scholarly journals Extrusion Coating of Paper with Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV)—Packaging Related Functional Properties

Coatings ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 457 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sven Sängerlaub ◽  
Marleen Brüggemann ◽  
Norbert Rodler ◽  
Verena Jost ◽  
Klaus Dieter Bauer
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Elastic Modulus ◽  
Bond Strength ◽  
Film Thickness ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Current Trend ◽  
Melt Flow ◽  
Melt Flow Rate ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Extrusion Coating

Taking into account the current trend for environmentally friendly solutions, paper coated with a biopolymer presents an interesting field for future packaging applications. This study covers the application of the biopolymer poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) on a paper substrate via extrusion coating. The intention of this study is to analyse the effect of a plasticiser on the processability (melting point, film thickness) and the final properties (crystallinity, elongation at break) of PHBV. Up to 15 wt.% of the plasticisers triethyl citrate (TEC) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) were used as additive. The processing (including melt flow rate) as well as the structural properties (melting and crystallisation temperature, surface structure by atomic force microscopy (AFM), polarisation microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM)), mechanical properties (elongation at break, tensile strength, elastic modulus, adhesion), and barrier properties (grease) of these blends and their coating behaviour (thickness on paper), were tested at different extrusion temperatures. The melting temperature (Tm) of PHBV was reduced by the plasticisers (from 172 °C to 164 resp. 169 °C with 15 wt.% TEC resp. PEG). The minimal achieved PHBV film thickness on paper was 30 µm owing to its low melt strength. The elastic modulus decreased with both plasticisers (from 3000 N/mm2 to 1200 resp. 1600 N/mm2 with 15 wt.% TEC resp. PEG). At 15 wt.% TEC, the elongation at break increased to 2.4 length-% (pure PHBV films had 0.9 length-%). The grease barrier (staining) was low owing to cracks in the PHBV layers. The extrusion temperature correlated with the grease barrier, mechanical properties, and bond strength. The bond strength was higher for films extruded with a temperature profile for constant melt flow rate at different plasticiser concentrations. The bond strength was max. 1.2 N/15 mm. Grease staining occurs because of cracks induced by the low elongation at break and high brittleness. Extrusion coating of the used specific PHBV on paper is possible. In further studies, the minimum possible PHBV film thickness needs to be reduced to be cost-effective. The flexibility needs to be increased to avoid cracks, which cause migration and staining.

Effect of Powder Properties such as Particle Size, Density and Melt Flow Rate on the Properties of Flame Sprayed PE Coating

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Rajamäki ◽  
M. Leino ◽  
P. Vuoristo ◽  
P. Järvelä ◽  
T. Mäntylä
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Heating Temperature ◽  
Steel Substrate ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Melt Flow ◽  
Melt Flow Rate ◽  
Powder Properties

Abstract Three different types of polyethylene powders were flame sprayed onto pre-heated steel substrate previously coated by electrostatic spray system with a thin epoxy primer layer. Properties of the polyethylene (PE) powders, including powder density, particle size and melt flow rate (MFR) were measured in order to study their influence on the mechanical properties of the coating. The spray experiments started with optimization of spraying parameters. The main variables were pre-heating temperature of the substrate, temperature increase during spraying (influenced by the spraying distance), and thickness of the PE coatings. The laboratory tests performed for the coatings were coating characterization by microscopy and mechanical testing. Porosity and thickness of the coatings were determined by optical and stereo microscopy studies from polished cross-sectional samples. Hardness, impact strength, peel strength, and adhesive strength of the coatings were also investigated. Also some hot water sinking and heat cycling tests were performed. As a result from the present studies it can be concluded that powder properties have great influence on the mechanical properties of the final coating.

