scholarly journals Recent Progress in Diagnosis Methods for Latent Tuberculosis Infection and Its Clinical Applications

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 69-74
Author(s):  
Ling Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Latent Tuberculosis Infection ◽  
Latent Tuberculosis ◽  
Interferon Γ ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Active Tuberculosis ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Latent Tb ◽  
Latent Tb Infection

AbstractMost people with latentMycobacterium tuberculosisinfection can partly develop active tuberculosis (TB). Therefore, diagnosis of this condition bears significance in early TB prevention. To date, the main methods for diagnosis of latent TB infection (LTBI) include tuberculin skin test and interferon γ release test. These two methods feature their own advantages and disadvantages. Although new diagnostic markers continually emerge, no uniform diagnostic criteria are available for TB detection. This study summarizes several methods for diagnosis of LTBI and new related markers and their application value in clinical practice.

Surveillance of Employees of Swiss Federal Asylum Centres for Latent Tuberculosis Infection

Respiration ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 369-373
Author(s):  
Jean-Pierre Zellweger ◽  
Ariane Zellweger-Landry ◽  
Jean-Marie Egger ◽  
Annette Koller-Doser ◽  
Axel Jeremias Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Asylum Seekers ◽  
Latent Tuberculosis Infection ◽  
Latent Tuberculosis ◽  
Active Tuberculosis ◽  
Interferon Gamma Release Assay ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Release Assay ◽  
Latent Tb ◽  
Latent Tb Infection

Background: Asylum seekers in Switzerland have to register in federal asylum centres (FACs) before formal permission to enter the country. Some of them may have active tuberculosis (TB), exposing fellow refugees and employees. Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the risk of TB infection among employees of Swiss FACs. Methods: Between 2010 and 2018, a free interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA) was offered to all employees of 8 FACs, at employment and at yearly intervals. We defined latent TB infection as IGRA conversion from negative to positive. IGRA-positive employees were referred to a medical centre for further clinical follow-up. Results: 1,427 tests were performed among 737 employees (54.6% male). 403 (55%) persons were tested only once; 330 (44.5%) were tested several times; for 4 (0.5%) persons, the number of IGRA tests is unknown. Twenty employees (2.7%) had a positive IGRA at baseline, 2 (0.6%) converted from negative to positive during follow-up, resulting in an incidence of 22/10,000 person-years. We observed no case of active TB among employees. Conclusions: The prevalence of latent TB among employees to Swiss FACs and the risk of acquiring TB infection through work-related exposure are low. Yearly IGRA controls in the absence of documented TB exposure seem unnecessary.

scholarly journals Effect of isoniazid on antigen-specific interferon-γ secretion in latent tuberculosis

2014 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 473-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martha Torres ◽  
Lourdes García-García ◽  
Pablo Cruz-Hervert ◽  
Heinner Guio ◽  
Claudia Carranza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Latent Tuberculosis ◽  
Peptide Pool ◽  
Interferon Γ ◽  
Treatment Regimes ◽  
Latent Tb ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
New Treatment ◽  
Latent Tb Infection ◽  
Culture Filtrate Protein

Treatment of persons with latent tuberculosis (TB) infection at greatest risk of reactivation is an important component of TB control and elimination strategies. Biomarkers evaluating the effectiveness of treatment of latent TB infection have not yet been identified. This information would enhance control efforts and assist the evaluation of new treatment regimes.We designed a two-group, two-arm, randomised clinical study of tuberculin skin test-positive participants: 26 with documented contact with TB patients and 34 with non-documented contact. Participants in each group were randomly assigned to the immediate- or deferred-isoniazid treatment arms. Assays ofin vitrointerferon (IFN)-γ secretion in response to recombinant Rv1737 and overlapping synthetic peptide pools from various groups of immunodominant proteins were performed.During isoniazid therapy, a significant increase from baseline in the proportion of IFN-γ responders to the 10-kDa culture filtrate protein, Rv2031, Rv0849, Rv1986, Rv2659c, Rv2693c and the recombinant Rv1737 protein was observed (p⩽0.05). The peptide pool of Rv0849 and Rv1737 recombinant proteins induced the highest percentage of IFN-γ responders after isoniazid therapy.Thein vitroIFN-γ responses to these proteins might represent useful markers to evaluate changes associated with treatment of latent TB infection.

scholarly journals ID Learning Unit: Understanding Advances in the Treatment of Latent Tuberculosis Infection among People with HIV

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicky J Mehtani ◽  
Sarah Puryear ◽  
Paul Pham ◽  
Kelly E Dooley ◽  
Maunank Shah
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Drug Interactions ◽  
Latent Tuberculosis Infection ◽  
Modern Art ◽  
Latent Tuberculosis ◽  
Significant Heterogeneity ◽  
Preventative Therapy ◽  
Latent Tb ◽  
Latent Tb Infection ◽  
Current Guidelines

