A Review of the Factors Affecting the Thermophysical Properties of Silicate Slags

2012 ◽  
Vol 31 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 301-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
KC Mills ◽  
L Yuan ◽  
Z Li ◽  
GH Zhang ◽  
KC Chou
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Electrical Resistivity ◽  
Liquidus Temperature ◽  
List Type ◽  
Silicate Network ◽  
Individual Property ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Property Data ◽  
Specific Temperature ◽  
Increasing Temperature

AbstractThis paper is dedicated to the memory of the of Prof. Masanori Iwase and his life and work. The factors which affect the thermo-physical properties of silicate and aluminno-silicate slags are reviewed. These include (i) the polymerisation of the silicate network (ii) various cation effects and (iii) temperature. Of these, the degree of polymerisation of the silicate network (expressed here through the parameter Q (= 4-NBO/T)) is the most important and the viscosity (η), electrical resistivity and thermal conductivity all increase as Q increases. Various ways in which different cations affect the properties are considered for each individual property viz. the -M-O bond strength affects (i) liquidus temperature (ii) activity coefficient of SiO2 and (iii) thermal expansion coefficient and whereas both the size and number of available cations affect the electrical conductivity and resistivity.The following observations were made: There is less scatter in property data for liquid slags at a specific temperature than that for the liquidus temperature.The relation between Arrhenius parameters, lnA and B for viscosity and electrical resistivity is non-linear.The magnitude of the thermal conductivity (k) in solid slags is related to the rigidity of silicate network and the rapid decrease in k with increasing temperature occurs at a temperature where the viscosity reaches η = 106 dPas.The introduction of Al2O3 into the silicate chain results in significant changes to the propertiesThe ways in which the various properties can be calculated from chemical composition are outlined.

The Iceland Research Drilling Project Crustal Section: Physical properties of some basalts from the Reydarfjordur borehole, Iceland

1985 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 1588-1593 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malcolm J. Drury
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Electrical Resistivity ◽  
Thermal Diffusivity ◽  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
Physical Property ◽  
Property Data ◽  
Conductivity Increase ◽  
Derived Properties ◽  
History Of ◽  
Physical Property Data

Thermal, electrical, and other physical property data are reported for a suite of basalts from the core of a 1.9 km hole at Reydarfjordur, eastern Iceland. The principal aim is to add to the literature thermal diffusivity data on basalts. Both lava-flow and dyke-intrusion samples have been measured, in roughly the proportion of their abundances in the drilled section. Density and porosity measurements are in good agreement with values published previously by others. Thermal conductivity values are approximately 10% higher than those published by others, probably because of differences in measurement techniques. Porosity of the samples generally decreases with depth because of increasing infilling of voids and cracks with alteration products. Density, thermal conductivity, thermal diffusivity, and the derived properties grain density and grain conductivity increase with depth, whereas electrical resistivity decreases. Bulk properties of the section have been estimated. They are thermal diffusivity, 0.70 mm2/s (0.70 × 10−6 m2/s); thermal conductivity, 1.97 W/m∙K; bulk density, 2.82 Mg/m3; and porosity, 0.039 (3.9%). Curves modelling in situ electrical resistivity indicate values in the range 50–3000 ?∙m. The electrical structure of the crust in the Reydarfjordur area is apparently different from that in southwest Iceland, probably reflecting a different history of hydrothermal circulation and alteration.

Thermoelectric Properties of Zn4-xSb3 with x=0~0.5

2007 ◽  
Vol 124-126 ◽  
pp. 1019-1022 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.W. Jang ◽  
Il Ho Kim ◽  
Jung Il Lee ◽  
Good Sun Choi
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Electrical Resistivity ◽  
Seebeck Coefficient ◽  
Temperature Dependence ◽  
Carrier Concentration ◽  
Thermoelectric Properties ◽  
Hall Mobility ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Vacuum Melting ◽  
Increasing Temperature

Non-stoichiometric Zn4-xSb3 compounds with x=0~0.5 were prepared by vacuum melting at 1173K and annealing solidified ingots at 623K. Electrical resistivity and Seebeck coefficient at 450K increased from 1.8cm and 145K-1 for Zn4Sb3(x=0) to 56.2cm 350K-1 for Zn3.5Sb3(x=0.5) due to the decrease of the carrier concentration. Hall mobility and carrier concentration was 31.5cm2V-1s-1 and 1.32X1020cm-3 for Zn4Sb3 and 70cm2V-1s-1 and 2.80X1018cm-3 for Zn3.5Sb3. Electrical resistivity of Zn4-xSb3 with x=0~0.2 showed linearly increasing temperature dependence, whereas those of Zn4-xSb3 with x=0.3~0.5 above 450 K tended to decrease. Thermal conductivity of Zn4Sb3 was 8.5mWcm-1K-1 at room temperature and that of Zn4-xSb3 with x≥0.3 was around 11mWcm-1K-1. Maximum ZT of Zn4Sb3 was obtained around 1.3 at 600K. Zn4Sb3 with x=0.3~0.5 showed very small value of ZT=0.2~0.3.

