scholarly journals How do eyespot resistance genes transferred into winter wheat breeding lines affect their yield?

2016 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 319-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michał Kwiatek ◽  
Halina Wiśniewska ◽  
Marek Korbas ◽  
Magdalena Gawłowska ◽  
Jolanta Belter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Aegilops Ventricosa ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Eyespot Resistance ◽  
Limited Effectiveness ◽  
Wheat Lines ◽  
Resistance Expression

Abstract Eyespot can reduce yields, even up to 50%. There are four genetically characterized resistances in wheat varieties, controlled by: (1) the Pch1 gene, transferred from Aegilops ventricosa; (2) the Pch2 gene, originating from wheat variety Capelle Desprez; (3) the Pch3 gene, originating from Dasypyrum villosum; and (4) the Q.Pch.jic-5A gene, a quantitative trait locus (QTL) located on chromosome 5A of Capelle Desprez. However, those loci have drawbacks, such as linkage of Pch1 with deleterious traits and limited effectiveness of Pch2 against the disease. Here we present an initial study which aims to characterize wheat pre-registration breeding lines carrying 12 eyespot resistance genes, consider their resistance expression in inoculation tests and the influence of resistance genotypes on the yield. We selected four groups of breeding lines, carrying: (1) the Pch1 gene alone: one line; (2) the Pch2 gene alone: four lines; (3) the Q.Pch.jic-5A gene alone: one line; and (4) Pch1 + Q.Pch.jic-5A: three lines. For the first time, the effect of the combination of Pch1 and Q.Pch.jic-5A genes was compared with resistance conferred by Pch1 or Q.Pch.jic-5A alone. We found significant differences between infection scores evaluated in resistant lines carrying Pch1 and Q.Pch.jic-5A alone, while no differences in terms of the level of resistance expression were detected between Pch1 alone and Pch1 + Q.Pch.jic-5A, and between wheat lines carrying Pch1 and Pch2 alone. Moreover, we demonstrated that the Pch1 gene, together with an Ae. ventricosa segment, caused statistically significant yield losses, both as a single eyespot resistance source or in a combination with Q.Pch.jic-5A. Yield scores showed that wheat lines with Q.Pch.jic-5A had the highest yields, similar to the yielding potential of Pch2-bearing lines and control varieties.

Diagnostic DNA markers for cereal cyst nematode resistance in bread wheat

2001 ◽  
Vol 52 (12) ◽  
pp. 1367 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. C. Ogbonnaya ◽  
N. C. Subrahmanyam ◽  
O. Moullet ◽  
J. de Majnik ◽  
H. A. Eagles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nematode Resistance ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
Cereal Cyst Nematode ◽  
Aegilops Ventricosa ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Marker Selection ◽  
Efficiency Of Selection ◽  
Wheat Lines

The development of cultivars resistant to cereal cyst nematode (CCN) is a primary objective in wheat breeding in the southern wheatbelt of Australia. Nine CCN resistance genes have been identified in wheat and its relatives, some of which confer resistance to the Australian pathotype of CCN (Ha13). Cultivars released in Australia with CCN resistance carry either the Cre1 or CreF gene, with the Cre3 gene present in advanced breeding lines. The biological assay for CCN resistance screening in wheat is time-consuming, not reliable on a single-plant basis, and prone to inconsistencies, thus reducing the efficiency of selection amongst breeding lines. Using gene sequences initially isolated from the Cre3 locus, a DNA-based marker selection system was developed and applied to unambiguously identify wheat lines carrying resistance alleles at theCre1 and/or Cre3 loci in breeding populations derived from diverse genetic backgrounds. Homologues of sequences from the Cre3 locus, located elsewhere in the wheat genome, can also be used to select wheat lines with a newly identified CCN resistance gene (Cre6) introgressed from Aegilops ventricosa. Application of these markers has become an integral part of the southern Australian breeding programs.

scholarly journals Identification of PCH1 Eyespot Resistance Gene in the Collection of Wheat Lines (Triticum Aestivum L.)

