Punica granatum peel extracts mediated the green synthesis of gold nanoparticles and their detailed in vivo biological activities

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 882-892
Author(s):  
Sami Bawazeer ◽  
Abdur Rauf ◽  
Taufiq Nawaz ◽  
Anees Ahmed Khalil ◽  
Muhammad Sameem Javed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gold Nanoparticles ◽  
Muscle Relaxant ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Punica Granatum ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Surface Plasma Resonance ◽  
Pomegranate Peel ◽  
Synthesis Of Nanoparticles ◽  
Vis Spectroscopy

Abstract Requirements for developing new methodologies to biosynthesize nanoparticles are increasing day by day. The typical chemical synthesis of nanoparticles has raised concerns regarding environmental safety and adverse impact on human health. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop green synthesized nanoparticles that are considered to be safe, ecofriendly, and cost-effective as compared to chemical approaches. Hence, in this study, we synthesized and characterized pomegranate peel extract-based gold nanoparticles (PP-AuNPs) through UV-visible spectroscopy, FT-IR, and AFM microscopy. Furthermore, the biological activities like analgesic, muscle relaxant, and sedative properties of synthesized PP-AuNPs were also determined. The change of color to dark ruby indicates the formation of AuNPs. The surface plasma resonance (SPR) peak in the absorption spectra was shown at 525 nm by using (UV-Vis) spectroscopy. A single distinctive peak implied the shape of nanoparticles to be spherical. AFM images revealed that the biosynthesized nanoparticles were spherical in shape. Furthermore, the images confirm the uniform distribution of PP-AuNPs with particle sizes ranging from 4 to 16 nm. Different classes of phytochemicals were preliminarily identified in extracts. The analgesic effect of extracts (70.04%) and PP-AuNPs (81.98%) demonstrated a significant (p < 0.001) percent reduction in writhing at a dose of 100 and 15 mg·kg−1, respectively. A mild muscle relaxant effect was noted against both the tested samples while a significant sedative effect was observed for both samples; however, PP-AuNPs weres more sedative compared to the extract. Pomegranate peel extracts and synthesized PP-AuNPs were found to possess significant analgesic, muscle relaxant, and sedative properties.

scholarly journals Synthesis, characterization, biological activities, and catalytic applications of alcoholic extract of saffron (Crocus sativus) flower stigma-based gold nanoparticles

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 230-245
Author(s):  
Fahad A. Alhumaydhi ◽  
Ibrahim Khan ◽  
Abdur Rauf ◽  
Muhammad Nasimullah Qureshi ◽  
Abdullah S. M. Aljohani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gold Nanoparticles ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Crocus Sativus ◽  
Alcoholic Extract ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Vis Spectroscopy

Abstract Currently, nanotechnology is gaining massive attention compared to conventional methods as the biosynthesis of plant-based nanoparticles is considered safe, effective, and ecofriendly. Therefore, keeping in view the importance of nanotechnology, the present study was designed to synthesize, characterize, and evaluate the biological effectiveness of saffron stigma-based gold nanoparticles (SS-AuNPs) for their in vitro and in vivo biological properties. These gold nanoparticles were characterized by UV–Vis spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The highest antibacterial effect was observed by the saffron extract against Escherichia coli (22 mm). SS-AuNPs significantly inhibited the activity of enzyme urease (54.98%) and CA-II (64.29%). However, the nonsignificant inhibitory effect was observed in the case of α-chymotrypsin. Maximum analgesic (84.98%) and antiinflammatory (88.98%) effects were observed for SS-AuNPs (10 mg/kg). Similarly, SS-AuNPs demonstrated a significant (P < 0.01) sedative effect at all tested doses.

scholarly journals Extraction of tannins from Punica granatum peel for pharmacological activities

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 144-147
Author(s):  
Sayed Muhammad Amin Sadat ◽  
Anisa Omari
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activities ◽  
Punica Granatum ◽  
Health Food ◽  
Fruit Peel ◽  
Pomegranate Peel ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
High Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Pomegranate Peel Extract ◽  
Punica Granatum L

Punica granatum L. (Pomegranate) is utilized in the treatment of parasitic contamination, loose bowels and ulcers. Extracts of the various parts of P. granum is reported to have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anticarcinogenic activities. Tannins are a group of polyphenolic compounds that are widely present in plant regions and possess various biological activities including antimicrobial, anti-parasitic, anti-viral, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory activities. This study focused on extraction of tannins from Punica granatum peel which can be further analyzed for its pharmacological activities. The results of this study revealed the abundance of tannins in the pomegranate peel extract. Tannins from pomegranate peel might contribute to the high antioxidant activity of this fruit peel and it is a valuable natural antioxidant source applicable in the health food industry.

scholarly journals Biocompatibility and Cytotoxicity of Gold Nanoparticles: Recent Advances in Methodologies and Regulations

