-integer programming (MIP) model is proposed to determine the lot size of the items and the required alloys to be produced during each period of the finite planning horizon that is subdivided into smaller periods. As using an advanced commercial MIP solvers may be impractical for more complex and large problem instances, we proposed and compared a few computational intelligence heuristics i.e. tabu search, genetic algorithm and differential evolution. The examination showed that heuristic approaches can provide a good compromise between speed and quality of solutions and can be used in real-world production planning.

scholarly journals Treatment of wastewater from a carbon monoxide production unit aimed at water reuse

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. B. Almada ◽  
G. A. T. Fontoura ◽  
D. M. Bila ◽  
G. L. Sant'Anna ◽  
M. Dezotti
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Water Reuse ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Production Unit ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Quality Level ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Treatment Unit

The industrial wastewater from a carbon monoxide production unit was treated by physico-chemical processes in order to achieve a quality level appropriate for reuse. In preliminary tests, coagulation/flocculation (CF), sand filtration and activated carbon adsorption were investigated in order to select the materials and the process conditions. Based on the results a combined treatment was proposed: CF followed by down-flow filtration in a combined medium (sand and granular activated carbon). The results obtained in a bench-scale treatment unit showed that the combined treatment removed wastewater turbidity (95%), total suspended solids (97%), volatile suspended solids (81%), chemical oxygen demand (74%) and dissolved organic carbon (65%). Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were removed to non-detectable levels. The residual conductivity of the treated wastewater is a matter of concern, and considering the water characteristics of this industrial process, a reuse scheme was proposed based on on-line monitoring and control of conductivity and partial reuse of the treated wastewater.

scholarly journals A Multiagent Planning Approach for Cooperative Patrolling with Non-Stationary Adversaries

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (05) ◽  
pp. 1760018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aurélie Beynier
Keyword(s):  
Response Strategy ◽  
Planning Problem ◽  
Uncertain Environments ◽  
Illegal Fishing ◽  
Best Response ◽  
Planning Approach ◽  
History Of ◽  
Multiagent Planning ◽  
On Line ◽  
Over Time

Multiagent patrolling is the problem faced by a set of agents that have to visit a set of sites to prevent or detect some threats or illegal actions. Although it is commonly assumed that patrollers share a common objective, the issue of cooperation between the patrollers has received little attention. Over the last years, the focus has been put on patrolling strategies to prevent a one-shot attack from an adversary. This adversary is usually assumed to be fully rational and to have full observability of the system. Most approaches are then based on game theory and consists in computing a best response strategy. Nonetheless, when patrolling frontiers, detecting illegal fishing or poaching; patrollers face multiple adversaries with limited observability and rationality. Moreover, adversaries can perform multiple illegal actions over time and space and may change their strategies as time passes. In this paper, we propose a multiagent planning approach that enables effective cooperation between a team of patrollers in uncertain environments. Patrolling agents are assumed to have partial observability of the system. Our approach allows the patrollers to learn a generic and stochastic model of the adversaries based on the history of observations. A wide variety of adversaries can thus be considered with strategies ranging from random behaviors to fully rational and informed behaviors. We show that the multiagent planning problem can be formalized by a non-stationary DEC- POMDP. In order to deal with the non-stationary, we introduce the notion of context. We then describe an evolutionary algorithm to compute patrolling strategies on-line, and we propose methods to improve the patrollers’ performance.

scholarly journals A Constraint-based Mission Planning Approach for Reconfigurable Multi-Robot Systems

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (62) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Thomas M Roehr
Keyword(s):  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Resource Constraints ◽  
Mission Planning ◽  
General Nature ◽  
Planning Problem ◽  
Modular Systems ◽  
Planning Approach ◽  
Robot Systems ◽  
Revised Definitions ◽  
Multi Robot

