Study of Mechanical Properties and Morphology of PA 6/PO Blends Compatibilized by PO Grafted with Itaconic Acid

e-Polymers ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Liu Xijun ◽  
Jiang Zhaohua ◽  
Zhu Wenming
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Graft Copolymer ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Itaconic Acid ◽  
Polyamide 6 ◽  
Glass Temperature ◽  
Melt Flow ◽  
Melt Flow Rate ◽  
Twin Screw ◽  
The Impact

AbstractTwo different types of polyolefine (PO) grafted with itaconic acid as a reactive compatibilizer, polypropylene (PP) grafted with itaconic acid (PP-g-ITA) and high density polyethylene (HDPE) grafted with itaconic acid (HDPE-g-ITA), PP and HDPE grafted with copolymer of itaconic acid and styrene (PP-g-(ITA-St) and HDPE-g-(ITA-St)) were prepared by melt graft technique through reactive type twin-screw extruder. FT-IR and thermal analysis were used to characterize the structure of the graft copolymer. The graft ratio (GR) and melt flow rate (MFR) were determined by non-aqueous titration and melt flow rate analyzer. The effect of the concentration of monomer and initiator dosage on GR and MFR of graft copolymer were studied. Then polyamide 6 (PA 6) blends, PA 6/PP (PA 6/HDPE), that compatibilized with PP-g-ITA (HDPE-g-ITA) were prepared. The morphology of the blends was analyzed by SEM, DSC and Molau tests and the mechanical properties of which were characterized by tensile, impact, and bend tests. The results of mechanical property showed that the impact strength of blends was increased by 50% and 70% after PP-g-ITA and HDPE-g-ITA was used as compatibilizer, but the MFR of blends was decreased. The SEM photographs indicated that the accession of compatibilizer obviously improved binding state between two phases in blends, the size of dispersed phase was reduced evidently and the interface became indistinct. DSC results demonstrated that in the case of PP-g-ITA, glass temperature (Tg) of PA 6 matrix in blends was ascended, melt point (Tm) was improved a little, crystallinity (Xc) was decreased, Tm and Xc of PP phase was increased; With the accession of HDPE-g-ITA, Tm of PA 6 matrix and HDPE phase had almost no change, Xc of PA 6 matrix was decreased and Xc of HDPE phase was increased.

Effect of Powder Properties such as Particle Size, Density and Melt Flow Rate on the Properties of Flame Sprayed PE Coating

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Rajamäki ◽  
M. Leino ◽  
P. Vuoristo ◽  
P. Järvelä ◽  
T. Mäntylä
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Heating Temperature ◽  
Steel Substrate ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Melt Flow ◽  
Melt Flow Rate ◽  
Powder Properties

Abstract Three different types of polyethylene powders were flame sprayed onto pre-heated steel substrate previously coated by electrostatic spray system with a thin epoxy primer layer. Properties of the polyethylene (PE) powders, including powder density, particle size and melt flow rate (MFR) were measured in order to study their influence on the mechanical properties of the coating. The spray experiments started with optimization of spraying parameters. The main variables were pre-heating temperature of the substrate, temperature increase during spraying (influenced by the spraying distance), and thickness of the PE coatings. The laboratory tests performed for the coatings were coating characterization by microscopy and mechanical testing. Porosity and thickness of the coatings were determined by optical and stereo microscopy studies from polished cross-sectional samples. Hardness, impact strength, peel strength, and adhesive strength of the coatings were also investigated. Also some hot water sinking and heat cycling tests were performed. As a result from the present studies it can be concluded that powder properties have great influence on the mechanical properties of the final coating.

Preparation and Property Study of PMMA/ASA Alloy

2011 ◽  
Vol 130-134 ◽  
pp. 2383-2387
Author(s):  
Guo Dong Tang ◽  
Si Chen ◽  
Yan Qin Shi ◽  
Xu Wang
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Melt Blending ◽  
Dsc Analysis ◽  
Melt Flow ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Melt Flow Rate ◽  
Interface Phase ◽  
Blending Method ◽  
Method Effects ◽  
The Impact

Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA)/ acrylonitrile-styrene-acrylate terpolymer (ASA) alloy was prepared via melt blending method. Effects of ASA melt flow rate and PMMA/ASA ratio on mechanical property of the alloy were studied. It showed that when the high melt flow rate ASA was used, alloy’s tensile strength and flexural strength were little different from using low melt flow rate ASA, while the impact strength was significantly higher than the latter. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis showed that a glass transition (Tg) platform emerged in low melt flow rate ASA at 48.5°C, which represented the Tg of the interface phase formed between SAN grafted acrylate rubber particles and SAN matrix. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) experiment further showed that when low melt flow rate ASA was used, alloy’s cross section was smooth which showed the characteristics of brittle fracture.