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (20) ◽  
pp. 10952
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Kus-Liśkiewicz ◽  
Patrick Fickers ◽  
Imen Ben Tahar
Keyword(s):  
Gold Nanoparticles ◽  
Food Packaging ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Healthcare Research ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
The Impact

Recent advances in the synthesis of metal nanoparticles (MeNPs), and more specifically gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), have led to tremendous expansion of their potential applications in different fields, ranging from healthcare research to microelectronics and food packaging. The properties of functionalised MeNPs can be fine-tuned depending on their final application, and subsequently, these properties can strongly modulate their biological effects. In this review, we will firstly focus on the impact of MeNP characteristics (particularly of gold nanoparticles, AuNPs) such as shape, size, and aggregation on their biological activities. Moreover, we will detail different in vitro and in vivo assays to be performed when cytotoxicity and biocompatibility must be assessed. Due to the complex nature of nanomaterials, conflicting studies have led to different views on their safety, and it is clear that the definition of a standard biosafety label for AuNPs is difficult. In fact, AuNPs’ biocompatibility is strongly affected by the nanoparticles’ intrinsic characteristics, biological target, and methodology employed to evaluate their toxicity. In the last part of this review, the current legislation and requirements established by regulatory authorities, defining the main guidelines and standards to characterise new nanomaterials, will also be discussed, as this aspect has not been reviewed recently. It is clear that the lack of well-established safety regulations based on reliable, robust, and universal methodologies has hampered the development of MeNP applications in the healthcare field. Henceforth, the international community must make an effort to adopt specific and standard protocols for characterisation of these products.

scholarly journals Reproductive Toxicity of Pomegranate Peel Extract Synthesized Gold Nanoparticles: A Multigeneration Study in C. elegans

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahnoor Patel ◽  
Nikhat J. Siddiqi ◽  
Preeti Sharma ◽  
Abdullah S. Alhomida ◽  
Haseeb A. Khan
Keyword(s):  
Gold Nanoparticles ◽  
Reproductive Toxicity ◽  
Punica Granatum ◽  
Chloroauric Acid ◽  
Environmental Toxicity ◽  
Pomegranate Peel ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
Pomegranate Peel Extract ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Peel Extract

C. elegans is a preferential model for testing environmental toxicity of compounds including nanomaterials. The impact of multigeneration exposure of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) on the lifespan and fertility of C. elegans is not known and therefore is investigated in this study. We used pomegranate (Punica granatum) peel extracts as a reducing agent to synthesize gold nanoparticles (PPE-AuNPs) from chloroauric acid. Nematodes were grown till adult stage and then exposed to 25, 50, and 100 μg/ml of PPE-AuNPs at 20°C for 72 hours and then assessed for lifespan and fertility. The same protocols were followed for subsequent F1, F2, and F3 generations. The results showed that PPE-AuNPs dose-dependently but insignificantly reduced the lifespan of C. elegans. Exposure of PPE-AuNPs significantly and dose-dependently reduced the fertility of C. elegans in terms of the number of eggs produced. The reproductive toxicity of PPE-AuNPs was found to be minimal in parental generation (F0) and maximal in F3 generation. In conclusion, biologically synthesized PPE-AuNPs adversely affect the fertility of C. elegans while the factors responsible for reproductive toxicity are inherited by subsequent generations.

scholarly journals Assessment of the Biological Activity and Phenolic Composition of Ethanol Extracts of Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) Peels

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (24) ◽  
pp. 5916
Author(s):  
Željka Peršurić ◽  
Lara Saftić Martinović ◽  
Mladenka Malenica ◽  
Ivana Gobin ◽  
Sandra Pedisić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Antiproliferative Activity ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Punica Granatum ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Pomegranate Peel ◽  
Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Ethanol Extracts ◽  
Punica Granatum L

Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) is a rich source of constituents with confirmed strong biological activities. However, pomegranate peel, which encompasses approximately 30–40% of its weight, is treated as a biological waste. The aim of this paper was to evaluate the potential of pomegranate peel extracts and to propose its functional properties that can be used for development of functional products. Eight ethanol extracts of pomegranate peels (PPEs) were characterized by use of direct infusion quadrupole-time of flight (Q-TOF), and afterwards tested on their antioxidant, antibacterial and antiproliferative activities. Mass spectrometry analysis revealed that the most prevalent compounds in pomegranate peels were punicalagin, granatin and their derivatives. Analysed extracts had high total phenolic contents that ranged from 5766.44 to 10599.43 mg GAE/100 g, and strong antioxidant activity (7551.31–7875.42 and 100.25–176.60 μmol TE/100 g for DPPH and FRAP assays, respectively). The results of biological activity assays showed that all PPEs possessed antibacterial activity, and that S. aureus was the most sensitive specie with minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentrations ranging from 0.8 to 6.4 mg/mL. Additionally, the analysis of antiproliferative activity revealed high potency of PPEs, as the IC50 values ranged from 0.132 mg/mL to 0.396 mg/mL. Multivariate analysis pointed out the most discriminative metabolites for antioxidant or antiproliferative activity. Overall, the pomegranate peel confirmed to be a highly valuable source of bioactive compounds that could be used to improve the food functional characteristics.