The application of reconfigurable multi-robot systems introduces additional degrees of freedom to design robotic missions compared to classical multi-robot systems. To allow for autonomous operation of such systems, planning approaches have to be investigated that cannot only cope with the combinatorial challenge arising from the increased flexibility of modular systems, but also exploit this flexibility to improve for example the safety of operation. While the problem originates from the domain of robotics it is of general nature and significantly intersects with operations research. This paper suggests a constraint-based mission planning approach, and presents a set of revised definitions for reconfigurable multi-robot systems including the representation of the planning problem using spatially and temporally qualified resource constraints. Planning is performed using a multi-stage approach and a combined use of knowledge-based reasoning, constraint-based programming and integer linear programming. The paper concludes with the illustration of the solution of a planned example mission.

scholarly journals Forest management for optimizing soil protection: a landscape-level approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Raquel Rodrigues ◽  
Susete Marques ◽  
Brigite Botequim ◽  
Marco Marto ◽  
José G. Borges
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Planning Horizon ◽  
Programming Approach ◽  
Soil Protection ◽  
Planning Problem ◽  
Management Problem ◽  
Critical Periods ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Landscape Level

Abstract Background Soil erosion is still identified as the main cause of land degradation worldwide, threatening soil functions and driving several research and policy efforts to reverse it. Trees are commonly associated to some of the most successful land-use systems to achieve soil protection goals, but the extent to which forest ecosystems reduce erosion risks can largely depend on management decisions and associated silvicultural practices. Optimization tools can assist foresters in solving the complex planning problem they face, concerning the demand for different, and often conflicting, ecosystem services. A resource capability model (RCM), based on a linear programming approach, was built and solved for a forest landscape management problem in Northwest Portugal, over a 90-years planning horizon, divided in 10-years periods. Results Timber provision and soil erosion were found to be in trade-off. The management alternatives included in the model were proven to be sufficiently flexible to obtain the desired level of timber yield, both in volume and even distribution along the planning horizon, while ensuring lower levels of soil loss estimates (below 35 Mg∙ha− 1∙year− 1). However, under climate change conditions, compatible with an increasing greenhouse gases emission scenario, potential landscape soil erosion may be enhanced up to 46 Mg∙ha− 1∙year− 1 in critical periods. Conclusions Soil conservation concerns in landscape-level forest management planning can be addressed by LP-based optimization methods. Besides providing an optimal management solution at landscape level, this approach enables a comprehensive analysis of the RCM, possible trade-offs and potential changes towards uncertainties.

scholarly journals Minimum-jerk trajectory planning pertaining to a translational 3-degree-of-freedom parallel manipulator through piecewise quintic polynomials interpolation

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 168781402091366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Song Lu ◽  
Bingxiao Ding ◽  
Yangmin Li
Keyword(s):  
Trajectory Planning ◽  
Virtual Work ◽  
Angular Position ◽  
Programming Algorithm ◽  
Planning Problem ◽  
Typical Application ◽  
Parallel Kinematic Manipulator ◽  
Minimum Jerk ◽  
Planning Approach ◽  
Parallel Kinematic

This article aims to present a minimum-jerk trajectory planning approach to address the smooth trajectory generation problem of 3-prismatic-universal-universal translational parallel kinematic manipulator. First, comprehensive kinematics and dynamics characteristics of this 3-prismatic-universal-universal parallel kinematic manipulator are analyzed by virtue of the accepted link Jacobian matrices and proverbial virtual work principle. To satisfy indispensable continuity and smoothness requirements, the discretized piecewise quintic polynomials are employed to interpolate the sequence of joints’ angular position knots which are transformed from these predefined via-points in Cartesian space. Furthermore, the trajectory planning problem is directly converted into a constrained nonlinear multi-variables optimization problem of which objective function is to minimize the maximum of the joints’ angular jerk throughout the whole trajectory. Finally, two typical application simulations using the reliable sequential quadratic programming algorithm demonstrate that this proposed minimum-jerk trajectory planning approach is of explicit feasibility and appreciable effectiveness.

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