Abstract Tuberculosis remains the leading cause of death among people with HIV (PWH). The diagnosis of latent TB infection (LTBI) and treatment with TB preventative therapy (TPT) can reduce morbidity and mortality in this population. Historically, isoniazid has been recommended for TPT in PWH due to the absence of drug-drug interactions with most antiretroviral therapy (ART). However, newer rifamycin-based regimens are safer, shorter in duration, associated with improved adherence, and may be as or more effective than isoniazid TPT. Current guidelines have significant heterogeneity in their recommendations for TPT regimens and acceptability of drug interactions with modern ART. In this ID learning unit, we review common questions on diagnosis, treatment, and drug interactions related to the management of LTBI among PWH.

scholarly journals Age associated level of estradiol (E2) and progesterone (4) influence IL-8 response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) antigens in women.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priscillia Virginie Liesse MBOUROU MENSAH ◽  
Marielle LEBOUENY ◽  
Paulin NDONG ESSONE ◽  
Anicet Christel MALOUPAZOA SIAWAYA ◽  
Amel Kévin ALAME-EMANE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Active Tuberculosis ◽  
Specific Response ◽  
Hormonal Changes ◽  
Infection Site ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Menopausal Women ◽  
Latent Tb ◽  
Latent Tb Infection ◽  
Pro Inflammatory Cytokines

Abstract Tuberculosis (TB) is an intracellular infection controlled the effective recruitment of effectors immune cells at infection site. In aged premenopausal or menopausal women, there is an increased pro-inflammatory cytokines secretion suggesting an underlying link between cytokines response and estrogen (E2) and progesterone (P4) levels. In this study we compared women aged 40 years old and above (premenopausal) and women aged below 40 years old with and without latent TB infection to determine the link between E2, P4 and cytokines response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) stimuli. E2 and P4 levels were significantly higher in women under 40 years old than in women above 40 years old irrespective their LTB status (p < [0.0001–0.05]). In women under 40 years old, E2 and P4 were found to correlate negatively and significantly with IL-8 response to M. tuberculosis antigens stimulation ((p < [0.001–0.01]). Furthermore, M. tuberculosis IL-8 specific response was significantly higher in women above 40 years old than women under 40 years old. This study demonstrates that women aging and the linked hormonal changes are associated with hence IL-8 response to M. tuberculosis antigen, which may have implications for the age-related susceptibility or resistance to active tuberculosis.

The Diagnostic Value of Blood and Urine IP-10 Test in Children Having Active Tuberculosis or Latent Tuberculosis Infection

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salim Can ◽  
Ayse Sahin ◽  
Nazan Dalgic ◽  
Deniz Aygün
Keyword(s):  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Latent Tuberculosis ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Active Tuberculosis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Combined Use ◽  
Latent Tb ◽  
Inducible Protein ◽  
Latent Tb Infection

Abstract Objective This study aimed to investigate interferon-gamma-inducible protein-10 (IP-10) values in serum and urine in pediatric patients in the diagnosis of active tuberculosis (TB) or latent TB infection (LTBI). It also aimed to investigate whether it can be used as a biomarker to distinguish between active TB and LTBI. Methods Our study comprised active TB (25 patients), LTBI (25 patients), and the “infected” group (50 patients) formed by combining the two groups. As the control group, 37 healthy children were included in the study. TB skin test, plasma IP-10, and urine IP-10 measurements were performed in all patients included in the study. An additional QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube (QFT-GIT) test was performed on patients evaluated as active TB or LTBI. Results Plasma IP-10 levels of the patients in the active TB, LTBI, and the “infected” groups were significantly higher than the control group (p = 0.022, p = 0.028, and p = 0.007, respectively). Urine IP-10 was successful in distinguishing the active TB and “infected” groups from the control group (p = 0.007 and p = 0.047, respectively). Also, in the combined use of the tests, when QFT-GIT and urine IP-10 were positive together, active TB and LTBI could be distinguished (p = 0.044). Urine IP-10 levels were found to be significantly higher in those with pulmonary TB than those with extrapulmonary TB (p = 0.012). Conclusion Our findings suggest that IP-10 can be used as a useful biomarker in the diagnosis of active TB in children.

Prospective evaluation of latent tuberculosis with interferon-γ release assays in drug and alcohol abusers

2009 ◽  
Vol 137 (9) ◽  
pp. 1342-1347 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. RIVAS ◽  
I. LATORRE ◽  
A. SANVISENS ◽  
J. DOMÍNGUEZ ◽  
J. TOR ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Latent Tuberculosis ◽  
Interferon Γ ◽  
Alcohol Abusers ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
History Of ◽  
Latent Tb ◽  
Latent Tb Infection ◽  
Drug And Alcohol ◽  
Good Agreement

SUMMARYIn vitro tests have been developed for the diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB) infection. The objective was to analyse latent TB infection in drug and alcohol abusers through two interferon-γ techniques. One hundred and thirty-nine patients were admitted between February 2006 and May 2007. Mean age was 39·8 years [31% HIV positive]. The enzyme immunoassay (EIA) and enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT) interferon-γ assays were positive in 34% of patients with an agreement of 83% (κ=0·63). Tuberculin skin test (TST) was positive in 29% of patients and the agreement of TST with EIA and ELISPOT interferon-γ assays was 85% (κ=0·62) and 83% (κ=0·57), respectively. Almost 50% of patients with history of TB had a positive in vitro test. In conclusion, we observed a high prevalence of latent TB and good agreement between the new in vitro tests that otherwise may continue to be positive long after developing TB disease.

