‘Reddish Green’ – Wittgenstein on Concepts and the Limits of the Empirical

Bernhard Ritter

doi:10.1515/cpt-2016-0001

‘Reddish Green’ – Wittgenstein on Concepts and the Limits of the Empirical

Conceptus ◽

10.1515/cpt-2016-0001 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 42 (101-102) ◽

pp. 1-19

Author(s):

Bernhard Ritter

Keyword(s):

Plausible Account ◽

System A ◽

Notational System

AbstractA “concept” in the sense favoured by Wittgenstein is a paradigm for a transition between parts of a notational system. A concept-determining sentence such as “There is no reddish green” registers the absence of such a transition. This suggests a plausible account of what is perceived in an experiment that was first designed by Crane and Piantanida, who claim to have induced perceptions of reddish green. I shall propose a redescription of the relevant phenomena, invoking only ordinary colour concepts. This redescription is not ruled out by anything the experimenters say. It accounts for certain peculiarities in both their descriptions and their subjects’, and suggests that instead of discovering forbidden colours the experimenters introduced a new use of “-ish”. Still, there is a point in speaking of “reddish green” in their context, which can be motivated by invoking what Wittgenstein calls a “physiognomy”.

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Notational analysis of UEFA Europa League match Malmö FF - Chelsea FC

Sport — nauka i praksa = Sport — Science And Practice ◽

10.5937/snp2002047l ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 47-58

Author(s):

Predrag Lazarević ◽

Srđan Milosavljević ◽

Slavko Petrović

Keyword(s):

System A ◽

Notational Analysis ◽

Offensive Tactics ◽

The Moment ◽

Number Of Passes ◽

Notational System ◽

Significant Factors ◽

The Way

The purpose of using notation analysis is to collect as much data as possible regarding the abilities and characteristics of individual players, as well as the entire team. Using the collected database, coaches can make objective decisions about the way individual players and the entire team play. The paper analyzes a match between FF Malmӧ and FC Chelsea, played in the UEFA Europa League round of 32. The overall score was 1:2 for Chelsea. A notational scouting analysis was conducted using a programme called Pinnacle Studio 15. Offensive actions were analyzed, from the moment the team came into possession of the ball. Player activities were recorded by means of the notational system. A total of 30 elements of offensive tactics were monitored. The possession of the ball (66/34), the total and the totally correct significantly higher number of passes (781/321; 741/265), the shot on goal inside the penalty area (4/1) and the higher percentage of successful dribbles in the game 1:1 (68, 75/50) can be singled out as significant factors in the end result in favor of FC Chelsea. All that has been analyzed indicates the way FF Malmö plays, as well as the way in which one should stand against such a play, which is the primary goal and reason for conducting the notational analysis.

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Descriptions of improvisational thinking by expert musicians trained in different cultural traditions

10.31234/osf.io/gfnrj ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Martin Norgaard ◽

Matthew Dunaway ◽

Steven Patrick Black

Keyword(s):

Visual Representation ◽

The United States ◽

Pitch Contour ◽

Cultural Traditions ◽

Cognitive Constraints ◽

Musical Tradition ◽

System A ◽

Musical Traditions ◽

The Moment ◽

Notational System

Research about improvisation often focuses on one musical tradition. The current study investigated descriptions of thinking behind improvisation in different cultural traditions through interviews with advanced improvisers residing in a metropolitan area in the United States. The participants were rigorously trained in their tradition and have performance experience within it. However, as immigrants they are experienced in communicating with Western audiences and conversant in Western ways of thinking about music. Immediately after completing the improvisation, each participant listened to a recording and looked at its visual representation, while describing the underlying thinking. The visual representation showed pitch contour and note length without reference to any notational system. A thematic analysis revealed eight main themes: Licks and Conventions describe how prelearned material and convention guided creation; Reaction, Forward Looking, and Repetition & Variety outline various processes that shape creation in the moment; and Aesthetics, Communication, and Emotion provide clues to the improvisers’ motivation behind choices. Interestingly, the use of prelearned patterns appear to facilitate improvisations in all the traditions represented. This and other identified strategies appearing cross-culturally may be shaped by shared cognitive constraints. These shared strategies may also facilitate understanding as educators broaden their curricula to multiple musical traditions.

