The trade-off between the olfactory bulb and eyeball volume in precocious puberty

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 271-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Murat Karaoglan ◽  
Hale Colakoğlu Er ◽  
Emel Hatun Aytaç ◽  
Mehmet Keskin
Keyword(s):  
Olfactory Bulb ◽  
Precocious Puberty ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disorder ◽  
Size Change ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
History Of ◽  
Sensory Structures ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Brain

AbstractBackgroundThe olfactory bulb (OB) and eyeball size change depending on age and puberty. There is a well-established trade-off between sensory structures of the brain such as the eye and the olfactory bulb that depend on environmental circumstances in the evolutionary history of animals.The aim of this study was to developmentally investigate the potential reciprocal changes between OB and eyeball volumes (EV) in girls with precocious puberty (PP).MethodsA total of 148 girls aged between 5 and 8 years (63 PP, 85 healthy) were included in the study. Exclusion criteria: Cases of anosmia/hyposmia, neurodegenerative disorder, refractive errors and trauma. The pituitary height (PH), EV and OB volumes were measured on segmentation of a magnetic resonance image (MRI) slice using manual countering. The corrected measurements by body surface were used in all statistical analyses.ResultsIn girls with PP, the means of the OB volume and PH were larger (71.11 ± 20.64 mL) and higher (4.62 ± 1.18 mm), respectively, while the mean of EVs was smaller (11.24 ± 2.62 cm3) (p = 0.000). Cut-off values were 62.27 mL, 10.7 cm3 and 4.71 mm for OB volume, EV and PH, respectively. While negative correlations were found between OB volume-EV and EV-PH (r63 = −0.224, p = 0.001 and r63 = −0.116, p = 0.001, respectively), OB volume was positively correlated with PH (r63 = 0.578, p = 0.001).ConclusionsThe present study demonstrates that girls with PP have significantly larger OB volume, but smaller EV, and there is negative correlation between the two structures. These results indicate that there is trade-off between anatomical dimensions of OB and eyeball in favor of OB in PP girls.

scholarly journals Clinical Spectrum and Neuroimaging Changes in Neurodegenerative Disorder-Experiences in Tertiary Care Hospital of Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
pp. 10-14
Author(s):  
Gopen Kumar Kundu ◽  
Rumana Islam ◽  
Noor E-Sabah ◽  
ABM Mukib
Keyword(s):  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disorder ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Male To Female

Neurodegenerative diseases (NDD) are a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by progressive loss of previously acquired skills that are of varied etiology, clinical manifestations, and natural course. There is a paucity of data on clinical profile of neurodegenerative diseases in our population. We conducted a retrospective study with 68 diagnosed cases of NDD at a tertiary care hospital in Bangladesh. Among them, more than one-third of children were in 1-5 years age group. The mean age was 10.2±3.1 year and male to female ratio was 2:1. Fifty percent of cases had a history of consanguineous parents. Leukodystrophy was most common (30.88%) among NDDs, followed by Wilson disease (26.47), SSPE (22.1%), and Degenerative Ataxia (20.59%). Motor skill regression was the most common presentation (97%), followed by speech regression in 91% and Gait disorder in 83% of children. Seizure was presenting features in 24% of children. Neuroimaging abnormalities were found in 80.88% NDD cases. Among them white matter hyper intensity in 29.41%, cerabeller atrophy in 13.25 %, and cerebral atropy in 11.76% of children. Eye changes were found in about two-thirds (69.12%) of cases of NDD. Among them, optic atrophy was found in 29.41%, and KF rings in 25.00% of cases.

scholarly journals Cerebello-Olivary and Lateral (Accessory) Cuneate Degeneration in a Juvenile American Miniature Horse

2000 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 271-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Fox ◽  
R. Duncan ◽  
P. Friday ◽  
B. Klein ◽  
W. Scarratt
Keyword(s):  
Neurodegenerative Disorder ◽  
Cell Loss ◽  
Intention Tremor ◽  
Progressive Ataxia ◽  
Purkinje Cell Loss ◽  
Liquefactive Necrosis ◽  
Cell Layers ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Brain

