scholarly journals Radiocarbon and lead-210 age-depth model and trace elements concentration in the Wolbrom fen (S Poland)

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatima Pawełczyk ◽  
Leszek Chróst ◽  
Tadeusz Magiera ◽  
Adam Michczyński ◽  
Jarosław Sikorski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Accumulation Rate ◽  
Botanical Composition ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Probability Interval ◽  
Peat Core ◽  
Carex Rostrata ◽  
Lead 210 ◽  
Vegetation Species ◽  
S Poland

Abstract A one-meter long peat core was taken from the peatland in Wolbrom (Silesian-Cracovian Upland, southern Poland). The analysis of the botanical composition showed that Wolbrom is a fen. Vegetation species such as Carex rostrata and Phragmites australis have been found. An age-depth model was constructed using 12 conventional radiocarbon dates and 13 lead-210 dates from the upper part of the deposit. In this work, the results of radiocarbon dating are presented. According to the model, we can estimate the age of the fen. The oldest part comes from a depth of 1.05 meter and its conventional age is 5940 ± 95 BP (modelled date 5000–4790 BC, 68.2% probability interval). The accumulation rate varies between approximately 0.53 mm·yr-1 and 6.48 mm·yr− 1. The core has been also tested for the presence of trace elements (Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn) using ICP-OES. There are considerable variations in the concentrations of the tested metals – in many cases the concentration starts to rise at about 40 cm and may be connected with the human activity. This depth corresponds to the modelled age intervals 355–300 BC (17.4%) and 205–45 BC (50.7%).

Tree line shifts, changing vegetation assemblages and permafrost dynamics on Galdhøpiggen (Jotunheimen, Norway) over the past ~4400 years

The Holocene ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 095968362110665
Author(s):  
Helen Hallang ◽  
Cynthia A Froyd ◽  
John F Hiemstra ◽  
Sietse O Los
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
Late Holocene ◽  
Accumulation Rate ◽  
Climatic Changes ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Tree Line ◽  
Peat Core ◽  
Modern Pollen ◽  
Modern Analogue ◽  
Downy Birch

An environmental reconstruction based on palynological evidence preserved in peat was carried out to examine late-Holocene alpine tree line dynamics in the context of past climatic changes on Galdhøpiggen (Jotunheimen, southern Norway). We analysed a peat core taken from a mire at the present-day tree line (1000 m a.s.l.), c. 450 m downslope from the lower limit of sporadic permafrost. We adopted a combination of commonly used indicators of species’ local presence to reconstruct past vegetation assemblages, such as the relative pollen abundance (%), pollen accumulation rate (PAR), and presence of indicator species. Additionally, fossil pollen from the peat sequence was compared to modern pollen from a surface moss polster to establish a modern analogue. The results were compared with studies covering the late-Holocene climatic changes in the area. The reconstruction demonstrates that a pine-dominated woodland reached above the present-day tree line at c. 4300 cal. yr BP, suggesting a warmer climate suitable for Scots pine ( Pinus sylvestris) growth at this altitude. Scots pine retreated to lower altitudes between c. 3400 and 1700 cal. yr BP, accompanied by the descent of the low-alpine shrub-dominated belt, in response to cooling climatic conditions. The colder period covered c. 1700–170 cal. yr BP, and an open downy birch ( Betula pubescens) woodland became widespread at 1000 m a.s.l., whilst pine remained sparse at this altitude. From c. 170 cal. yr BP onwards, warming allowed pine to re-establish its local presence alongside downy birch at 1000 m a.s.l.

scholarly journals CONCENTRATION OF BIOGENIC TRACE ELEMENTS (Zn, Co, Cr), ALKALINE (Rb, Cs), ALKALINE-EARTH (Sr, Ba) METALS AND LANTHANUM IN THE EUTROPHIC PEAT BOG ECOSYSTEM

2019 ◽  
pp. 337-347
Author(s):  
Ol'ga Aleksandrovna Golubina ◽  
Tat'yana Nikolayevna Tsybukova ◽  
Elena Nikitichna Tveryakova ◽  
Irina Aleksandrovna Perederina ◽  
Galina Aleksandrovna Zholobova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Neutron Activation Analysis ◽  
Alkaline Earth ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Peat Bog ◽  
Average Depth ◽  
Botanical Composition ◽  
Rare Metals ◽  
Hydrothermal Conditions ◽  
Tomsk Region

