Stimmigkeit als Geltungsanspruch

2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (5) ◽  
pp. 587-606
Author(s):  
Matthias Jung ◽  
Magnus Schlette
Keyword(s):  
Embodied Cognition ◽  
Human Organism ◽  
Cultural Meanings ◽  
Validity Claim ◽  
Symbolic Communication ◽  
The World

Abstract Meanings are felt and lived by the human organism before they are articulated. Following insights from pragmatism and embodied cognition, this paper suggests that there is an ‘appropriate’ relationship between what is meant and was is expressed in words and actions that can be formulated as a hitherto neglected yet crucial validity claim, namely congruity (Stimmigkeit). Congruity is what connects the meaningfulness implicit in living a life with the articulated meanings of symbolic communication. We distinguish between the intertwined aspects of (1) semiotic congruity, the fusion between sensual patterns and semiotic meanings, (2) performative congruity, the freedom and ability to articulate qualitatively experienced meaningfulness, and (3) hermeneutic congruity, the capability of achieving congruence between situational meanings and one’s entire being-in-the-world. The latter presupposes a synthesis of horizontal (biographical and experiental) and vertical (pertaining to the relation between the several strata of cultural meanings) congruity.

USE OF ESSENTIAL FATTY ACIDS AND THEIR ROLE IN THE HUMAN ORGANISM DEVELOPMENT

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 1219-1225
Author(s):  
Filip Jovanovski ◽  
Toni Mitrovski ◽  
Viktorija Bezhovska
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Essential Fatty Acids ◽  
Normal Growth ◽  
The Body ◽  
Human Nutrition ◽  
Human Organism ◽  
Working Ability ◽  
The World ◽  
Growth Development

Food is not just a pleasure in life, it is also an important factor for our health. Human nutrition is a mixture of nutrients, which are the only source of energy needed for survival. Energy-poor diet endangers many life functions, and above all the working ability. In the world, the meaning of the diet is very serious, and hence the demands for a –rational, healthy and safe diet are growing. Human nutrition contains saturated and unsaturated fatty acids. Essential fatty acids (EFAs) must be ingested in everyday diet because the body does not produce it. They are very important for human health. They are present in each cell of the human body and are an important factor for the normal growth, development and functioning of cells, muscles, nerves and organs. They are also used in the production of certain hormones - such as prostaglandins, which are crucial for the performance of certain important processes. The deficit from EFAs is due to a number of health problems, including more serious diseases.

Über Normalität und Abweichung: Ein responsiver Ansatz

2020 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-100
Author(s):  
Michela Summa
Keyword(s):  
Human Organism ◽  
The World

AbstractThis article aims to highlight the relevance of Bernhard Waldenfels’ responsive phenomenology for questions related to normality and to the different kinds of deviation from what is taken tobe normal. The article begins with a discussion of two limit cases in the understanding of the concepts of normality and deviation: a strictly normative understanding, according to which each deviation is norm-deviation, and a descriptive understanding, according to which deviation is what underlies individuality. Considering Waldenfels’ responsive philosophy in connection with Kurt Goldstein’s and George Canguilhem’s philosophies of the organism, both understandings are critically discussed. In particular, the article shows how both views turn out to be one-sided and should be revised on the basis of a responsive account of the organism (particularly of the human organism) and its situated relation to circumstances, events, and affordances in the world it inhabits. The analysis of the different forms of responsiveness of the human organism, and notably the distinction between ‘catastrophic’ or pathological and ‘creative’ or organising kinds of responsiveness, can allow us to develop a relational and dynamic account of normality and deviation. Accordingly, neither normality nor deviation should be taken as univocally defined states; they should rather be reassessed on the basis of the processes in and through which order is interrupted, disturbed, and possibly reshaped or newly instituted.

scholarly journals Problem kategorii decyzji w kontekście naturalistycznego paradygmatu nauk społecznych

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 55-69
Author(s):  
Piotr Łukomski
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Causal Structure ◽  
Cultural Meanings ◽  
Control Structures ◽  
Theoretical Structure ◽  
The World ◽  
Human Autonomy ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Explanatory Structure

