Hydrogen peroxide assisted electrocoagulation treatment of rice gain based biodigester effluent: mechanism, performance, and cost analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Savita Dubey ◽  
Amita Joshi ◽  
Rashmi Trivedi ◽  
Parmesh Kumar Chaudhari ◽  
Dharm Pal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Harmful Effect ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Iron Electrode ◽  
Optimum Operating ◽  
Aluminum Electrode ◽  
Aquatic Life ◽  
The Cost

Abstract In the current scenario treatment of industrial waste water is big challenge especially waste water that contain high organic load. Hydrogen peroxide assisted electrocoagulation (EC) process provides better result to treat highly polluted wastewater as compared to EC alone. However, hydrogen peroxide is well known as a strong oxidant, which cast a potential threat to human health. To overcome this problem hydrogen peroxide has been used here for treatment of wastewater in small quantity, and that consume during the process. Therefore the harmful effect of hydrogen peroxide in human and aquatic life could be minimized. This work is an attempt to treat biodigester effluent (BDE) using H2O2 assisted EC processes with respect to chemical oxygen demand (COD) and color reductions. To perform this experiment both iron and aluminum electrodes are used as an electrode material in the presence of H2O2. In case of iron electrode the maximum COD and color reduction efficiency of 98.3 and 83.6% was achieved at the cost of 1.5 Wh/dm3 energy consumption while maximum COD and color removal efficiency of 96.8 and 77.1% with 1.7 Wh/dm3 of energy consumption was observed in the aluminum electrode based EC process. A part from this conventional biological process (i.e., activated sludge treatment, ponds, and lagoon etc.) and physiochemical treatment process (i.e., coagulation, adsorption) provided treatment efficiency of 40–80% hence hydrogen peroxide assisted EC process should a better choice to treat distillery effluent. Furthermore, hybrid EC process was also performed with iron used as anode and aluminum as cathode in the presence of H2O2. Iron electrode based peroxi-EC process provided better result at optimum operating conditions; current density of 114 A/m2, initial COD concentration of 12,000 mg/dm3, initial pH of 7.3, H2O2 concentration of 120 mg/dm3, stirring speed of 120 rpm and electrolysis time of 90 min. The cost estimated for operation is 1.56 US $/m3. Finally, sludge analysis and cost optimization are also incorporated in this article.

Conduction Roaster for Accelerated Roasting of Peanut

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (02) ◽  
pp. 112-123
Author(s):  
Rakesh Kumar Raigar ◽  
Hari Niwas Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Specific Energy ◽  
Rotational Speed ◽  
Specific Energy Consumption ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Moisture Loss ◽  
Optimum Operating ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Roasting Temperature

Roasting is one of the thermo-mechanical operation in cereals and oilseeds processing. Low-capacity machine for mechanisation of roasting is necessary for small-scale processing. A conduction-type motorised rotary roaster (8 kg per batch) was designed and developed for roasting of peanuts. Performance of the roaster was evaluated in terms of moisture loss, scorched kernels, and specific energy consumption for accelerated roasting of peanut. The effects of different roasting conditions were studied to determine the optimum operating conditions of the roaster. Quality indices of peanuts as moisture loss (kg.kg-1), scorched kernel (%), and specific energy consumption (kWh.kg-1) were dependent on the operating conditions. The optimum value of moisture loss (0.041± 0.003 kg.kg-1), scorched kernel (0.93± 0.0.004 % ), and specific energy consumption (0.185 ± 0.005 kWh.kg-1) were obtained at roasting temperature of 170°C, roasting time of 15 min, and rotational speed of 20 rpm for roasting peanut. The roasting characteristics of peanut decreased linearly with increase in the temperature and time; and decrease in the rotational speed. The inferior quality parameters were observed at higher temperatures, speed and medium time of roasting. The study indicated optimum roasting temperature of peanut to be 170°C, and further increase in the process temperature had undesirable effects on roasted peanut quality due to high loss of moisture.