Peats and marsh waters of the peat bog eutrophic ecosystem (Tomsk region) for the content of trace elements have been studied. The peat deposit is composed of lowland peats of grass type predominantly. The deposit average depth is about 3 meters. Samples of several observation points, which differ in botanical composition and hydrothermal conditions of occurrence were analyzed. The concentration of biogenic (Zn, Co, Cr), alkaline (Rb, Cs), alkaline earth (Sr, Ba) and rare earth (Hf, La) metals in peat and marsh waters has been determined by the method of neutron activation analysis. It was shown that the amount of various elements in peat is determined by regional characteristics and botanical composition. From comparative elements concentration analysis, it has been found that concentration of metals varies identically depending on the depth of the peat bog, which indicates typical conditions for the accumulation of these elements. As a result of the research was founded high content of the Ba and Sr in peats of all observation points. It has been established that the peat of native section 3 is enriched with all studied metals Zn, Cr, Sr, Ba in comparison with peats of the first and the second observation points. Besides, under the conditions of this ecosystem cobalt, rubidium and lanthanum were accumulated in peats. The average concentration of trace elements in the studied peat bog ecosystem is comparable to the average values of this region. We have found that samples of marsh water are enriched with the biogenic zinc. Among rare metals, such elements as strontium and barium are the most abundant in marsh water, what correlates with the largest content of Zn, Sr and Ba in the studied peats. Light Rb and Sr ions transfer from peat to swamp waters in greater amount than heavier Cs and Ba ions. Strontium enters and migrates intensively to the swamp waters of all three observation points.

PASTURE COMPOSITION UNDER MIXED SHEEP AND GOAT GRAZING ON HILL COUNTRY

1984 ◽  
pp. 160-166
Author(s):  
D.A. Clark ◽  
M.P. Rolston ◽  
M.G. Lambert ◽  
P.J. Budding
Keyword(s):  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Trifolium Repens ◽  
Accumulation Rate ◽  
Botanical Composition ◽  
Lolium Perenne L ◽  
Hill Country ◽  
Agrostis Tenuis ◽  
Trifolium Repens L

Hill country pasture was grazed by the following ratios of goats and sheep from 1979-l 983: 100% goats (Goat 100). 66% goats and 34% sheep (Goat 66)) 33% goats and 67% sheep (doat 33), 100% set-stocked sheep (Sheep 100) and 100% mobstocked sheep. Changes in botanical composition, herbage mass and herbage accumulation rate were measured by sample dissection, visual estimation and trimmed exclosure cages respectively on three slope classes (banks, slopes and tracks). Pastures grazed by goats developed Yorkshire fog IHolcus lanatus)- white clover (Trifolium repens L.) associations with strong white clover growth on all slope classes unlike sheep-grazed pastures which contained little white clover and were dominated by perennial' ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) and browntop (Agrostis tenuis Sibth.). The herbage mass of 3000, 1830, 1410 kg DM/ha on banks, slopes and tracks respectively for Sheep 100 pastures contrasted with that on the Goat 100 pastures of 2030, 3750 and 4300 kg DM/ha. White clover was enhanced on all slope classes in the Goat 100 treatment. Annual herbage accumulation was greater on the Goat 100 than Sheep 100 pastures, 13.9 and 11.2 t DM/ha respectively. There was a close association between increased annual white clover accumulation and tofal herbage accumulation. The complementary nature of sheepandgoatgrazing behavioursuggeststhe possibility of increased meat and fibre production from mixed grazing. The implications of these results for future research are discussed. Keywords: Sheep, goats, herbage mass, herbage accumulation rate, botanical composition, slope classes, white clover (Trifolium repens L.), perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.), Yorkshire fog (Holcus lanatusl, browntop (Agrostis tenuis Sibth.).

Sediment record of precipitation and changes in circulation in Bohol Sea area since the Last Glacial Maximum

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarahmae Buen ◽  
Fernando Siringan ◽  
Ronald Lloren
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Last Glacial Maximum ◽  
Accumulation Rate ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Glacial Maximum ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Last Glacial ◽  
Sediment Input ◽  
The Last Glacial Maximum ◽  
The Last Glacial

<p>Deep marine sediments may provide insights of past climate and oceanographic events. Knowledge of the past events can aid in scenario setting of future climate and their oceanographic consequences. A deep sea sediment core from the western side of Bohol Sea, a marginal sea located south of the Philippines, was used to reconstruct precipitation and identify the impacts of sea level rise on the circulation of Bohol Sea.  Five radiocarbon dates from bulk organic matter provide age control spanning back to the Last Glacial Maximum. Sedimentological (lithics and carbonate fractions; bulk density; sedimentation rate and mass accumulation rate) and geochemical (Ti, Al, Zr, Ti/Al and Y/Ni) data were used to reconstruct the sediment input for the area. Sediment input was decreasing from 20-15ka, followed by a relatively stable trend until ~9ka. After ~9ka sediment input increased up until the most recent years. Sedimentation trend follows the average winter (DJF) insolation curve at 10<sup>o</sup>N. This signifies that the sediment input reflects the general changes in precipitation in the area. Lithics and carbonate contents reflect a shift in sediment source that could be attributed to the change in circulation in the basin as the sea level rose to overtop the Surigao Strait located at the northeastern side of the basin. Greater westward transport of suspended material from large rivers to the east would contribute to the sedimentation in the western part of Bohol Sea.</p>