Study of Mechanical Properties and Morphology of PA 6/PO Blends Compatibilized by PO Grafted with Itaconic Acid

e-Polymers ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Liu Xijun ◽  
Jiang Zhaohua ◽  
Zhu Wenming
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Graft Copolymer ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Itaconic Acid ◽  
Polyamide 6 ◽  
Glass Temperature ◽  
Melt Flow ◽  
Melt Flow Rate ◽  
Twin Screw ◽  
The Impact

AbstractTwo different types of polyolefine (PO) grafted with itaconic acid as a reactive compatibilizer, polypropylene (PP) grafted with itaconic acid (PP-g-ITA) and high density polyethylene (HDPE) grafted with itaconic acid (HDPE-g-ITA), PP and HDPE grafted with copolymer of itaconic acid and styrene (PP-g-(ITA-St) and HDPE-g-(ITA-St)) were prepared by melt graft technique through reactive type twin-screw extruder. FT-IR and thermal analysis were used to characterize the structure of the graft copolymer. The graft ratio (GR) and melt flow rate (MFR) were determined by non-aqueous titration and melt flow rate analyzer. The effect of the concentration of monomer and initiator dosage on GR and MFR of graft copolymer were studied. Then polyamide 6 (PA 6) blends, PA 6/PP (PA 6/HDPE), that compatibilized with PP-g-ITA (HDPE-g-ITA) were prepared. The morphology of the blends was analyzed by SEM, DSC and Molau tests and the mechanical properties of which were characterized by tensile, impact, and bend tests. The results of mechanical property showed that the impact strength of blends was increased by 50% and 70% after PP-g-ITA and HDPE-g-ITA was used as compatibilizer, but the MFR of blends was decreased. The SEM photographs indicated that the accession of compatibilizer obviously improved binding state between two phases in blends, the size of dispersed phase was reduced evidently and the interface became indistinct. DSC results demonstrated that in the case of PP-g-ITA, glass temperature (Tg) of PA 6 matrix in blends was ascended, melt point (Tm) was improved a little, crystallinity (Xc) was decreased, Tm and Xc of PP phase was increased; With the accession of HDPE-g-ITA, Tm of PA 6 matrix and HDPE phase had almost no change, Xc of PA 6 matrix was decreased and Xc of HDPE phase was increased.

Preparation and Characterization of Polylactic Acid/Acetate Starch Blends with Tetrabutyl Titanate

2011 ◽  
Vol 284-286 ◽  
pp. 1750-1755
Author(s):  
Jin Zhou Chen ◽  
Zhen Gao ◽  
Peng Ping Xie ◽  
Kai Guo ◽  
Ming Jun Niu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Polylactic Acid ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Tetrabutyl Titanate ◽  
Melt Flow ◽  
Melt Flow Rate ◽  
Triethyl Citrate ◽  
Starch Blends ◽  
The Cost

In order to reduce the cost of the polylactic acid (PLLA) material and to improve its flexibility to expand the application of PLA-based plastic, a series of PLLA/SA blends with tetrabutyl titanate (Ti(OBu)4) used as compatibilizer were prepared in the presence of 10% triethyl citrate (TEC) as plasticizer. It was investigated the effect of the compatibilizer and its content on the mechanical properties, structure and morphologies, heat-resistant performance, melt flow rate, and water-resistant performance and other implications of blends. The results showed that: adding the compatibilizer Ti(OBu)4 could significantly improve the compatibility of PLLA and SA, the mechanical properties and thermal stability of the blends were increased, while melt flow rate and water absorption were decreased. When the content of compatibilizer Ti(OBu)4 was 8 wt%, PLA/SA blends(75/25 wt%) had the best overall performance.

scholarly journals Mechanically Robust and Flame-Retardant Polylactide Composites Based on In Situ Formation of Crosslinked Network Structure by DCP and TAIC

Polymers ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 308
Author(s):  
Yajun Chen ◽  
Xingde Wu ◽  
Mengqi Li ◽  
Lijun Qian ◽  
Hongfu Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Flame Retardancy ◽  
Crosslinking Reaction ◽  
Melt Flow ◽  
Major Drawback ◽  
Melt Flow Rate ◽  
Limiting Oxygen Index ◽  
Gel Content

