scholarly journals Special Training of Inspiratory Muscles in Fitness Activities and Exercise Capacity in Young Women

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Viktor Mishchenko ◽  
Stanislaw Sawczyn ◽  
Agnieszka Cybulska ◽  
Marcin Pasek
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Exercise Capacity ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Vital Capacity ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Minute Ventilation ◽  
Work Capacity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Inspiratory Muscles ◽  
Fitness Training

AbstractPurpose. The aim of the study was to determine if an 8-week-long endurance fitness training with elastic belts would increase the strength-endurance of the inspiratory muscles and lung function characteristics, and to assess whether these changes were consistent with an increase in aerobic power and exercise capacity in healthy young women. Methods. Twenty-two females aged 20-25 years were randomly allocated into 2 groups. The experimental group preformed 8-week-long exercises on stationary bikes with an elastic belt on the lower part of the chest. The control group underwent the same workout, without elastic belts. Vital capacity, forced vital capacity, maximal voluntary ventilation, maximal inspiratory and expiratory pressure, sustained maximal inspiratory pressure, physical activity status, and perceived exertion scores were measured. In the incremental exercise test, work capacity and maximal oxygen uptake were assessed. Tidal volume, minute ventilation (VE), oxygen uptake (VO

Effect of naloxone on perceived exertion and exercise capacity during maximal cycle ergometry

2002 ◽  
Vol 93 (6) ◽  
pp. 2023-2028 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony L. Sgherza ◽  
Kenneth Axen ◽  
Randi Fain ◽  
Robert S. Hoffman ◽  
Christopher C. Dunbar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Capacity ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Minute Ventilation ◽  
Work Capacity ◽  
Cycle Ergometer ◽  
Endogenous Opioids ◽  
Opioid Antagonist ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Cycle Ergometer Test ◽  
Physiological Limits

We assessed the effects of naloxone, an opioid antagonist, on exercise capacity in 13 men and 5 women (mean age = 30.1 yr, range = 21–35 yr) during a 25 W/min incremental cycle ergometer test to exhaustion on different days during familiarization trial and then after 30 mg (iv bolus) of naloxone or placebo (Pl) in a double-blind, crossover design. Minute ventilation (V˙e), O2 consumption (V˙o 2), CO2 production, and heart rate (HR) were monitored. Perceived exertion rating (0-10 scale) and venous samples for lactate were obtained each minute. Lactate and ventilatory thresholds were derived from lactate and gas-exchange data. Blood pressure was obtained before exercise, 5 min postinfusion, at maximum exercise, and 5 min postexercise. There were no control-Pl differences. The naloxone trial demonstrated decreased exercise time (96% Pl; P < 0.01), total cumulative work (96% Pl; P < 0.002), peakV˙o 2 (94% Pl; P < 0.02), and HR (96% Pl; P < 0.01). Other variables were unchanged. HR and V˙e were the same at the final common workload, but perceived exertion was higher (8.1 ± 0.5 vs. 7.1 ± 0.5) after naloxone than Pl ( P < 0.01). The threshold for effort perception amplification occurred at ∼60 ± 4% of Pl peakV˙o 2. Thus we conclude that peak work capacity was limited by perceived exertion, which can be attenuated by endogenous opioids rather than by physiological limits.

scholarly journals Nonresponders of Physical Activity on Prescription (PAP) Can Increase Their Exercise Capacity with Enhanced Physiotherapist Support

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 4795
Author(s):  
Tom Martinsson Ngouali ◽  
Mats Börjesson ◽  
Åsa Cider ◽  
Stefan Lundqvist
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Exercise Capacity ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Medium Effect ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Physical Activity Levels ◽  
Insufficient Physical Activity