A Test of Lead-210 Dating for the Measurement of Whole Lake Soft Sediment Accumulation

1983 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 506-515 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Douglas Evans ◽  
Frank H. Rigler
Keyword(s):  
Lake Sediment ◽  
Accumulation Rate ◽  
Sediment Accumulation ◽  
Soft Sediment ◽  
Lake Morphometry ◽  
Southern Ontario ◽  
Lake Bottom ◽  
Lead 210 ◽  
Shield Lakes ◽  
The Relationship

We have tested the hypothesis that variation in accumulation of soft sediments over a lake bottom is related to the lake morphometry, allowing an accurate measurement of whole lake sediment accumulation. In each of two Laurentian Shield lakes in southern Ontario, sediment accumulation was measured at ~20 locations. In both there was a statistically significant linear relationship between soft sediment accumulation and the water depth at the sample locations. The relationship explained 72 and 57% of sediment accumulation variation in Costello and Red Chalk lakes, respectively. Using these relationships, it was possible to calculate the whole lake sediment accumulation rate for each lake. The results indicate that, in general, there is a linear variation in sediment accumulation as a function of depth in small Shield lakes. This study points out the need for a closer examination of sediment movement and accumulation in the shallow regions of lakes.

Major and trace elements of a peat core from Yunnan, Southwest China: Implications for paleoclimatic proxies

2012 ◽  
Vol 58 ◽  
pp. 64-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gangjian Wei ◽  
Luhua Xie ◽  
Yongge Sun ◽  
Yuehan Lu ◽  
Ying Liu
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Southwest China ◽  
Major And Trace Elements ◽  
Peat Core

scholarly journals 14C Wiggle-Match Dating in High-Resolution Sea-Level Research

Radiocarbon ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 43 (2A) ◽  
pp. 391-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
O van de Plassche ◽  
R J Edwards ◽  
K van der Borg ◽  
A F M de Jong
Keyword(s):  
Salt Marsh ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Time Scales ◽  
Calibration Curve ◽  
Salt Marshes ◽  
Accumulation Rate ◽  
The Other ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates

Comparison of two sets of marsh-accumulation records from each of three Connecticut (USA) salt marshes, one based on individually calibrated dates and the other on wiggle-match dating of the same series of dates, shows that wiggle-match dating results in more precise and objective reconstructions of longer-term (102–103 yr) changes in accumulation rate. On (sub-)century time scales, wiggle-match dating can reveal steps in the calibrated marsh-accumulation envelope as artefacts of the calibration curve, but may also leave real short-term changes in accumulation rate undetected. Wiggle-matches are non-unique, being dependent on the number, quality and distribution of radiocarbon dates in a sequence, how a series of dates is subdivided into groups (representing intervals of uniform accumulation rate), and what is considered a “best match”. Samples from the studied salt-marsh deposits required no correction for reservoir effects prior to calibration.

scholarly journals Mesolithic Human Bones from the Upper Volga Basin: Radiocarbon and Trace Elements

Radiocarbon ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 637-645 ◽  
Author(s):  
A L Alexandrovskiy ◽  
E I Alexandrovskaya ◽  
M I Zhilin ◽  
J van der Plicht
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Trace Elements ◽  
Elemental Composition ◽  
Accelerator Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Volga Basin ◽  
Cultural Layer ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Upper Volga ◽  
Human Bones ◽  
And Behavior

Human bones from 3 Mesolithic sites in the Upper Volga basin were analyzed for trace elements, and dated by accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS). The radiocarbon dates of the bones correspond to the Mesolithic era. However, some dates differ from those obtained for the enclosing deposits and for the worked wood fragments in the cultural layer. The elemental composition of the bones is interpreted in terms of increased concentrations of some elements and their impact on human health and behavior.

scholarly journals Element composition of peat deposits in flat frost mound bogs of the Pyakupur River (northern taiga of West Siberia)