Preparation and Characterization of Polylactic Acid/Acetate Starch Blends with Tetrabutyl Titanate

2011 ◽  
Vol 284-286 ◽  
pp. 1750-1755
Author(s):  
Jin Zhou Chen ◽  
Zhen Gao ◽  
Peng Ping Xie ◽  
Kai Guo ◽  
Ming Jun Niu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Polylactic Acid ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Tetrabutyl Titanate ◽  
Melt Flow ◽  
Melt Flow Rate ◽  
Triethyl Citrate ◽  
Starch Blends ◽  
The Cost

In order to reduce the cost of the polylactic acid (PLLA) material and to improve its flexibility to expand the application of PLA-based plastic, a series of PLLA/SA blends with tetrabutyl titanate (Ti(OBu)4) used as compatibilizer were prepared in the presence of 10% triethyl citrate (TEC) as plasticizer. It was investigated the effect of the compatibilizer and its content on the mechanical properties, structure and morphologies, heat-resistant performance, melt flow rate, and water-resistant performance and other implications of blends. The results showed that: adding the compatibilizer Ti(OBu)4 could significantly improve the compatibility of PLLA and SA, the mechanical properties and thermal stability of the blends were increased, while melt flow rate and water absorption were decreased. When the content of compatibilizer Ti(OBu)4 was 8 wt%, PLA/SA blends(75/25 wt%) had the best overall performance.

Mechanical Properties of Polyamide 6 (Pa6) / Ethylene Vinyl Acetate (Eva) / Sepiolite Composite

2014 ◽  
Vol 554 ◽  
pp. 62-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noora Tiqah Mohamad Fauzi ◽  
Zurina Mohamad
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Vinyl Acetate ◽  
Ethylene Vinyl Acetate ◽  
Polyamide 6 ◽  
The Other ◽  
Screw Extruder ◽  
Twin Screw ◽  
Moulding Machine ◽  
The Impact

The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of sepiolite concentration (2-10 phr) on the mechanical properties of polyamide 6 (PA6) / ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) blend at the ratio 80/20. Twin screw extruder and injection moulding machine were used to prepare the samples. The strength and modulus of flexural was increased until 6 phr of sepiolite content. On the other hand, the impact strength of PA6/EVA/sepiolite composite was decreased gradually as sepiolite content increased.

scholarly journals Mechanically Robust and Flame-Retardant Polylactide Composites Based on In Situ Formation of Crosslinked Network Structure by DCP and TAIC

Polymers ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 308
Author(s):  
Yajun Chen ◽  
Xingde Wu ◽  
Mengqi Li ◽  
Lijun Qian ◽  
Hongfu Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Flame Retardancy ◽  
Crosslinking Reaction ◽  
Melt Flow ◽  
Major Drawback ◽  
Melt Flow Rate ◽  
Limiting Oxygen Index ◽  
Gel Content

The addition of intumescent flame retardant to PLA can greatly improve the flame retardancy of the material and inhibit the dripping, but the major drawback is the adverse impact of the mechanical properties of the material. In this study, we found that the flame retardant and mechanical properties of the materials can be improved simultaneously by constructing a cross-linked structure. Firstly, a cross-linking flame-retardant PLA structure was designed by adding 0.9 wt% DCP and 0.3 wt% TAIC. After that, different characterization methods including torque, melt flow rate, molecular weight and gel content were used to clarify the formation of crosslinking structures. Results showed that the torque of 0.9DCP/0.3TAIC/FRPLA increased by 307% and the melt flow rate decreased by 77.8%. The gel content of 0.9DCP/0.3TAIC/FRPLA was 30.8%, indicating the formation of cross-linked structures. Then, the mechanical properties and flame retardant performance were studied. Results showed that, compared with FRPLA, the tensile strength, elongation at break and impact strength of 0.9DCP/0.3TAIC/FRPLA increased by 34.8%, 82.6% and 42.9%, respectively. The flame retardancy test results showed that 0.9DCP/0.3TAIC/FRPLA had a very high LOI (the limiting oxygen index) value of 39.2% and passed the UL94 V-0 level without dripping. Finally, the crosslinking reaction mechanism, flame retardant mechanism and the reasons for the improvement of mechanical properties were studied and described.

Effect of Melt Flow Rate of Polyethylene on Bioactivity and Mechanical Properties of Polyethylene /Titania Composites

2003 ◽  
Vol 254-256 ◽  
pp. 569-572 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroaki Takadama ◽  
Masami Hashimoto ◽  
Yorinobu Takigawa ◽  
Mineo Mizuno ◽  
Tadashi Kokubo
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Melt Flow ◽  
Melt Flow Rate

scholarly journals Extrusion Coating of Paper with Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV)—Packaging Related Functional Properties

Coatings ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 457 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sven Sängerlaub ◽  
Marleen Brüggemann ◽  
Norbert Rodler ◽  
Verena Jost ◽  
Klaus Dieter Bauer
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Elastic Modulus ◽  
Bond Strength ◽  
Film Thickness ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Current Trend ◽  
Melt Flow ◽  
Melt Flow Rate ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Extrusion Coating