A 12-month-old American Miniature horse colt was presented to the Virginia Tech Veterinary Teaching Hospital with a 7-month history of progressive ataxia. Physical examination revealed a head intention tremor, base-wide stance, and ataxia. Necropsy findings were confined to the brain. There were bilateral areas of liquefactive necrosis and cavitation corresponding to the dorsal accessory olivary and lateral (accessory) cuneate nuclei. Cerebellar folia of the dorsal vermis were thin. Microscopically, the cerebellar cortex was characterized by patchy areas of Purkinje cell loss with associated variable thinning of the molecular and granule cell layers and astrogliosis. Dorsal accessory olivary and lateral cuneate nuclei were cavitated and had mild glial response around their periphery. Additionally, a focus of necrosis and neuropil vacuolization was found in the right putamen. These findings indicate the presence of a neurodegenerative disorder centered, but not confined to, the cerebellum and its connections in this American Miniature horse colt.

scholarly journals Metastasis from glioblastoma multiforme: a meta-analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 424-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelo Lemos Vieira da Cunha ◽  
Marcos Vinicius Calfat Maldaun
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Glioblastoma Multiforme ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Tumor Cell Invasion ◽  
Clinical Factors ◽  
Search Results ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Extracranial Metastases ◽  
The Brain

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: Extracranial metastases of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) are rare due to the short survival experienced by the patients. Therefore, the natural history of GBM metastases remains elusive. The identification of clinical factors promoting GBM metastases may help elucidate the mechanisms of tumor cell invasion in the brain. The aims of this study were to perform a meta-analysis evaluating the survival, characteristics, prognostic factors, and predictors of treatment outcome in patients with metastatic GBM and describe a case of metastatic extracranial GBM. METHODS: We report the case of a patient diagnosed with GBM metastatic to the lungs and the results of a meta-analysis of 114 other cases of metastatic GBM identified through a MEDLINE and BIREME search. RESULTS: The mean age of the patients was 38.2±16.1 years and 70.4% were male. The time elapsed between the identification of the metastasis and death was significantly increased in patients undergoing surgery (p=0.019), whereas the time from the diagnosis of the primary tumor to death was significantly increased in patients receiving radiation therapy (p=0.050). The time elapsed from metastasis to death and diagnosis to death was significantly longer in patients receiving chemotherapy (p<0.001 and p=0.027, respectively). The liver was the metastatic site associated with the shortest time elapsed from diagnosis to death (p=0.024). CONCLUSIONS: In GBM, surgical resection is important in reducing the risk of metastasis, and chemotherapy and radiation therapy help to prolong survival in metastatic GBM. Metastases to the liver are associated with shorter survival compared with metastases to other sites.

The natural history of symptomatic arteriovenous malformations of the brain: a 24-year follow-up assessment

1990 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 387-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen L. Ondra ◽  
Henry Troupp ◽  
Eugene D. George ◽  
Karen Schwab
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Arteriovenous Malformations ◽  
Original Population ◽  
Major Morbidity ◽  
Content Type ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Fine Print

✓ The authors have updated a series of 166 prospectively followed unoperated symptomatic patients with arteriovenous malformations (AVM's) of the brain. Follow-up data were obtained for 160 (96%) of the original population, with a mean follow-up period of 23.7 years. The rate of major rebleeding was 4.0% per year, and the mortality rate was 1.0% per year. At follow-up review, 23% of the series were dead from AVM hemorrhage. The combined rate of major morbidity and mortality was 2.7% per year. These annual rates remained essentially constant over the entire period of the study. There was no difference in the incidence of rebleeding or death regardless of presentation with or without evidence of hemorrhage. The mean interval between initial presentation and subsequent hemorrhage was 7.7 years.

scholarly journals Correlation of serum level and selective blood indices in children with feberile seizures in Chittoor district, India

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 1337
Author(s):  
Rajesh Kumar V. ◽  
Ande Penchalaiah
Keyword(s):  
Serum Ferritin ◽  
Iron Status ◽  
Ferritin Level ◽  
Febrile Seizures ◽  
Blood Indices ◽  
Pediatric Age Group ◽  
Iron Deficient ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Brain