The addition of intumescent flame retardant to PLA can greatly improve the flame retardancy of the material and inhibit the dripping, but the major drawback is the adverse impact of the mechanical properties of the material. In this study, we found that the flame retardant and mechanical properties of the materials can be improved simultaneously by constructing a cross-linked structure. Firstly, a cross-linking flame-retardant PLA structure was designed by adding 0.9 wt% DCP and 0.3 wt% TAIC. After that, different characterization methods including torque, melt flow rate, molecular weight and gel content were used to clarify the formation of crosslinking structures. Results showed that the torque of 0.9DCP/0.3TAIC/FRPLA increased by 307% and the melt flow rate decreased by 77.8%. The gel content of 0.9DCP/0.3TAIC/FRPLA was 30.8%, indicating the formation of cross-linked structures. Then, the mechanical properties and flame retardant performance were studied. Results showed that, compared with FRPLA, the tensile strength, elongation at break and impact strength of 0.9DCP/0.3TAIC/FRPLA increased by 34.8%, 82.6% and 42.9%, respectively. The flame retardancy test results showed that 0.9DCP/0.3TAIC/FRPLA had a very high LOI (the limiting oxygen index) value of 39.2% and passed the UL94 V-0 level without dripping. Finally, the crosslinking reaction mechanism, flame retardant mechanism and the reasons for the improvement of mechanical properties were studied and described.

Effect of Melt Flow Rate of Polyethylene on Bioactivity and Mechanical Properties of Polyethylene /Titania Composites

2003 ◽  
Vol 254-256 ◽  
pp. 569-572 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroaki Takadama ◽  
Masami Hashimoto ◽  
Yorinobu Takigawa ◽  
Mineo Mizuno ◽  
Tadashi Kokubo
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Melt Flow ◽  
Melt Flow Rate

Study on Particle Modified ABS in 3D Printing

2019 ◽  
Vol 814 ◽  
pp. 256-261
Author(s):  
Jun Wen ◽  
Qiong Zhang ◽  
Zhi Feng Zhu ◽  
Feng Wang
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene ◽  
Enhancement Effect ◽  
3D Printer ◽  
Melt Flow ◽  
Melt Flow Rate ◽  
Talcum Powder ◽  
Butadiene Styrene

Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) was modified by aluminum oxide (AL2O3), talcum powder, kaolin and CaCO3. ABS samples were printed by 3D printer after the ABS silk was made. Then the mechanical properties, morphology, melt flow rate were studied in this article. AL2O3 has the best enhancement effect on ABS than other particles, and the melt flow rate was improved when content of AL2O3 less than 10%.

Preparation of PLLA/OMMT Composite and its Properties

2011 ◽  
Vol 380 ◽  
pp. 265-269
Author(s):  
Rui Xia Duan ◽  
Ming Jun Niu ◽  
Kai Guo ◽  
Jin Zhou Chen ◽  
Li Yan Sui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Melt Flow ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Screw Extruder ◽  
Melt Mixing ◽  
Melt Flow Rate ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Twin Screw ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

Poly(L-lactic acid ) (PLLA) /oganic montmorillonite (OMMT) composites were prepared by means of melt-mixing using a twin-screw extruder. The mechanical properties and melt flow rate of the composites were investigated, and their crystallization structure and thermal properties were characterized by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC), and thermogravimetric analysis (TG). It was shown that the tensile strength, elongation at break and bending strength of the PLLA/OMMT composites firstly increased and then reduced along with the increase of the content of OMMT. The melt flow rate of the composites was obviously improved and the crystallinity was increased. OMMT played a heterogeneous nucleation role in the composites, while it had little impact on thermal stability of the composites.