scholarly journals Reproductive Toxicity of Pomegranate Peel Extract Synthesized Gold Nanoparticles: A Multigeneration Study in C. elegans

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahnoor Patel
Keyword(s):  
Gold Nanoparticles ◽  
Reproductive Toxicity ◽  
Punica Granatum ◽  
Chloroauric Acid ◽  
Environmental Toxicity ◽  
Pomegranate Peel ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
Pomegranate Peel Extract ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Peel Extract

C. elegans is a preferential model for testing environmental toxicity of compounds including nanomaterials. The impact of multigeneration exposure of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) on the lifespan and fertility of C. elegans is not known and therefore is investigated in this study. We used pomegranate (Punica granatum) peel extracts as a reducing agent to synthesize gold nanoparticles (PPE-AuNPs) from chloroauric acid. Nematodes were grown till adult stage and then exposed to 25, 50, and 100 μg/ml of PPE-AuNPs at 20C for 72 hours and then assessed for lifespan and fertility. The same protocols were followed for subsequent F1, F2, and F3 generations. The results showed that PPE-AuNPs dose-dependently but insignificantly reduced the lifespan of C. elegans. Exposure of PPE-AuNPs significantly and dose-dependently reduced the fertility of C. elegans in terms of the number of eggs produced. The reproductive toxicity of PPE-AuNPs was found to be minimal in parental generation (F0) and maximal in F3 generation. In conclusion, biologically synthesized PPE-AuNPs adversely affect the fertility of C. elegans while the factors responsible for reproductive toxicity are inherited by subsequent generations.

scholarly journals Effect of Flavonoid-Coated Gold Nanoparticles on Bacterial Colonization in Mice Organs

Nanomaterials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1769 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sundus Riaz ◽  
Nosheen Fatima Rana ◽  
Irshad Hussain ◽  
Tahreem Tanweer ◽  
Afrah Nawaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gold Nanoparticles ◽  
Bacterial Colonization ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Nano Drug Delivery ◽  
Vis Spectroscopy ◽  
Scanning Transmission ◽  
Synthesis Approach

Multidrug resistance (MDR) has been a potentiator for the exploration of antibiotics. Nano drug delivery systems have opened new avenues to overcome this challenge. Although antibacterial nanocarriers are extensively realized, their effect on the bacteria residing inside the tissues and their toxicity is rarely explored. This study investigated the effects of flavonoid coated gold nanoparticles (FAuNPs) on the colonization of Enterococcus faecalis in the mouse liver and kidneys. Flavonoids were extracted from the leaves of Berberis lycium Royle and used to stabilize gold following a green synthesis approach. FAuNPs were characterized by ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). FAuNPs showed significantly higher reduction in bacterial counts in in-vitro and in-vivo in mice organs as compared to the free flavonoids owing to their biocompatibility and effectiveness.

scholarly journals Silver decorated myconanoparticles control growth and biofilm formation in uropathogenic E. coli

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ranjani S ◽  
U. Rubiya Kathun U ◽  
S Hemalatha
Keyword(s):  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Its Region ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Synthesis Of Nanoparticles ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Vis Spectroscopy ◽  
Penicillium Sclerotiorum

Abstract Nanotechnology involves the synthesis of nanoparticles that has been used in therapeutic application for treating diseases. In this present study we have adopted the synthesis of myconanoparticles from the extracellular extract of endophytic fungi Penicillium sclerotiorum (PsNps) and validated for its antibacterial potential against antibiotic resistant uropathogenic E. coli and ATCC (25922) strain of E. coli. Endophytic fungi were isolated from the healthy leaves of Tamarindus indica. The genomic DNA from endophytic fungi was isolated and ITS region was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using universal fungal primers ITS1 and ITS4and sequenced for the identification of endophytic fungal isolates. Penicillium sclerotiorum extract were used for the synthesis silver nanoparticles (PsNps) and were characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy, Fourier transform- infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Zeta potential, FE-SEM and Energy- Dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX). Antibacterial activity of PsNps was tested against the antibiotic resistant uropathogenic E. coli and ATCC (25922) strain of E. coli. Further experiments were carried out to explore the potential of PsNps in regulating the CTX-M-15 gene. The antimicrobial activity showed that the PsNps inhibited growth, biofilm formation in both the strains of E. coli. The expression of gene encoding CTX-M-15 was down regulated in resistant strain of uropathogenic E. coli. Our results suggest that the PsNps could be used as an alternative source for the antibiotics. Thus, further studies can be conducted to prove the in vivo potential of PsNps and can be formulated for commercialization.

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