Experimental investigation of the effect of nickel on the electrical resistivity of Fe-Ni and Fe-Ni-S alloys under pressure

2020 ◽  
Vol 105 (7) ◽  
pp. 1069-1077 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Pommier
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Heat Flux ◽  
Electrical Resistivity ◽  
Heat Fluxes ◽  
Core Composition ◽  
Planetary Cores ◽  
Temperature Ranges ◽  
The One ◽  
Increasing Temperature ◽  
Rich Side

Abstract Electrical resistivity experiments were conducted on three alloys in the iron-rich side of the Fe-Ni(-S) system (Fe-5 wt% Ni, Fe-10 wt% Ni, Fe-10 wt% Ni-5 wt% S) at 4.5 and 8 GPa and up to 1900 K using the multi-anvil apparatus and the 4-electrode technique. For all samples, increasing temperature increases resistivity. At a specified temperature, Fe-Ni(-S) alloys are more resistive than Fe by a factor of about 3. Fe-Ni alloys containing 5 and 10 wt% Ni present comparable electrical resistivity values. The resistivity of Fe-Ni(-S) alloys is comparable to the one of Fe = 5 wt% S at 4.5 GPa and is about three times higher than the resistivity of Fe = 5 wt% S at 8 GPa, due to a different pressure dependence of electrical resistivity between Fe-Ni and Fe-S alloys. Based on these electrical results and experimentally determined thermal conductivity values from the literature, lower and upper bounds of thermal conductivity were calculated. For all Ni-bearing alloys, thermal conductivity estimates range between ~12 and 20 W/(m⋅K) over the considered pressure and temperature ranges. Adiabatic heat fluxes were computed for both Ganymede's core and the Lunar core, and heat flux values suggest a significant dependence to both core composition and the adiabatic temperature. Comparison with previous thermochemical models of the cores of Ganymede and the Moon suggests that some studies may have overestimated the thermal conductivity and hence, the heat flux along the adiabat in these planetary cores.

Phase Transformation and Thermoelectric Properties of Sn-Filled/Fe-Doped CoSb3 Skutterudites

2011 ◽  
Vol 312-315 ◽  
pp. 223-228
Author(s):  
Il Ho Kim
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Electrical Resistivity ◽  
Seebeck Coefficient ◽  
Phonon Scattering ◽  
Induction Melting ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Scattering Centers ◽  
Δ Phase ◽  
Increasing Temperature ◽  
P Type

Sn-filled and Fe-doped CoSb3 skutterudites were synthesized by encapsulated induction melting. A single δ-phase was obtained by subsequent annealing, as confirmed by X-ray diffraction. The as-solidified ingot consisted of mixed phases of -CoSb, -CoSb2, δ-CoSb3 and elemental Sb. The phases could be transformed by annealing, and the phases of the as-solidified ingot annealed at 773 K for 24 h transformed to δ-CoSb3. The temperature dependence of the Seebeck coefficient, electrical resistivity and thermal conductivity were examined from 300 K to 700 K. The positive Seebeck coefficient confirmed p-type conduction. The electrical resistivity increased with increasing temperature, which showed that the SnzCo3FeSb12 skutterudite is highly degenerate. The thermal conductivity was reduced by Sn-filling because the filler atoms acted as phonon scattering centers in the skutterudite lattice. The thermoelectric figure of merit was enhanced by Sn filling and its optimum composition was considered to be Sn0.3Co3FeSb12.

Electron–electron scattering in potassium

1979 ◽  
Vol 57 (8) ◽  
pp. 1216-1223 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. G. Cook
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Electrical Resistivity ◽  
Temperature Dependence ◽  
Thermoelectric Power ◽  
Electron Scattering ◽  
Noble Metals ◽  
Thermal Resistivity ◽  
Consistent Picture ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Increasing Temperature

The electrical resistivity ρ, thermal conductivity κ, and thermoelectric power S have been measured for two bare K specimens between 80 and 330 K. The data fully support the main conclusions of an earlier, preliminary study by Cook and Laubitz. The Lorenz function L = κρ/T does not approach the Sommerfeld value L0 with increasing temperature. Both the magnitude and temperature dependence of L–L0 indicate the presence of an added term Wee in the thermal resistivity, due to electron–electron scattering. Such scattering also affects S. It is shown that the data for K, together with published values of B = Wee/T for Na, Rb, and the noble metals, form a consistent picture of electron–electron scattering in the monovalent metals above the Debye temperature.