Graphite/Bio-Based Epoxy Composites: The Mechanical Properties Interface

2015 ◽  
Vol 799-800 ◽  
pp. 115-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anika Zafiah M. Rus ◽  
Nur Munirah Abdullah ◽  
M.F.L. Abdullah ◽  
M. Izzul Faiz Idris
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Elastic Modulus ◽  
Filler Content ◽  
Weight Percent ◽  
Epoxy Composites ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Graphite Content ◽  
Dispersion Condition ◽  
Strong Interfacial Bonding

Graphite reinforced bio-based epoxy composites with different particulate fractions of graphite were investigated for mechanical properties such as tensile strength, elastic modulus and elongation at break. The graphite content was varied from 5 wt.%, 10 wt.%, 15 wt.%, 20 wt.%, 25 wt.%, 30 wt.% by weight percent in the composites. The results showed that the mechanical properties of the composites mainly depend on dispersion condition of the treated graphite filler, aggregate structure and strong interfacial bonding between treated graphite in the bio-based epoxy matrix. The composites showed improved tensile strength and elastic modulus with increase treated graphite weight loading. This also revealed the composites with increasing filler content was decreasing the elongation at break.

Anisotropic Mechanical Properties of Rapid Prototyping Parts Fabricated by Stereolithography

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 1812-1819
Author(s):  
Na-Na Yang ◽  
Hao-Rui Liu ◽  
Ning Mi ◽  
Qi Zhou ◽  
Li-Qun He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Elastic Modulus ◽  
Brittle Fracture ◽  
Fracture Surface ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Build Orientation ◽  
Range Distribution ◽  
Anisotropic Mechanical Properties ◽  
Orientation Experiment

Stereolithography (SLA)-manufactured parts behave with anisotropic properties due to the varying interface orientations generated by the layer-based manufacturing process. Part build orientation is a very important factor of anisotropic mechanical properties. In this paper, the build orientation experiment was designed to study the anisotropic behaviour of the mechanical properties of the SLA parts based on the orientation relationship between the force and the layer. The results show that there are obvious brittle characteristics on the fracture surface of the specimens and microcracks perpendicular to the direction of the layer distributed on the side of the fracture. The mechanical properties under brittle fracture have different degrees of sensitivity to the build orientation. Among all the build orientations, whether a specimen is built flat or on an edge shows obvious difference in tensile strength, and the relative range distribution reaches 35%. The changes in elastic modulus and the elongation at break are the most obvious in different angles relative to the XY plane, and the relative range distribution reaches 62% and 56% respectively. In all the build orientations designed, the tensile strength is the largest when it is placed on the edge at 0° with Y-axis in the XY plane, the elastic modulus is the largest when it was placed vertically, and the elongation at break is the largest when it is placed flat at 45° with Y-axis in the XY plane.

Prediction of mechanical properties of quaternary nanocomposites based on polypropylene using fuzzy logic

2020 ◽  
pp. 009524431989728
Author(s):  
Sajjad Daneshpayeh ◽  
Faramarz Ashenai Ghasemi ◽  
Shahnoosh Masoumi ◽  
Meysam Nouri Niyaraki
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Fuzzy Logic ◽  
Elastic Modulus ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Considerable Increase ◽  
Graphene Nanosheets ◽  
Main Role ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Prediction Of Mechanical Properties ◽  
Different Levels

The goal of the present study is to investigate and predict the mechanical properties, including impact strength, elastic modulus, and elongation-at-break of quaternary nanocomposites based on polypropylene (PP)/ethylene–propylene–diene monomer (EPDM)/glass fiber (GL)/graphene nanosheets (GPn) by fuzzy logic. Three parameters in different levels, including EPDM, GL, and GPn, were chosen for combination with a PP matrix. The fuzzy logic surfaces showed that the EPDM rubber and GPn had the main role in the elastic modulus of nanocomposites. The high levels of EPDM content resulted in a considerable increase in impact strength and, generally, the presence of EPDM had no effect on elongation-at-break.

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