Swedish physical activity on prescription (PAP) is an evidence-based method to promote physical activity. However, few studies have investigated the effect of Swedish PAP on physical fitness, in which better cardiorespiratory fitness is associated with lower risks of all-cause mortality and diagnose-specific mortality. Direct measures of cardiorespiratory fitness, usually expressed as maximal oxygen uptake, are difficult to obtain. Hence, exercise capacity can be assessed from a submaximal cycle ergometer test, taking the linear relationship between heart rate, work rate, and oxygen uptake into account. The aim of this study was to evaluate exercise capacity in the long term, following PAP treatment with enhanced physiotherapist support in a nonresponding patient cohort. In total, 98 patients (48 women) with insufficient physical activity levels, with at least one component of the metabolic syndrome and nonresponding to a previous six-month PAP treatment, were randomized to PAP treatment with enhanced support from a physiotherapist and additional exercise capacity tests during a two-year period. A significant increase in exercise capacity was observed for the whole cohort at two-year follow-up (7.6 W, p ≤ 0.001), with a medium effect size (r = 0.34). Females (7.3 W, p = 0.025), males (8.0 W, p = 0.018) and patients ≥58 years old (7.7 W, p = 0.002) improved significantly, whereas a nonsignificant increase was observed for patients <58 years old (7.6 W, p = 0.085). Patients with insufficient physical activity levels who did not respond to a previous six-month PAP treatment can improve their exercise capacity following PAP treatment with enhanced support from a physiotherapist during a two-year period. Future studies should include larger cohorts with a control group to ensure valid estimations of exercise capacity and PAP.

A Comparison of Fitness Training to a Pedometer-Based Walking Program Matched for Total Energy Cost

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordon J. Bell ◽  
Vicki Harber ◽  
Terra Murray ◽  
Kerry S. Courneya ◽  
Wendy Rodgers
Keyword(s):  
Total Energy ◽  
Energy Cost ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Ventilatory Threshold ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Walking Program ◽  
Fitness Training ◽  
Fitness And Health ◽  
Activity Groups

Background:Fitness and health variables were measured in 128 sedentary men and women randomly assigned to 6 months of fitness training (F), a walking program (W), or a control (C) group.Methods:The F program gradually increased volume and intensity until 4 d/wk of training, at 70% of peak VO2 for 43 min/session was prescribed while the W group performed daily walking monitored with pedometers and increased until 10,000 steps×d−1 were prescribed. Total weekly energy expenditure was matched between the activity groups. The control group was asked to maintain their usual activity.Results:Body mass, waist circumference, waist/hip ratio, resting HR were reduced in all groups after 6 months (P < .05). Fasting glucose, glucose tolerance, and total cholesterol were similarly improved in all groups (P < .05). Blood pressure and HR decreased during submaximal exercise in all groups (P < .05) but rating of perceived exertion (RPE) was decreased only in the F group (P < .05). Only the F participants showed a significant increase in ventilatory threshold (VT; ~15%) and peak VO2 (~9%) after 6 months.Conclusions:Supervised fitness training in previously sedentary adults produced greater improvements in submaximal RPE, BPsys, VT, and peak VO2 but not other fitness and health-related variables compared with a pedometer-based walking program matched for total energy cost.

scholarly journals Optimizing Interval Training Through Power-Output Variation Within the Work Intervals

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. 982-989
Author(s):  
Arthur H. Bossi ◽  
Cristian Mesquida ◽  
Louis Passfield ◽  
Bent R. Rønnestad ◽  
James G. Hopker
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Minute Ventilation ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Blood Lactate Concentration ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
Training Load ◽  
Constant Intensity ◽  
Varied Intensity

Purpose: Maximal oxygen uptake () is a key determinant of endurance performance. Therefore, devising high-intensity interval training (HIIT) that maximizes stress of the oxygen-transport and -utilization systems may be important to stimulate further adaptation in athletes. The authors compared physiological and perceptual responses elicited by work intervals matched for duration and mean power output but differing in power-output distribution. Methods: Fourteen cyclists ( 69.2 [6.6] mL·kg−1·min−1) completed 3 laboratory visits for a performance assessment and 2 HIIT sessions using either varied-intensity or constant-intensity work intervals. Results: Cyclists spent more time at during HIIT with varied-intensity work intervals (410 [207] vs 286 [162] s, P = .02), but there were no differences between sessions in heart-rate- or perceptual-based training-load metrics (all P ≥ .1). When considering individual work intervals, minute ventilation () was higher in the varied-intensity mode (F = 8.42, P = .01), but not respiratory frequency, tidal volume, blood lactate concentration [La], ratings of perceived exertion, or cadence (all F ≤ 3.50, ≥ .08). Absolute changes (Δ) between HIIT sessions were calculated per work interval, and Δ total oxygen uptake was moderately associated with (r = .36, P = .002). Conclusions: In comparison with an HIIT session with constant-intensity work intervals, well-trained cyclists sustain higher fractions of when work intervals involved power-output variations. This effect is partially mediated by an increased oxygen cost of hyperpnea and not associated with a higher [La], perceived exertion, or training-load metrics.