Application of Taguchi Optimization Method in Improving the Selectivity of Dihydroxystearic Acid

2015 ◽  
Vol 1113 ◽  
pp. 703-709 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siti Khatijah Jamaludin ◽  
Ku Halim Ku Hamid ◽  
Hazimah Abu Hassan ◽  
Ayub Md Som ◽  
Zulina Maurad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Taguchi Method ◽  
Formic Acid ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Optimum Operating ◽  
Dihydroxystearic Acid ◽  
Catalyst Loading ◽  
Taguchi Optimization

Dihydroxystearic acid (DHSA) is perceived to be of significant value to various types of industries, especially the oleochemical industry. It is produced by reacting palm-based crude oleic acid (OA) with formic acid and hydrogen peroxide through thein situepoxidation-dihydroxylation, a multistep reaction process. Optimization of the reaction’s operating conditions with respect to the selectivity of DHSA was conducted via the Taguchi method of optimization. The selectivity of DHSA was determined based on gas chromatography (GC) analysis. The signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio analysis procedure in Taguchi method revealed that the optimum operating conditions for the production of crude DHSA with respect to its selectivity were found to be: catalyst (sulphuric acid) loading at 0.5 gm, formic acid-to-oleic acid unsaturation mole ratio of 1:1, hydrogen peroxide-to-oleic acid unsaturation mole ratio of 0.75:1 and reaction temperature: 85°C. ANOVA tested at 90% confidence level revealed that reaction temperature and catalyst loading highly affect the selectivity of DHSA. The selectivity of DHSA was improved to 97.2% by applying the optimum operating conditions as obtained by Taguchi method.

scholarly journals Effect of Temperature on Diluate Water in Batch Electrodialysis Reversal

Separations ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 229
Author(s):  
Germán Eduardo Dévora-Isiordia ◽  
Alejandra Ayala-Espinoza ◽  
Luis Alberto Lares-Rangel ◽  
María Isela Encinas-Guzmán ◽  
Reyna Guadalupe Sánchez-Duarte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Significant Degree ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Limiting Current ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Input Concentration ◽  
Limiting Current Density ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Increasing Temperature ◽  
The Cost

A high percentage of the agricultural wells in the state of Sonora are overexploited, thus generating a significant degree of saline intrusion and abandonment by nearby communities. In this paper, the effect of temperature on the final concentration of diluted water was evaluated with variations in voltage and input concentration in a batch electrodialysis reversal (EDR) process in order to find the optimal operating conditions, with an emphasis on reducing the energy consumption and cost of desalinated water. Thirty-six samples were prepared: eighteen samples of 2000 mg/L total dissolved solids (TDS) and eighteen samples of 5000 mg/L TDS; brackish well water of 639 mg/L TDS and synthetic salt were mixed to obtain these concentrations. Three different temperatures (25, 30, and 35 °C) and two different voltages (10 and 20 V) were tested for each sample after evaluating the limiting current density. The best salt removal occurred in the 20 V sets, with 18.34% higher removal for the 2000 mg/L TDS experiments and 25.05% for the 5000 mg/L experiments (average between the 25 to 35 °C tests). The temperature positively affected the EDR, especially in the experiments at 10 V, where increasing by 10 °C increased the efficiency by 10.83% and 24.69% for 2000 and 5000 mg/L TDS, respectively. The energy consumption was lower with increasing temperature (35 °C), as it decreased by 1.405% and 1.613% for the 2000 and 5000 mg/L TDS concentrations, respectively (average between the 10 and 20 V tests), thus decreasing the cost per m3 of water.

scholarly journals Temperature Effect on Permeate Water in Batch Electrodialysis Reversal

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Germán Eduardo Dévora-Isiordia ◽  
Alejandra Ayala-Espinoza ◽  
Luis Alberto Lares-Rangel
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Temperature Effect ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Optimal Operating ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Agricultural Use ◽  
Reduction Of Energy Consumption ◽  
Increasing Temperature ◽  
The Cost ◽  
High Degree