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New Design for a Differentially Pumped Hydration Chamber for a Siemens IA

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s042482010006427x ◽

1971 ◽

Vol 29 ◽

pp. 44-45

Author(s):

R. C. Moretz ◽

G. G. Hausner ◽

D. F. Parsons

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Water Vapor ◽

Electron Diffraction ◽

Water Vapor Pressure ◽

Biological Materials ◽

Thin Membrane ◽

Reliable System ◽

System A ◽

Water Films ◽

Aperture Opening

Electron microscopy and diffraction of biological materials in the hydrated state requires the construction of a chamber in which the water vapor pressure can be maintained at saturation for a given specimen temperature, while minimally affecting the normal vacuum of the remainder of the microscope column. Initial studies with chambers closed by thin membrane windows showed that at the film thicknesses required for electron diffraction at 100 KV the window failure rate was too high to give a reliable system. A single stage, differentially pumped specimen hydration chamber was constructed, consisting of two apertures (70-100μ), which eliminated the necessity of thin membrane windows. This system was used to obtain electron diffraction and electron microscopy of water droplets and thin water films. However, a period of dehydration occurred during initial pumping of the microscope column. Although rehydration occurred within five minutes, biological materials were irreversibly damaged. Another limitation of this system was that the specimen grid was clamped between the apertures, thus limiting the yield of view to the aperture opening.

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High-resolution electron microscopy of Cu2O surfaces

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100143584 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 44 ◽

pp. 396-397

Author(s):

V. Castano ◽

W. Krakow

Keyword(s):

High Resolution ◽

Natural Extension ◽

High Resolution Electron Microscopy ◽

Point Of View ◽

Initial Oxidation ◽

System A ◽

Resolution Electron ◽

Surface Reconstructions ◽

Atomic Surface ◽

Au Thin Films

In non-UHV microscope environments atomic surface structure has been observed for flat-on for various orientations of Au thin films and edge-on for columns of atoms in small particles. The problem of oxidation of surfaces has only recently been reported from the point of view of high resolution microscopy revealing surface reconstructions for the Ag2O system. A natural extension of these initial oxidation studies is to explore other materials areas which are technologically more significant such as that of Cu2O, which will now be described.

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Twin boundary structure of a Y-Ba-Cu-O superconductor

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100152811 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 47 ◽

pp. 168-169

Author(s):

Yimei Zhu ◽

Masaki Suenaga ◽

R. L. Sabatini ◽

Youwen Xu

Keyword(s):

Twin Boundary ◽

Fine Particles ◽

Imaging Techniques ◽

Fine Powder ◽

Orthorhombic Phase ◽

Boundary Structure ◽

Crystallographic Axis ◽

System A ◽

High Resolution Structure ◽

Electron Microscopes

The (110) twin structure of YBa2Cu3O7 superconductor oxide, which is formed to reduce the strain energy of the tetragonal to orthorhombic phase transformation by alternating the a-b crystallographic axis across the boundary, was extensively investigated. Up to now the structure of the twin boundary still remained unclear. In order to gain insight into the nature of the twin boundary in Y-Ba-Cu-O system, a study using electron diffraction techniques including optical and computed diffractograms, as well as high resolution structure imaging techniques with corresponding computer simulation and processing was initiated.Bulk samples of Y-Ba-Cu-O oxide were prepared as described elsewhere. TEM specimens were produced by crushing bulk samples into a fine powder, dispersing the powder in acetone, and suspending the fine particles on a holey carbon grid. The electron microscopy during this study was performed on both a JEOL 2000EX and 2000FX electron microscopes operated at 200 kV.

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Speech Therapy Services in a Large School System: A Six-Year Overview

Language Speech and Hearing Services in Schools ◽

10.1044/0161-1461.0704.207 ◽

1976 ◽

Vol 7 (4) ◽

pp. 207-219 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Constance P. DesRoches

Keyword(s):

School System ◽

Speech Therapy ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Case Load ◽

Number Of Children ◽

School Population ◽

System A ◽

Therapy Services ◽

And Shifts ◽

Selection Factors

A statistical review provides analysis of four years of speech therapy services of a suburban school system which can be used for comparison with other school system programs. Included are data on the percentages of the school population enrolled in therapy, the categories of disabilities and the number of children in each category, the sex and grade-level distribution of those in therapy, and shifts in case-load selection. Factors affecting changes in case-load profiles are identified and discussed.

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