Hyperpnea training attenuates peripheral chemosensitivity and improves cycling endurance

2002 ◽  
Vol 205 (24) ◽  
pp. 3937-3943
Author(s):  
Michael E. McMahon ◽  
Urs Boutellier ◽  
Richard M. Smith ◽  
Christina M. Spengler
Keyword(s):  
Minute Ventilation ◽  
Work Capacity ◽  
Cycling Performance ◽  
Respiratory Muscle Training ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Peripheral Chemoreceptor ◽  
Endurance Time ◽  
Exercise Ventilation

SUMMARY Well-trained endurance athletes frequently have a lower peripheral chemoreceptor (pRc) sensitivity and a lower minute ventilation(V̇E) during exercise compared to untrained individuals. We speculated that the decreased pRcresponse may be specifically associated with repeated exposure to the high rates of ventilation occurring during exercise training. We therefore examined the effect of respiratory muscle training (RMT; 20× 30 min sessions of voluntary normocapnic hyperpnea) on the pRc sensitivity during exercise and on cycling performance. RMT was chosen to achieve a high V̇E, similar to that of heavy exercise,while avoiding the other accompanying effects of whole body exercise. 20 trained male cyclists were randomized into RMT (N=10) or control(N=10) groups. Subjects' pRc response was assessed by a modified Dejours O2 test (10-12 breaths of 100% O2,repeated 4-6 times) during cycling exercise at 40% of the maximal work capacity (Ẇmax). Cycling performance was measured during a cycling test to exhaustion (85%Ẇmax). The RMT group exhibited a significantly reduced pRc sensitivity (mean ±S.D.) compared to the control group (-5.8±6.0% versus0.1±4.6%, P&lt;0.5). Cycling endurance improved significantly after RMT in comparison to the control group (+3.26±4.98 versus -1.46±3.67 min, P&lt;0.05). However, these changes in pRc response were not significantly correlated with exercise ventilation or cycling endurance time. We conclude that the high levels of ventilation achieved during exercise, as simulated by RMT in this study, appear to be accompanied by a reduction in pRc sensitivity;however, the role of the pRc in the control of ventilation during exercise seems to be minor.

Effect of mild-to-moderate airflow limitation on exercise capacity

1991 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 223-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. G. Babb ◽  
R. Viggiano ◽  
B. Hurley ◽  
B. Staats ◽  
J. R. Rodarte
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Capacity ◽  
Vital Capacity ◽  
Maximal Exercise ◽  
Minute Ventilation ◽  
Airflow Limitation ◽  
Maximal Heart Rate ◽  
Lung Capacity ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Response To Exercise ◽  
Maximal Exercise Capacity

To determine the effect of mild-to-moderate airflow limitation on exercise tolerance and end-expiratory lung volume (EELV), we studied 9 control subjects with normal pulmonary function [forced expired volume in 1 s (FEV1) 105% pred; % of forced vital capacity expired in 1 s (FEV1/FVC%) 81] and 12 patients with mild-to-moderate airflow limitation (FEV1 72% pred; FEV1/FVC % 58) during progressive cycle ergometry. Maximal exercise capacity was reduced in patients [69% of pred maximal O2 uptake (VO2max)] compared with controls (104% pred VO2max, P less than 0.01); however, maximal expired minute ventilation-to-maximum voluntary ventilation ratio and maximal heart rate were not significantly different between controls and patients. Overall, there was a close relationship between VO2max and FEV1 (r2 = 0.62). Resting EELV was similar between controls and patients [53% of total lung capacity (TLC)], but at maximal exercise the controls decreased EELV to 45% of TLC (P less than 0.01), whereas the patients increased EELV to 58% of TLC (P less than 0.05). Overall, EELV was significantly correlated to both VO2max (r = -0.71, P less than 0.001) and FEV1 (r = -0.68, P less than 0.001). This relationship suggests a ventilatory influence on exercise capacity; however, the increased EELV and associated pleural pressures could influence cardiovascular function during exercise. We suggest that the increase in EELV should be considered a response reflective of the effect of airflow limitation on the ventilatory response to exercise.