Currently, a large part of the wells for agricultural use located in the state of Sonora are overexploited, which generates a high degree of saline intrusion and abandonment by nearby communities. In this paper the temperature effect on the final concentration of permeate water was evaluated through voltage and intel concentration variations in a batch electrodialysis reversal process (EDR), in order to identify optimal operating conditions with emphasis on the reduction of energy consumption and cost of desalinated water. Thirty-six samples were prepared: eighteen 2,000 mg/L total dissolved solids (TDS) samples and eighteen 5,000 mg/L TDS samples; brackish well water of 639 mg/L TDS and synthetic salt were mixed to obtain those concentrations. 3 different temperatures (25, 30, 35 °C) and 2 different voltages (10 and 20 V) were tested for each sample. The best salt removal occurred in the 20 V arrays, with 18.34% higher removal for 2,000 mg/L TDS experiments and 25.05% for 5,000 mg/L experiments (average between the 25 to 35 °C tests). Temperature positively affected EDR, especially in the experiments at 10 V voltage, where increasing 10 °C increased its efficiency by 10.83% and 24.69% for 2,000 and 5,000 mg/L TDS, respectively. Energy consumption was lower with increasing temperature (35 °C), as it decreased by 1.405% and 1.613% for 2,000 and 5,000 mg/L TDS concentrations, respectively (average between 10 and 20 V tests), decreasing the cost per m3 of water.

The Effect of Receiver Optical Properties on Solar Thermal Electric Systems

1981 ◽  
Vol 103 (3) ◽  
pp. 207-212
Author(s):  
P. J. Call ◽  
G. J. Jorgensen ◽  
J. R. Pitts
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Solar Thermal ◽  
System Capacity ◽  
Optimum Operating ◽  
Electric Power Plants ◽  
Computer Calculations ◽  
Detailed Computer ◽  
The Cost

The importance of reducing the thermal emittance of the receiver surface on the cost effective operation of intermediate and high temperature (≥ 400 °C) solar thermal electric power plants is discussed. Computer codes for seven systems (point and line focus) are used to independently determine optimum operating conditions for selective (low emittance) and nonselective receiver surfaces. The detailed computer calculations show excellent agreement with numbers generated from a simplified analytical model indicating that system dynamics are a secondary effect in this sensitivity analysis. This study reveals that improvements in system cost effectiveness of 5 to 10 percent for desert environments can be produced by reducing receiver emittance from 0.95 to 0.3. The system operating temperature is determined not to be a critical parameter and little effect is observed on the system capacity factor.

Operational cost minimization of heat pump for milk pasteurization in dairy

2005 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 482-485 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehmet Sait Söylemez
Keyword(s):  
Heat Pump ◽  
Cost Minimization ◽  
Thermal Analyses ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Optimum Operating ◽  
Operational Cost ◽  
Economic Optimization ◽  
Algebraic Formula ◽  
Auxiliary Heater ◽  
The Cost

A thermo economic optimization analysis is presented yielding simple algebraic formula for estimating the optimum operating conditions of interconnected heat pump assisted milk pasteurizing systems. The overall operational cost method including the cost of auxiliary heater is used in the present study, together with the thermal analyses of all system components, for thermo economic analysis of the system.

Investigation of the System Parameters Affecting the Runtime of a Freezer Compartment

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Husnu Kerpicci ◽  
Onur Poyraz ◽  
Tolga N. Aynur ◽  
Ismail Teke
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Empirical Model ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Optimum Operating ◽  
Experimental Setup ◽  
Airflow Rate ◽  
System Parameters ◽  
Evaporation Temperature ◽  
Wide Range

In this study, an experimental setup was built to evaluate the energy consumption of a freezer compartment by varying the runtime (i.e. the ratio of the compressor ON time to the total cycle time) of the system with the evaporation temperature and the airflow rate. Evaporation temperature and the normalized airflow rate were varied from −25°C to −28°C and from 0.8 to 1.4, respectively, thus the effects of these parameters on the runtime of the freezer were evaluated in a wide range of operating conditions. In addition, an empirical model that estimates the runtime within ± 4% compared to the experimental data was presented. By using the empirical model, optimum operating conditions (i.e. evaporation temperature and airflow rate) for the freezer were found with an energy saving of %13.8.

scholarly journals Degradation and biodegradability improvement of the landfill leachate using electrocoagulation with iron and aluminum electrodes: A comparative study

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 540-549 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Bharath ◽  
B. M. Krishna ◽  
B. Manoj Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Landfill Leachate ◽  
Electrode Material ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Iron Electrode ◽  
Aluminum Electrode ◽  
Electrolysis Time ◽  
Electrode Distance ◽  
Aluminum Electrodes