Artykuł przedstawia tezę, że decyzja rozumiana jako akt wyboru jest możliwa do wyjaśnienia w ramach teorii kontroli, która przekłada się na rzeczywistą autonomię człowieka. Decyzja w tym ujęciu nie jest typem fenomenu oderwanego od przyczynowej struktury świata ani też rodzajem poręcznej konstrukcji teoretycznej w wyjaśnianiu zachowań, ale funkcjonalnym aspektem umysłu zgodnym (kompatybilnym) z naturalistycznym obrazem świata, obejmującym również humanistykę. W ramach takiej struktury wyjaśniania możemy umieścić decyzje jako element struktur kontroli, które funkcjonują równolegle do struktur przyczynowości i stanowią niezbędny składnik każdego autonomicznego systemu. Co więcej, przy założeniu, że umysł spełnia funkcję semantycznego silnika możemy zarysować kierunek badań, w ramach którego semantyka (język oraz znaczenia i treści kultury) może być interpretowana jako podstawa wyborów (decyzji) dokonywanych w ramach kontekstu kulturowego. The Problem of the Category of Decisions in the Context of the Naturalistic Paradigm of Social Sciences The paper presents the thesis that a decision understood as an act of choice could be explained within the framework of the theory of control, which implicates real human autonomy. A decision in this perspective is not a type of phenomenon detached from the causal structure of the world, nor a kind of handy theoretical structure in explaining behaviour, but a functional aspect of the mind compatible with the naturalistic view of the world, including the humanities. Within such an explanatory structure, we can place decisions as part of the control structures that function alongside causality structures and are a necessary component of any autonomous system. Moreover, if the mind acts as a semantic engine, we can outline the direction of research within which semantics (language, cultural meanings, and content) can be interpreted as the basis for choices (decisions) made within the cultural context.

scholarly journals Cultural meanings of ethnic categories

1998 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Hodes ◽  
Jayne Creamer ◽  
James Woolley
Keyword(s):  
Peer Group ◽  
Health Planning ◽  
Child And Adolescent Psychiatry ◽  
Peer Culture ◽  
Cultural Meanings ◽  
Cultural Variables ◽  
Cultural Life ◽  
The World ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Ethnic Monitoring

This study investigated the links between aspects of cultural life and response to ethnic monitoring questions, and compared parental and adolescents' responses. Questionnaires were given to consecutive attenders at a child and adolescent psychiatry department situated in central London. Forty-seven parents participated, and 24 adolescents (aged 12–16 years) also completed questionnaires. Parents came from many parts of the world and their offspring were mostly born in the UK, but had varied cultural life with respect to language, peer group and diet. Just over half of the offspring were regarded as ‘White British’ by parents but the second largest group was that marked ‘other’, who all had mixed identity. There were differences in how parents described adolescents, especially in relation to peer culture. Since ethnic categories have limitations the data should be used carefully, and for many aspects of health planning and delivery other cultural variables would be useful. Consideration should be given to the need for specifying whether adolescents or their parents should respond to ethnic monitoring questions.

scholarly journals Philosophical and cultural dimensions of the transcendental

2013 ◽  
pp. 21-27
Author(s):  
L. Zelisko
Keyword(s):  
World Order ◽  
Explanatory Models ◽  
Cultural Dimensions ◽  
Cultural Meanings ◽  
Modern Life ◽  
Cultural Worldview ◽  
Cultural Life ◽  
The World ◽  
Deep Meaning ◽  
Spiritual Problems

Solving complex spiritual problems of modern life leads us to rethinking its higher meanings, absolute values, essences. Philosophical and cultural worldview, as the supreme form of knowledge and comprehension of the existence of the world and man, now directs the study of the root causes, the essential foundations of the world order, the disclosure of the deep meaning of what is happening to the world, society, culture and man, focuses on the creation of universal explanatory models of things, its individual components. Philosophical and cultural reflection as analytical means of cognition involves the ability to go beyond the real spheres of being and deduces the general cultural categories of the world of thought, such as being and non-being, God and soul, time and eternity, spirit and matter, death and immortality, etc. It is in the sense of reflexive activity of philosophical and cultural consciousness that it is possible to consider any phenomenon of being not in itself, but through the prism of the space of deep cultural meanings, which testifies to the metaphysical nature of culture, which is connected with the world of higher, absolute meanings and entities. In cultural studies, there is a tremendous experience with genesis and historical development of socio-cultural life, in particular, religious and philosophical culture.

A Company Odyssey in the South

2020 ◽  
pp. 257-273
Author(s):  
Philippe D’Iribarne ◽  
Sylvie Chevrier ◽  
Alain Henry ◽  
Jean-Pierre Segal ◽  
Geneviève Tréguer-Felten
Keyword(s):  
National Culture ◽  
World Bank ◽  
Corporate Culture ◽  
Emerging Countries ◽  
Cultural Meanings ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World ◽  
Cultural Traits ◽  
A Company