Taking into account the current trend for environmentally friendly solutions, paper coated with a biopolymer presents an interesting field for future packaging applications. This study covers the application of the biopolymer poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) on a paper substrate via extrusion coating. The intention of this study is to analyse the effect of a plasticiser on the processability (melting point, film thickness) and the final properties (crystallinity, elongation at break) of PHBV. Up to 15 wt.% of the plasticisers triethyl citrate (TEC) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) were used as additive. The processing (including melt flow rate) as well as the structural properties (melting and crystallisation temperature, surface structure by atomic force microscopy (AFM), polarisation microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM)), mechanical properties (elongation at break, tensile strength, elastic modulus, adhesion), and barrier properties (grease) of these blends and their coating behaviour (thickness on paper), were tested at different extrusion temperatures. The melting temperature (Tm) of PHBV was reduced by the plasticisers (from 172 °C to 164 resp. 169 °C with 15 wt.% TEC resp. PEG). The minimal achieved PHBV film thickness on paper was 30 µm owing to its low melt strength. The elastic modulus decreased with both plasticisers (from 3000 N/mm2 to 1200 resp. 1600 N/mm2 with 15 wt.% TEC resp. PEG). At 15 wt.% TEC, the elongation at break increased to 2.4 length-% (pure PHBV films had 0.9 length-%). The grease barrier (staining) was low owing to cracks in the PHBV layers. The extrusion temperature correlated with the grease barrier, mechanical properties, and bond strength. The bond strength was higher for films extruded with a temperature profile for constant melt flow rate at different plasticiser concentrations. The bond strength was max. 1.2 N/15 mm. Grease staining occurs because of cracks induced by the low elongation at break and high brittleness. Extrusion coating of the used specific PHBV on paper is possible. In further studies, the minimum possible PHBV film thickness needs to be reduced to be cost-effective. The flexibility needs to be increased to avoid cracks, which cause migration and staining.

Study of the Degradability of PA6/Organoclay Nanocomposites

2016 ◽  
Vol 869 ◽  
pp. 288-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thamyres Cardoso de Carvalho ◽  
Erbertt Barros Bezerra ◽  
Renê Anísio da Paz ◽  
Amanda Melissa Damião Leite ◽  
Vanessa Nóbrega Medeiros ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Polyamide 6 ◽  
Ammonium Bromide ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Screw Extruder ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Twin Screw ◽  
Organophilic Clay ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Hexadecyltrimethyl Ammonium Bromide

The study of the degradability of PA6 / organoclay nanocomposites was evaluated to minimize the effects of plastic waste in the environment. The use of clays usually accelerates the degradation of nanocomposites. A regional clay (polyamide 6, Polyform - B300) and a quaternary ammonium salt (Cetremide (hexadecyltrimethyl ammonium bromide) were used. The hybrids were obtained in a co-rotating twin screw extruder and the tensile and the impact specimens were obtained through injection. The infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and the X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed the presence of the salt molecules in the modified bentonite and its organophilization. The XRD results of the hybrids indicate that the peak of the organophilic clay disappeared when incorporated into the polyamide, showing that all systems were exfoliated and/or partially exfoliated structure. The nanocomposites showed higher tensile mechanical properties when compared to the properties of pure polyamide, and the various conditions of aging influenced the degradation of these materials.

Study on Particle Modified ABS in 3D Printing

2019 ◽  
Vol 814 ◽  
pp. 256-261
Author(s):  
Jun Wen ◽  
Qiong Zhang ◽  
Zhi Feng Zhu ◽  
Feng Wang
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene ◽  
Enhancement Effect ◽  
3D Printer ◽  
Melt Flow ◽  
Melt Flow Rate ◽  
Talcum Powder ◽  
Butadiene Styrene

Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) was modified by aluminum oxide (AL2O3), talcum powder, kaolin and CaCO3. ABS samples were printed by 3D printer after the ABS silk was made. Then the mechanical properties, morphology, melt flow rate were studied in this article. AL2O3 has the best enhancement effect on ABS than other particles, and the melt flow rate was improved when content of AL2O3 less than 10%.

Preparation of PLLA/OMMT Composite and its Properties

2011 ◽  
Vol 380 ◽  
pp. 265-269
Author(s):  
Rui Xia Duan ◽  
Ming Jun Niu ◽  
Kai Guo ◽  
Jin Zhou Chen ◽  
Li Yan Sui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Melt Flow ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Screw Extruder ◽  
Melt Mixing ◽  
Melt Flow Rate ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Twin Screw ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

Poly(L-lactic acid ) (PLLA) /oganic montmorillonite (OMMT) composites were prepared by means of melt-mixing using a twin-screw extruder. The mechanical properties and melt flow rate of the composites were investigated, and their crystallization structure and thermal properties were characterized by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC), and thermogravimetric analysis (TG). It was shown that the tensile strength, elongation at break and bending strength of the PLLA/OMMT composites firstly increased and then reduced along with the increase of the content of OMMT. The melt flow rate of the composites was obviously improved and the crystallinity was increased. OMMT played a heterogeneous nucleation role in the composites, while it had little impact on thermal stability of the composites.

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