Background: A seizure or convulsion is a paroxysmal, time-limited change in motor activity and/or behavior that result from abnormal electrical activity in the brain. Seizures are common in the pediatric age group and occur in approximately 10% of children. Most seizures in children are provoked by somatic disorders originating outside the brain, such as high fever, infection, syncope, head-trauma, hypoxia, toxins, or cardiac arrhythmias. To study the association between iron deficiency and the first febrile seizure.Methods: The present study is a retrospective study conducted at the teaching hospital, Chittoor district from August 2019 to December 2019. In this study to detect low iron status as a possible risk factor for first febrile seizures, 63 cases, and 63 age and sex-matched controls are studied and analyzed.Results: In this study family history of febrile seizures is seen only in 28.5% of cases. The mean serum ferritin level in this study is 14.5ng/ml. Thus the mean serum ferritin, HB, and MCV are found to be signed on the lower side among children with febrile seizures.Conclusions: Plasma ferritin level and blood indices are significantly lower in children with febrile seizures as compared to children without febrile seizures suggesting that iron-deficient children are more prone to febrile seizures.

scholarly journals Treatment compliance of Hypertensive Patients

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 110-114
Author(s):  
Kajal Kumar Karmoker ◽  
Bijoy Dutta ◽  
Md Ibrahim Khalil ◽  
Md Bazlur Rashid ◽  
Md Ashraful Alam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Treatment Compliance ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
Study Results ◽  
History Of ◽  
Public Health Challenge ◽  
The Mean

Background: Hypertension is an important public-health challenge worldwide. It is important because of its high frequency and its effect on cerebrovascular, cardiovascular and kidney disease.Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted to assess the treatment compliance of hypertensive patients and medical history of patients with hypertension in the outpatient department of Cardiology, National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases (NICVD), Dhaka. Considering inclusion and exclusion criteria, 350 hypertensive outdoor patients were included in this study. Data was analyzed by SPSS version 20.Results: The study revealed that the mean age of the respondents was 50.49 years (SD ± 8.449). Approximately 67.2% of the respondents were suffering from hypertension from <5 years and 15.6% respondents were hospitalized three times and 12.0% respondents were hospitalized more than three times. The mean duration of taking antihypertensive medicine was 4.91 years. The study also found that 48.8% respondents were taking antihypertensive medication irregularly. The mean systolic blood pressure was 129.96 mm of Hg (SD±23.60) and diastolic blood pressure was 86.08 mm of Hg (SD ±12.76).Conclusion: The study results revealed that about half of the patients do not take drugs regularly, which is an alarming sign. Therefore, the instructions and counseling should be given to the patient to fulfill the treatment for prevention of complications related to hypertension.Cardiovasc. j. 2016; 8(2): 110-114

The relationship between the olfactory bulb and precocious puberty: from the nose to the pituitary

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (9) ◽  
pp. 1013-1021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Murat Karaoglan ◽  
Hale Çolakoğlu Er
Keyword(s):  
Olfactory Bulb ◽  
Precocious Puberty ◽  
Body Surface ◽  
Pubertal Timing ◽  
Pubertal Development ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Right

Abstract Background/objective The olfactory bulb (OB) and pubertal development have a close relationship as they share a common ontogenetic origin. The aim of this study was to analyze the potential relationship between precocious puberty (PP) in girls as a sign of early pubertal timing and their OB volume as an indicator of its functional activity. Design In the study group (n = 125), OB volume, pituitary height (PH), body mass index (BMI) and body surface (S) variables were retrospectively investigated in 49 girls included in the PP group and 76 healthy girls constituting the control group. Volumetric and length measurements were performed on a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan by using manual segmentation of slices. Results The mean OB volume (73.41 ± 17.21 mm3) and PH (4.96 ± 1.01 mm) were significantly higher in the PP group (p = 0.001 and p = 0.001, respectively). The mean volume difference between the right and left bulbs (1.52 ± 1.87) was higher in the PP group (p = 0.03). The body surface (1.05 ± 0.16 m2) was larger in the PP group (p = 0.09). There was a high correlation between the OB volume and PH (r125 = 0.716). There was a moderate correlation between the body surface and OB volume (r125 = 654), and a weak correlation between the former (S) and the PH (r125 = 452). Conclusions This study showed that there is a strong correlation between increased OB volume and PH in cases with PP. It indicates that increased OB volume may be a strong clue that olfactory functions play a role in pubertal timing in humans, although it does not show definitive proof of a causal relationship.

scholarly journals Efficacy and safety of NOAC versus warfarin in AF patients with left atrial enlargement