Effects of Nb doping on thermoelectric properties of Zn4Sb3 at high temperatures

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 430-435 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Li ◽  
H.H. Hng ◽  
J. Ma ◽  
X.Y. Qin
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Electrical Resistivity ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Thermoelectric Properties ◽  
Figure Of Merit ◽  
Thermoelectric Performance ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
A Value ◽  
Nb Doping ◽  
Thermal Conductivities

The thermoelectric properties of Nb-doped Zn4Sb3 compounds, (Zn1–xNbx)4Sb3 (x = 0, 0.005, and 0.01), were investigated at temperatures ranging from 300 to 685 K. The results showed that by substituting Zn with Nb, the thermal conductivities of all the Nb-doped compounds were lower than that of the pristine β-Zn4Sb3. Among the compounds studied, the lightly substituted (Zn0.995Nb0.005)4Sb3 compound exhibited the best thermoelectric performance due to the improvement in both its electrical resistivity and thermal conductivity. Its figure of merit, ZT, was greater than the undoped Zn4Sb3 compound for the temperature range investigated. In particular, the ZT of (Zn0.995Nb0.005)4Sb3 reached a value of 1.1 at 680 K, which was 69% greater than that of the undoped Zn4Sb3 obtained in this study.

Electrical resistivity, thermopower, and thermal conductivity of single grained (Y, Tb, Ho, Er)-Mg-Zn icosahedral quasicrystals

2000 ◽  
Vol 294-296 ◽  
pp. 715-718 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Giannò ◽  
A.V Sologubenko ◽  
M.A Chernikov ◽  
H.R Ott ◽  
I.R Fisher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Electrical Resistivity ◽  
Icosahedral Quasicrystals

Thermoelectric Properties of Semiconducting Intermetallic Compounds: FeGa3and RuGa3

2003 ◽  
Vol 793 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Amagai ◽  
A. Yamamoto ◽  
C. H. Lee ◽  
H. Takazawa ◽  
T. Noguchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Electrical Resistivity ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Seebeck Coefficient ◽  
Transport Properties ◽  
Figure Of Merit ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Thermoelectric Figure Of Merit ◽  
Thermoelectric Figure ◽  
High Seebeck Coefficient

ABSTRACTWe report transport properties of polycrystalline TMGa3(TM = Fe and Ru) compounds in the temperature range 313K<T<973K. These compounds exhibit semiconductorlike behavior with relatively high Seebeck coefficient, electrical resistivity, and Hall carrier concentrations at room temperature in the range of 1017- 1018cm−3. Seebeck coefficient measurements reveal that FeGa3isn-type material, while the Seebeck coefficient of RuGa3changes signs rapidly from large positive values to large negative values around 450K. The thermal conductivity of these compounds is estimated to be 3.5Wm−1K−1at room temperature and decreased to 2.5Wm−1K−1for FeGa3and 2.0Wm−1K−1for RuGa3at high temperature. The resulting thermoelectric figure of merit,ZT, at 945K for RuGa3reaches 0.18.

Atomistic Level Molecular Dynamics Analysis and its Integrity in the Interim of Irradiation

2021 ◽  
Vol 318 ◽  
pp. 39-47
Author(s):  
Ahli K.D. Willie ◽  
Hong Tao Zhao ◽  
M. Annor-Nyarko
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Molecular Dynamics ◽  
Mixed Oxide ◽  
Md Simulation ◽  
Lattice Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Gas Diffusion ◽  
Mixed Oxide Fuel ◽  
Fission Gas ◽  
Increasing Temperature ◽  
End Members

In this work, molecular dynamics (MD) simulation was utilized in relation to access the thermal conductivity of UO2, PuO2 and (U, Pu)O2 in temperature range of 500–3000 K. Diffusion study on mixed oxide (MOX) was also performed to assess the effect of radiation damage by heavy ions at burnup temperatures. Analysis of the lattice thermal conductivity of irradiated MOX to its microstructure was carried out to enhance the irradiation defects with how high burnup hinders fuel properties and its pellet-cladding interaction. Fission gas diffusion as determined was mainly modelled by main diffusion coefficient. Degradation of diffusivity is predicted in MOX as composition deviate from the pure end members. The concentration of residual anion defects is considerably higher than that of cations in all oxides. Depending on the diffusion behavior of the fuel lattice, there was decrease in the ratio of anion to cation defects with increasing temperature. Besides, the modern mixed oxide fuel releases fission gas compared to that of UO2 fuel at moderate burnups.

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