Abstract This present study investigates the comparative study of iron and aluminum electrodes for the treatment of landfill leachate by the Batch Electrocoagulation (EC) technique. The performance of EC was used to determine the removal efficiency of COD and Color. The effects of operating conditions such as electrode material, stirring speed, inter-electrode distance, electrolysis time, initial pH, and applied voltage were studied to evaluate the performance of the electrode. The electrodes were arranged in a monopolar mode by applying different cell voltages of 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 V for 180 min of electrolysis time (ET) with a varying inter-electrode distance between 1 and 4 cm. The iron and aluminum electrodes can be successfully used as anodes and cathodes for the treatment process, which makes the process more efficient and easier to maintain. Based on the obtained results, it was observed that there was an increase in BOD/COD ratio from 0.11 to 0.79. The maximum removal of COD and Color was found to be 76.5% and 67.2% respectively, accomplished with 105 min optimum electrolysis time with a pH of 9.25 using an iron electrode. In the case of the aluminum electrode, the BOD/COD ratio was increased from 0.11 to 0.66. Over 78.4% of COD and 77.0% of Color removal was obtained with 90 min optimum electrolysis duration and pH 9.3 with an optimum 10 V and an optimum inter-electrode distance of 1 cm. However, the aluminum electrode is superior to iron as a sacrificial electrode material in terms of Color and COD removal efficiency. The aluminum electrode significantly treated landfill leachate by the electrocoagulation method under optimum experimental conditions.

scholarly journals Dehydration of Ethanol by PSA Process with Pressure Equalization Step Added

Bioethanol ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luz Elena Gomar-Madriz ◽  
Jaime Saucedo Luna ◽  
Medardo Serna-González ◽  
Salvador Hernández-Castro ◽  
Agustin Jaime Castro-Montoya
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Optimum Operating ◽  
Ethanol Dehydration ◽  
Operating Cycle ◽  
Pressure Equalization ◽  
Consequent Reduction ◽  
Current Cycle ◽  
Production Increase ◽  
Pressure Swing

AbstractIn this work, the ethanol dehydration production process is carried out using the Mathematical Modeling Pressure Adsorption Process. A new model is suggested, it has two equalization steps, and is compared with the Industrial Pressure Swing Process operating cycle. An analysis of the effects of introducing the pressure equalization step is performed on four main response variables: purity, production, recovery and energy consumption and it is compared with the current cycle configuration operating in the industry. We used Aspen Adsorption for the valuation and simulation of the cyclic PSA process. We analyzed and processed the simulation results in Statgraphics Centurion to obtain optimum operating conditions for the process. This evaluation shows that purity decreases slightly, whereas recovery and production increase. The most important thing is that the energy consumption is reduced. These results clearly show that by modifying the operating cycle schema, optimum operating conditions also change. The optimization of the new cycle was executed considering as variables bed pressure, adsorption time and purging flow. We found that a smaller column is more productive for the equalization cycle than that of a 14m bed, which is optimal in the industrial cycle with a consequent reduction in adsorbent material.

scholarly journals Pulse electro-coagulation application in treating dibutyl phthalate wastewater

2017 ◽  
Vol 76 (5) ◽  
pp. 1124-1131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Wang ◽  
Tianqing Liu
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Current Density ◽  
Dibutyl Phthalate ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Iron Electrode ◽  
Synthetic Wastewater ◽  
Aluminum Electrode ◽  
Initial Ph ◽  
Electro Coagulation

Pulse electro-coagulation (PEC) was applied to treat plastic factory wastewater in this study. One representative plasticizer molecule was chosen for the synthetic wastewater: dibutyl phthalate (DBP). Experiments demonstrated that PEC exhibits superior economic efficiency and removal efficiency compared to traditional electro-coagulation in wastewater treatment. Experimental data also indicated that at a given current density, compared with the aluminum electrode, the iron electrode could more efficiently remove DBP from wastewater. With an initial pH of 8–9, the required energy was 2.5 kWh m−3 for 75% DBP removal in the case of iron as the anode type. In general, the pollutants have been successfully reduced to environmentally acceptable levels under the following operating conditions: iron as the anode type, interelectrode distance of 10 mm, duty cycle of 0.6, pH of 8–9 and current density of 15 mA cm−2 for PEC time >15 min.

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