Bioethics, Rent-Seeking, and Death: Examining the Opposition to Kidney Markets

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bertrand Lemennicier ◽  
Nikolai G. Wenzel
Keyword(s):  
Medical Equipment ◽  
Free Market ◽  
Rent Seeking ◽  
Organ Allocation ◽  
Gains From Trade ◽  
Central Planner ◽  
Vested Interests ◽  
Trade Analysis ◽  
Immense Potential

Abstract The market for kidneys offers a case study of Baptists and Bootleggers. In almost every country, sales are currently illegal and donated organs are allocated by a central planner. Thousands of people die every year, because of the shortage caused by the absence of markets. This paper starts by examining the free-market alternative, and shows that a market would solve the shortage (and thus unnecessary deaths). It then uses gains-from-trade analysis to explain why current vested interests oppose a move to a market, despite the immense potential for saved lives. In a shift to a market, gains from trade would be distributed away from lucky patients (who receive a zero-price kidney) and various industries that benefit from the shortage (dialysis, medical equipment, etc.); these “Bootleggers” form an alliance with “Baptists” (altruistic donors, large segments of the bioethics community, and organ allocation central planners).

On the Origins of Administrative Rent: Doing Business in a Russian Region N

2010 ◽  
pp. 58-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Oleinik
Keyword(s):  
Rent Seeking ◽  
Individual Decision ◽  
Resource Rent ◽  
Competitive Edge ◽  
Doing Business ◽  
Russian Region ◽  
Positive Gain ◽  
Access To The Field ◽  
Quantitative And Qualitative Methods

In the article two types of rent are differentiated: resource rent and administrative rent. The latter is linked to restrictions on the access to the field of interactions. The contribution of the theory of public choice and the theory of rent-seeking and directly-unproductive activities is further developed by shifting the emphasis from individual decision-making to interactions between three actors: C, who controls access to the field, A, who gets a competitive edge as a result, and B, who assumes a subjacent position with regard to both A and C, yet still receives a positive gain from transacting. Domination by virtue of a constellation of As, Bs, and Cs interests is illustrated with the help of an in-depth case study of a Russian region. This study combines quantitative and qualitative methods, as well as their triangulation.

scholarly journals Where There’s At-Will, There Are Many Ways: Redressing the Increasing Incoherence of Employment at Will

2005 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott A. Moss
Keyword(s):  
Free Market ◽  
Common Law ◽  
State Courts ◽  
Free Enterprise ◽  
Employment At Will ◽  
Legal Remedy ◽  
The Will ◽  
The Common ◽  
At Will

Employment at will, the doctrine holding that employees have no legal remedy for unfair terminations because they hold their jobs at the will of the employer, has become mired in incoherence. State courts praise the common law rule as “essential to free enterprise” and “central to the free market,” but in recent years they increasingly have riddled the rule with exceptions, allowing employee claims for whistleblowing, fraud, etc. Yet states have neither rejected employment at will nor shown any consistency in recognizing exceptions. Strikingly, states cite the same rationales to adopt and reject opposite exceptions, as a case study of two states illustrates: One state accepts exception X to protect employees while rejecting exception Y to maintain employment at will; yet on the same rationales, the other accepts exception Y while rejecting X.

scholarly journals A Modest Referee: Measuring The UNESCO CCD’S Effect On Culture And Free Trade Agreement Negotiation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chantal Braganza
Keyword(s):  
Free Trade ◽  
Cultural Policy ◽  
Cultural Diplomacy ◽  
Free Market ◽  
Free Trade Agreements ◽  
Trade Agreement ◽  
Trade Disputes ◽  
Trade Dispute ◽  
Unesco Convention

The purpose of this research is to assess the effectiveness of the UNESCO Convention on the Protection and Promotion of Diversity of Cultural Expressions (CCD) as a trade instrument intended to protect local culture and cultural industries from free market influences. Much previous writing has pointed out flaws or weaknesses in its legal language and structure; few studies have been carried out on the way it has been cited and employed in actual trade negotiations and disputes. Through a recount of the its history, a close read of the original document of the CCD itself, and a case-study examination of two recently signed free trade agreements and a concluded international trade dispute, this research paper will show that the ways in which this nearly 15-year-old document has been employed does not quite live up to its intended purpose. Keywords: cultural policy, free trade, UNESCO CCD, culture and trade disputes, cultural diplomacy, CETA, CPTPP

Asian Trade and Supply Chain Linkages

2021 ◽  
pp. 395-410
Author(s):  
Dan Ciuriak ◽  
Philip Calvert
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Supply Chains ◽  
Economic Integration ◽  
Emergency Preparedness ◽  
Medical Equipment ◽  
Production Networks ◽  
Global Production Networks ◽  
System P ◽  
The Impact

This chapter begins with an overview of the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on economies of Asia generally, before turning to its impact on supply chains specifically, using the medical equipment sector as a case study to illustrate the practical complexities. It then considers the pandemic’s implications for the multilateral trade system and its impact on Asian economic integration and regionalism. The pandemic has motivated attempts to increase robustness of supply chains through diversification away from excessive dependence on China and into Southeast and South Asia, in an incremental rather than revolutionary way; no wholesale departure from manufacturing in China is anticipated. For most countries, the most efficient response is to continue to rely on international trade and global production networks, while addressing the strategic concerns through improved emergency-preparedness stockpiles. The increased pressure for reshoring, however, is part of a larger disaffection with globalization and the erosion of the rules-based international trade system.

Digital, Decentralized Supply Chain and Its Implication for B2B Marketing

2021 ◽  
pp. 46-63
Author(s):  
Subhasis Ray
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Medical Equipment ◽  
Small Towns ◽  
Digital Platforms ◽  
B2b Marketing ◽  
Organizational Buying ◽  
Decentralized Supply Chain ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Industrial Buying

This chapter discusses the possible effects of decentralized, digital supply chains on B2B marketing. Traditional buying and selling functions will change once large organizations decide to procure from digital platforms. Using the case study of medikabazaar.com, an Indian start-up, the chapter shows that while medical supply purchase will become decentralized, digital platforms will create a new centralization of suppliers and have a significant impact on industrial buying particularly for high value medical equipment purchase in small towns or small hospitals. Organizational buying process will be impacted and companies that choose to supply products directly to hospitals will have to change their marketing strategy suitably.

scholarly journals Religious Regulation and Churches’ Responses—A Case Study on the Anti-Demolition Actions of Christians in Wenzhou

Religions ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianzhong Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Central Government ◽  
Free Market ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Leadership Roles ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Market Operation ◽  
Government Planning ◽  
The Cost

This article focuses on the characteristics, causes, and patterns of the anti-demolition actions by churches in Wenzhou. Based on my six field studies from July 2014 to February 2016, I discovered that: (1) these actions are more explicit in Wenzhou churches due to their regional distinctiveness; (2) a wide range of differences can be observed among Wenzhou churches due to their doctrinal diversity; and (3) ‘poor pastors’ have taken the leadership roles in the anti-demolition activities instead of the ‘boss Christians’. Considering the ongoing tension in the Chinese religious environment between central government planning and free market operation, the author points out that the pastoral district system in Wenzhou plays a very important role in anti-demolition and offers the ‘cost–benefit’ exchange theory to explain the pattern of the anti-demolition activities by Wenzhou churches.

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