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. e0243866
Author(s):  
Victor Chien-Chia Wu ◽  
Chun-Li Wang ◽  
Shu-Ting Gan ◽  
Michael Wu ◽  
Shao-Wei Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Major Bleeding ◽  
Left Atrial ◽  
Oral Anticoagulants ◽  
Research Database ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
Left Atrial Enlargement ◽  
Warfarin Group ◽  
Atrial Enlargement ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mean

Background Little is known about the effects of anticoagulation in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and left atrial enlargement (LAE). Methods Data of patients with AF were retrieved from Chang Gung Research Database during 2007–2016. We excluded patients who were not using oral anticoagulants, used anticoagulants for <30 days, used ≥2 agents concomitantly or switched anticoagulants, had left atrial diameter missing from their data, were aged <65, had received valve surgeries, had mitral stenosis, or had a history of cancer. The primary outcomes were ischemic stroke (IS)/systemic embolism (SE), major bleeding, and death from any cause. Results We identified 40,777 patients who received a diagnosis of AF. After the exclusion criteria were applied, 6,445 patients remained, 4,922 with LAE, and they were followed up for 2.4 ±1.9 years. The mean age of the patients was 77.32 ± 0.18 in the NOAC group and 76.58 ± 6.91 in the warfarin group (p < 0.0001); 48.24% of patients in the NOAC group and 46.98% of patients in the warfarin group were men (p > 0.05). The mean CHA2DS2-VASc score was 3.26 ± 1.05 in the NOAC group and 3.07 ± 1.12 in the warfarin group (p < 0.0001). The mean HAS-BLED score was 3.87 ± 3.81 in the NOAC group and 3.86 ± 3.80 in the warfarin group (p > 0.05). Furthermore, the mean LA diameter was 4.75 ± 0.63 cm in the warfarin group and 4.79 ± 0.69 cm in the warfarin group (p > 0.05). Among patients with LAE, NOAC was associated with significantly reduced IS/SE events (CRR = 0.63, 95% CI = 0.52–0.77), no difference in major bleeding (CRR = 0.91, 95% CI = 0.78–1.05), and significantly reduced death from any cause (aHR = 0.65, 95% CI = 0.52–0.80) compared with warfarin. Conclusions In elderly patients with AF and LAE, NOAC was associated with reduced IS/SE and death from any cause compared with warfarin, whereas no difference in major bleeding was observed between these treatments.

Comparison of Fluorine(18)-fluorodeoxyglucose and Gallium(68)-citrate PET/CT in patients with tuberculosis

2019 ◽  
Vol 58 (05) ◽  
pp. 371-378
Author(s):  
Alfred O. Ankrah ◽  
Ismaheel O. Lawal ◽  
Tebatso M.G. Boshomane ◽  
Hans C. Klein ◽  
Thomas Ebenhan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tracer Uptake ◽  
Pet Ct ◽  
The Mean ◽  
18F Fdg ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Gallium 68 ◽  
Attending Physician ◽  
Pet Scans ◽  
The Brain

Abstract 18F-FDG and 68Ga-citrate PET/CT have both been shown to be useful in the management of tuberculosis (TB). We compared the abnormal PET findings of 18F-FDG- and 68Ga-citrate-PET/CT in patients with TB. Methods Patients with TB on anti-TB therapy were included. Patients had a set of PET scans consisting of both 18F-FDG and 68Ga-citrate. Abnormal lesions were identified, and the two sets of scans were compared. The scan findings were correlated to the clinical data as provided by the attending physician. Results 46 PET/CT scans were performed in 18 patients, 11 (61 %) were female, and the mean age was 35.7 ± 13.5 years. Five patients also had both studies for follow-up reasons during the use of anti-TB therapy. Thirteen patients were co-infected with HIV. 18F-FDG detected more lesions than 68Ga-citrate (261 vs. 166, p < 0.0001). 68Ga-citrate showed a better definition of intracerebral lesions due to the absence of tracer uptake in the brain. The mean SUVmax was higher for 18F-FDG compared to 68Ga-citrate (5.73 vs. 3.01, p < 0.0001). We found a significant correlation between the SUVmax of lesions that were determined by both tracers (r = 0.4968, p < 0.0001). Conclusion Preliminary data shows 18F-FDG-PET detects more abnormal lesions in TB compared to 68Ga-citrate. However, 68Ga-citrate has better lesion definition in the brain and is therefore especially useful when intracranial TB is suspected.

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