This chapter recounts the successive reforms experienced over almost thirty years by the Cameroon Electricity Corporation. Its history is emblematic of the issues facing companies in emerging countries. First of all, it illustrates the remarkable permanence, over the long term, of a set of Cameroonian cultural traits. However, these national culture specificities have only been addressed episodically during successive modernizations. The first part summarizes the analyses carried out in the early 1990s on the ‘hyper-centralization’ of the company and the subsequent implementation of a detailed procedures manual to reduce it. The second part displays the disappointing results of the universal management solutions later applied to comply with the privatization recommended by the World Bank. This story shows that changes in corporate culture are possible as long as they are in line with the persistent universes of cultural meanings.

scholarly journals Destruction of the Pretexts in Dystopia («The Slynx» by T. Tolstaya)

2020 ◽  
Vol 99 (3) ◽  
pp. 96-102
Author(s):  
A.P. Filimonova ◽  
◽  
Sh.M. Mazhitaeva ◽  
Zh.D. Rapisheva ◽  
M.J. Sonmez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Novel ◽  
Cultural Meanings ◽  
Cultural Paradigms ◽  
The World ◽  
Basic Characteristics

In this article, the authors consider the features of the intertext poetics employed in the novel «Slynx» by Tatyana Tolstaya. The genre of dystopia, which basic characteristics this novel reveals, is considered as a discourse that has established its normative features in a retrospective dialogue with previous texts. The pretexts widely presented in the novel and the nature of their interaction with the receiving text are revealed. Various forms of transformation of intertextual elements implicated in the narrative lead to a violation of the original meanings of the pretext, creates an ironic narrative intonation of the novel, and carries the author’s main artistic intentions. The linguistic transformation of logoepistemic texts in Tolstoy's novel represents the linguocognitive mutation of «post» society, its civilizational degradation. The destruction of the logocentric picture of the world indicates the impotence of the Word as a carrier of cultural meanings, its inability to structure a new valueable reality, or to restore lost connections with previous cultural paradigms.

scholarly journals Argentine Period of the Stepan Erzia’s Creativity (1927–1950). Searching and Findings

2020 ◽  
pp. 87-94
Author(s):  
Natalia Abramovna Rozenberg
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Art History ◽  
Buenos Aires ◽  
Visual Language ◽  
Tropical Species ◽  
Cultural Meanings ◽  
History Analysis ◽  
The Press ◽  
The World ◽  
Research Task

Relevance: The problem of studying the work of one of the outstanding masters of the Russian Diaspora – Stephan Erzia, who created several hundred sculp-tures in Argentina, has been raised. Their specificity, connection with the culture of the country hasn’t been studied properly, and cultural and art history analysis has not been carried out. At the same time, identifying the reasons why the Argentineans per-ceive his art in relation to the Argentine one, is an essential research task. Moreover, Erzia’s exhibitions of recent years, held in Buenos Aires, Moscow and St. Petersburg, were successful. Novelty: The uniqueness of Erzia’s work is due to his double mentality. He saw the world not only as Russian, but also as Argentinean. New cultural meanings are in-dicated in the problems of his sculptures and in the visual language itself. Erzia’s stay in Argentina is considered in the context of the formation of na-tional art. Including the example of the synthesis of architecture and sculpture of representative build-ings created by European masters. Although the 20–40s of the 20th century were an era of prosperity for Argentina, their own architects will only make them-selves known in the 1930s. Many of them worked in Europe and Argentina. The interest in Erzia’s art before his first exhibition in Buenos Aires was pre-pared by the press. The articles emphasized that the sculptor would show the works that were success-fully demonstrated in 1926 in Paris. The audience became convinced of the high professionalism and genre diversity of the master's works. A year after his arrival, Erzia turns less to marble and bronze, more to the tree of local tropical species – quebracho and algarroba. They possessed exceptional density, mul-tiplicity of color shades, and expressive texture. Er-zia’s works were formed in cycles. These are por-traits and nudes, monumental images of geniuses of humanity, the theme of motherhood. A bold change in iconographic canons distinguishes the best works of the master.

scholarly journals Cognitive Contagion: Thinking with and through Theatre

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-140
Author(s):  
Amy Cook
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Science ◽  
Embodied Cognition ◽  
The Self ◽  
Making Sense ◽  
The World ◽  
Way Of Thinking ◽  
The Stability

Summary Theatre offers an opportunity for communities to think with and through fiction. We come together to hear and tell stories because it is moving, both in the literal and the figurative sense: it changes us. Theories from cognitive science of embodied cognition make clear that making sense of theatre is a full-bodied affair. In this essay, I argue that we can see moments when theatre invited its audience to think in new ways by shifting theatrical conventions. I explore how a contemporary production of Hamlet, Pan Pan’s production of “The Rehearsal: Playing the Dane”, brings its audience to question the stability of the self and text by altering the conventions around casting and representation. This is theatre that I may not understand in a traditional way, but this gives me a way to understand a new way of thinking about the world around me. It is theatre I can use.

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