scholarly journals Short-term effect of reduction in forced vital capacity after diving exposure

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hua Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Forced Vital Capacity ◽  
Vital Capacity ◽  
Minute Ventilation ◽  
Pulmonary Ventilation ◽  
Common Factor ◽  
Cumulative Effect ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Small Depth

To discuss whether there is relationship between short-term and long-time attenuation effects of ventilation caused by diving activity. The ventilation observed before and after hyperbaric exposure for 20min by case-control experiments. Participants of the experimental group (EG) stayed for 20min under 12-m underwater and the control group (CG) stayed in hyperbaric chamber under pressure of 2.2ATA. Immediate effects of pulmonary ventilation detected by the Spirometer and compared by paired T test to reveal the different caused by environmental pressure. The Vital Capacity (VC) rises while the Minute Ventilation (MV), Maximal Voluntary Ventilation (MVV) decreases after the exposure for 20min in both groups. The Forced Vital Capacity (FVC) is detected decreased significantly in EG (t=1.21, P =0.25) while it slightly increased in CG (t=-0.42, P =0.68).The ratio of Forced Expiratory Volume in one second to VC (FEV1.0/VC %) increase in EG (t=-0.73, P=0.48) while decrease in CG (t=0.42, P=0.17). The Ratio of FEV1.0 to FVC (FEV1.0 %) values increase obviously in EG (t=-1.48, P =0.16) and a bit in CG (t=-0.23, P =0.82). High pressure is the common factor in both groups that leads the changes in the same trend in VC, MV and MVV. Extra factors as immersion effect, loading of diving equipment and low temperature underwater, would encounter EG participants. Instant reduced effects of FVC under diving exposure in the study are quite consistent with the long-term cumulative effect of professional divers in previous research, which illustrated even small depth of short-range diving exercise have definite influences on ventilation.

scholarly journals Effects of 7-week Resistance Training on Handcycle Performance in Able-bodied Males

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulric Sena Abonie ◽  
Tryntje Albada ◽  
Floor Morrien ◽  
Lucas van der Woude ◽  
Florentina Hettinga
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Training ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Minute Ventilation ◽  
Upper Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Time To Exhaustion ◽  
Resistance Training Program ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Body Resistance

AbstractThe effect of an upper body resistance training program on maximal and submaximal handcycling performance in able-bodied males was explored. Eighteen able-bodied men were randomly assigned to a training group (TG: n=10) and a control group (CG: n=8). TG received 7 weeks of upper body resistance training (60% of 1 repetition maximum (1RM), 3×10 repetitions, 6 exercise stations, 2 times per week). CG received no training. Peak values for oxygen uptake (V˙O2peak), power output (POpeak), heart rate (HRpeak), minute ventilation (V˙OEpeak) and respiratory exchange ratio (RERpeak), submaximal values (HR, V˙O2, RER, PO, and gross mechanical efficiency (GE)), and time to exhaustion (TTE) were determined in an incremental test pre- and post-training. Maximal isokinetic arm strength and 1RM tests were conducted. Ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) were assessed. A two-way repeated measures ANOVA and post-hoc comparisons were performed to examine the effect of time, group and its interaction (p<0.05). TG improved on POpeak (8.55%), TTE (10.73%), and 1RM (12.28–38.98%). RPE at the same stage during pre- and post-test was lower during the post-test (8.17%). Despite no improvements in V˙O2peak, training improved POpeak, muscular strength, and TTE. Upper body resistance training has the potential to improve handcycling performance.