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. G. Lim ◽  
S. V. Loiko ◽  
T. V. Raudina ◽  
I. I. Volkova ◽  
V. P. Seredina
Keyword(s):  
Active Layer ◽  
Accumulation Rate ◽  
Element Composition ◽  
Peat Deposit ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Birch Bark ◽  
Botanical Composition ◽  
Sphagnum Mosses ◽  
Peat Deposits ◽  
Significant Difference

<p>The content and the profile distribution of the element composition of the 1 meter high peat deposits in flat frost mound bogs are investigated. The botanical composition of peat is described. The results of the botanical composition analysis of peat showed that deposits consist mainly of sphagnum mosses, lichens, shrubs, green mosses, pine wood, as well as pine and birch bark. A good correlation between the degree of peat decomposition and the brightness of dry peat measured by the CIE L*a*b* color model is revealed. As a result of the study of peat samples’ color, it has been found that this parameter can be used as an express method for the rapid assessment of peat degree decomposition. The highest concentration of the organic carbon occurs at the base of the peat deposit (64.4±0.2%). The nitrogen concentration in permafrost peat is higher than in thawed (1.0 ± 0.2% and 0.7 ± 0.1%, respectively, the difference is significant at p = 0.001). The C / N ratio decreases from 72 ± 16 in 0-40 cm in the thawed layer to 50 ± 10 in the frozen part (40-100 cm). Within the bottom low boundary of the seasonally thawed layer, a local increase in the N concentration was detected, as well as an almost 2-fold decrease in the C/N ratio. It is most likely related to the high increase in the rate of microbial activity on the border between the thawed layer and the permafrost peat. It was revealed that most of the elements are concentrated in the upper (thawed) part of the peat deposit. Among them, only Na, Mg, Ca, Zn, Ba, As and Sb have a significant difference. Despite the fact that significant differences according to non-parametric U-criterion Mann-Whitney test were identified only for 7 elements, the distribution of the rest along elements the frozen and thawed peat layer is similar in nature. So for Na, Mg, Al, P, K, Ca, Ti, Fe, Zn, Ba, Li, B, V, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Ga, As, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, Cd, Sb, Cs, the upper quartiles of concentrations in the seasonally thawed layer are 1.2 - 6.9 times higher than in the permafrost peat, and for C, N, Al, Ba, B, V, Co, Cu , Zr, Nb, Mo it is 1,0 - 0,6 times lower, respectively. Generally, according to the element composition, it is safe to say that the differences stem from the botanical composition. In general, according to the elemental composition it can be said that the differences are primarily due to the botanical composition. The active layer comprises mainly sphagnum mosses and lichens, the woody peat already appears in the lower permafrost part of the deposit. A correlation between the brightness of peat and the total content of ash elements (R2 = 0.65, excluding 1 sample) was revealed within the active layer. Taking into account the fact that the brightness correlates with the degree of decomposition, it may be concluded that higher upper quartile of the concentrations of elements in the active layer relates to the slower peat accumulation rate for the last 3 thousand years and, correspondingly, a large accumulation of dust components from the atmosphere by the peat layers.</p>

scholarly journals Water Quality From High Mountain Peatlands: Spring of Campo Belo River, Itatiaia -Brazil

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabete Castro D'oliveira ◽  
Lucio Fábio Lourencato ◽  
Camila Rodrigues e Silva ◽  
ANDRESSA CRISTHY BUCh ◽  
Eduardo Duarte Marques ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Trace Elements ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Spring Water ◽  
High Mountain ◽  
Environmental Matrices ◽  
Peat Core ◽  
Transitional Environment ◽  
Leachate Water

Abstract Peatlands are a transitional environment between terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems that provide essential hydrological, ecological, and biogeochemical. Peatlands have been recognized as important environmental matrices in the storage of organic carbon and water. However, little is known in the literature about the influence of peatlands on the quality of surface water. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the water quality from peatlands in the spring of the Rio Campo Belo, in Itatiaia National Park, Itatiaia-Brazil. The spring water quality from peat profiles was based on the determinations of the temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO), electrical conductivity, pH, turbidity, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), total organic carbon (TOC), silica, ions, and trace elements (Al, Sb, As, Cd, Co, Cu, Cr, Sn, Fe, Mn, Mo, Ni, V, Ga, Rb, Sr, and Zn) on spring water and peat core samples. The highest DO values ​​observed in the spring waters that leachate water and may be related to the lower water temperature, as well as the movement of water. The DOC values were relatively low suggesting no difference between the spring water and the water leached (1.6 and 1.7 mg l-1, respectively). Higher values of ions and trace elements in the leaching water from core peat demonstrate a greater contribution of the peatland to the concentration of these ions in spring water. An increase in TOC peatland did not cause an increase in pH, however, the removal of organic matter promoted an increase in pH.

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