Comparison of Screening Procedures for Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection Among Patients with Inflammatory Diseases

2009 ◽  
Vol 36 (9) ◽  
pp. 1876-1884 ◽  
Author(s):  
BOLETTE SOBORG ◽  
MORTEN RUHWALD ◽  
MERETE LUND HETLAND ◽  
SØREN JACOBSEN ◽  
AASE BENGAARD ANDERSEN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Interferon Γ ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Infection ◽  
Tb Treatment ◽  
Latent Tb ◽  
Latent Tb Infection ◽  
High Degree

Objective.To test if Mycobacterium tuberculosis screening results differ among patients with inflammatory disease depending on whether the QuantiFeron TB-Gold test (QFT) or tuberculin skin test (TST) is used; and to evaluate if a possible difference is influenced by the presence of risk factors or immunosuppression.Methods.The interferon-γ response to in vitro stimulation of M. tuberculosis-specific antigens was measured with QFT and results were compared with TST. Associations to bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccination, risk factors, and immunosuppression were analyzed for both tests.Results.QFT and TST results were available for 294/302 and 241/302 patients, respectively; 234 had results from both tests. Twenty-one (7%) tested positive with QFT and 45 (19%) with TST. A positive QFT was associated with risk factors for M. tuberculosis infection: i.e., birth or upbringing in a TB-endemic area [risk ratio (RR) = 7.8, 95% CI 1.5–18.2, p < 0.001], previous TB treatment (RR 4.7, 95% CI 1.6–13.5, p = 0.005), and any latent TB infection risk factor (RR 4.7, 95% CI 2.1–11.0, p = 0.0002). Treatment with corticosteroids increased the risk for an inconclusive QFT result (RR 4.2, 95% CI 1.6–10.7, p = 0.04) and decreased the risk for a positive TST result (RR 0.4, 95% CI 0.1–1.0, p = 0.04). Agreement between the tests was low (kappa 0.2, 95% CI 0.02–0.3, p = 0.002).Conclusion.The study documented a high degree of discordant positive QFT and TST results. A positive QFT was more closely associated with risk factors for M. tuberculosis infection than the TST. The use of corticosteroids affected test outcome by increasing the risk for an inconclusive QFT result and decreasing the risk for a positive TST result.

scholarly journals Longitudinal Mycobacterium tuberculosis specific interferon-γ responses in Ethiopian HIV-negative women during pregnancy and post-partum

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fregenet Tesfaye ◽  
John Walles ◽  
Erik Sturegård ◽  
Niclas Winqvist ◽  
Taye Tolera Balcha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Interferon Γ ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Dynamic Changes ◽  
Cellular Immune Responses ◽  
Latent Tb ◽  
Latent Tb Infection ◽  
Cellular Immune ◽  
Hiv Negative

Background: Pregnancy may influence cellular immune responses to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). We investigated Mtb-specific interferon-γ responses in women followed longitudinally during pregnancy and post-partum. Methods: Interferon-γ levels (stimulated by Mtb antigens [TB1 and TB2] and mitogen included in the QuantiFERON-TB Gold Plus assay) were measured in blood from pregnant HIV-negative women identified from a prospective cohort at Ethiopian antenatal care clinics. Longitudinal comparisons included women without active TB with Mtb-triggered interferon-γ responses ≥0.20 IU/ml, sampled on two and/or three occasions (1 st /2 nd trimester, 3 rd trimester and 9 months post-partum). Results: Among 2093 women in the source cohort, 363 met inclusion criteria for longitudinal comparisons of Mtb-stimulated interferon-γ responses. Median Mtb-triggered interferon-γ concentrations were higher at 3 rd compared to 1 st /2 nd trimester (in 38 women with samples available from these timepoints; TB1: 2.8 vs 1.6 IU/ml, p=0.005; TB2: 3.3 vs 2.8 IU/ml, p=0.03) and post-partum (in 49 women with samples available from these timepoints; TB1: 3.1 vs 2.2 IU/ml, p=0.01; TB2: 3.1 vs 2.3 IU/ml, p=0.03). In contrast, mitogen-stimulated interferon-γ levels were lower at 3 rd compared with 1 st /2 nd trimester (in 32 women with samples available from these timepoints: 21.0 vs 34.9 IU/ml, p=0.02). Results were similar in 22 women sampled on all three occasions. Conclusions: In HIV-negative women, Mtb-stimulated interferon-γ responses were higher during the 3 rd trimester compared to earlier stages of pregnancy and post-partum, despite decreased mitogen-triggered responses. These findings suggest increased Mtb-specific cellular responses due to dynamic changes of latent TB infection during pregnancy.

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