scholarly journals Effects of a Multimodal Exercise Program for People With Ankylosing Spondylitis

2006 ◽  
Vol 86 (7) ◽  
pp. 924-935 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gonca Ince ◽  
Tunay Sarpel ◽  
Behice Durgun ◽  
Seref Erdogan
Keyword(s):  
Vital Capacity ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Work Capacity ◽  
Exercise Group ◽  
Spinal Mobility ◽  
Physical Work ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Physical Work Capacity ◽  
Chest Expansion ◽  
Flexion Test

Abstract Background and Purpose. Few randomized controlled studies have examined the effects of exercise in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS). This study investigated the effects of a 12-week, multimodal exercise program in patients with AS. Subjects. A convenience sample of 30 patients with AS (18 male, 12 female), with a mean age of 34.9 years (SD=6.28), participated in the study. Twenty-six subjects were classified as having stage I AS and 4 subjects were classified as having stage II AS according to the modified New York Criteria. Methods. This study was a randomized controlled trial. Subjects were assigned to either a group that received an exercise program or to a control group. The exercise program consisted of 50 minutes of multimodal exercise, including aerobic, stretching, and pulmonary exercises, 3 times a week for 3 months. Subjects in both groups received medical treatment for AS, but the exercise group received the exercise program in addition to the medical treatment. All subjects received a physical examination at baseline and at 12 weeks. The examinations were conducted under the supervision of a physician who specialized in physical medicine and rehabilitation and included the assessment of spinal mobility using 2 methods: clinical measurements (chin-to-chest distance, Modified Schober Flexion Test, occiput-to-wall distance, finger-to-floor distance, and chest expansion) and inclinometer measurements (gross hip flexion, gross lumbar flexion, and gross thoracic flexion). In addition, vital capacity was measured by a physiologist, and physical work capacity was evaluated by a doctorally prepared exercise instructor. Results. The measurements of the exercise group for chest expansion, chin-to-chest distance, Modified Schober Flexion Test, and occiput-to-wall distance were significantly better than those of the control group after the 3-month exercise period. The spinal movements of the exercise group improved significantly at the end of exercise program, but those of the control group showed no significant change. In addition, the results showed that the posttraining value of gross thoracic flexion of the exercise group was significantly higher than that of the control group. Physical work capacity and vital capacity values improved in the exercise group but decreased in the control group. Discussion and Conclusion. In this study, a multimodal exercise program including aerobic, stretching, and pulmonary exercises provided in conjunction with routine medical management yielded greater improvements in spinal mobility, work capacity, and chest expansion.

Metabolic and cardiovascular adjustment to arm training

1978 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Magel ◽  
W. D. McArdle ◽  
M. Toner ◽  
D. J. Delio
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Minute Ventilation ◽  
Work Capacity ◽  
Treadmill Running ◽  
Oxygen Utilization ◽  
Work Time ◽  
Peak Vo2 ◽  
Training Specificity ◽  
Arm Ergometry ◽  
Arm Work

Maximal and submaximal metabolic and cardiovascular measures and work capacity were studied in control (n = 7) and experimental (n = 9) subjects (S's) during arm work prior to and following 10 wk of interval arm training. These measures were oxygen uptake (VO2), minute ventilation (VE), heart rate (HR), respiratory exchange ratio (R), cardiac output (Q), stroke volume (SV), and arteriovenous oxygen difference ((a--v)O2 diff). In addition, maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) was measured in both groups during treadmill running. Experimental S's showed significant increases (P less than 0.01) in peak VO2 (438 ml.min-1), max VE (17.7 l.min-1), max (a--v)O2 diff (20.8 ml.l-1), and work time (9.2 min) during arm ergometry, while maximum values of Q, SV, HR, and R remained unchanged. In addition, submaximal heart rates were significantly lower during arm ergometry after training. VO2max during treadmill running remained essentially unchanged. No changes in metabolic and physiological measures were noted for the controls after the 10-wk training period. The results support the concept of training specificity for VO2max, and indicate that the improvement in peak VO2 in arm ergometry reflects enhanced oxygen utilization due to an expanded (a--v)O2 diff.

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