2012 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 254-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michał Kwiatek ◽  
Katarzyna Pankiewicz ◽  
Halina Wiśniewska ◽  
Marek Korbas ◽  
Jakub Danielewicz
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Resistance Gene ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Sts Marker ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Eyespot Resistance ◽  
Resistant Lines ◽  
Wheat Lines

Identification of PCH1 Eyespot Resistance Gene in the Collection of Wheat Lines (Triticum AestivumL.)Endopeptidase markerEpD1band STS markerXustSSR2001-7DLare closely linked to very effective eyespot resistance genePch1. Because of this, the aim of this study was to compare the results obtained under lab conditions using such markers with the results obtained under field conditions. 134 wheat breeding lines andTriticum aestivumL. var. Randevous used as a eyespot resistance control were analized. The combination of three methods allowed to select eight completely resistant or high resistant lines, that could be used in following breeding processes. Results obtained using endopeptidase and STS markers in 100% correlate with the phenotyping scoring.

scholarly journals Using markers and field evaluation to identify the source of eyespot resistance genePch1in the collection of wheat breeding lines

2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 638-648 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Kwiatek ◽  
H. Wiśniewska ◽  
Z. Kaczmarek ◽  
M. Korbas ◽  
M. Gawłowska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Evaluation ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Eyespot Resistance

Genetics of late maturity α-amylase in a doubled haploid wheat population

2010 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 153 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. K. Tan ◽  
A. P. Verbyla ◽  
B. R. Cullis ◽  
P. Martin ◽  
A. W. Milgate ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Doubled Haploid ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Wheat Population ◽  
B1 Gene ◽  
Late Maturity ◽  
First Time

Late maturity α-amylase (LMA) in wheat is a defect where high-isoelectric point (pI) α-amylase accumulates in the ripening grain. Wheat genotypes vary in expression from zero to high levels of α-amylase, the latter with detrimental consequences on their use for value-added end products. Expression in each genotype is characterised by varying numbers of grains affected and different levels in each grain. Analysis of a doubled haploid (DH) population (188 lines) from WW1842 × Whistler has identified significant QTL on chromosomes 2DL, 3A, 3B, 3D, 4B, 4D, 5DS and 5BL. The 4B LMA allele (P < 0.0001) from Whistler is closely linked to the QTL for the ‘tall’ allele (P < 0.0001) of the Rht-B1 gene. The 4D LMA QTL (P < 0.0001) in WW1842 co-locates with the QTL for the ‘tall’ allele (P < 0.0001) of the Rht-D1 gene. This study has shown for the first time that a DH cross between two semi-dwarf cultivars with low or no LMA produces ~25% of progeny lines of the ‘tall’ genotypes with a high frequency of LMA. This is attributed to the large additive positive effects from the combination of one recessive ‘tall’ Rht-B1 gene and one recessive ‘tall’ Rht-D1 gene. High-yielding semi-dwarf genotypes with different combinations of Rht-B1 and Rht-D1 alleles which have very low or non-existent LMA expression (e.g. WW1842 and Whistler) may meet industry criteria for registration as commercial wheat varieties. However, when they are used as breeding lines, the cross produces some progeny genotypes with severe levels of LMA. These LMA genotypes comprise the gibberellic acid-sensitive ‘tall’ progenies and a very small proportion of semi-dwarfs. Thus, it is of paramount importance to screen the defect in wheat breeding programs. The suite of QTL identified for LMA will enable the use of marker assisted selection in the pyramiding of the beneficial QTL to maximise yield and minimise (or eliminate) LMA in semi-dwarf genotypes.

scholarly journals Features of the formation of productivity signs of the yielding capacity in winter wheat varieties under different growing conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 29-34
Author(s):  
V. V. Bazalii ◽  
I. V. Boichuk ◽  
Ya. O. Lavrynenko ◽  
H. H. Bazalii ◽  
Ye. O. Domaratskyi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
High Plasticity ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Comparison Research ◽  
Yield Structure ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Winter Wheat Varieties

Aim. Further improvement and application of modern methods of wheat breeding of different types of development for adaptiveness caused by change in the character of manifestation of limiting environmental factors under conditions of the Southern Ukrainian Steppe. Methods. Field experiment, selection and genetic, calculation and comparison research methods were used. Wheat varieties of different genetic and ecological origin under different growing conditions were examined. Results. Analysis of the parameters of plasticity and stability of the elements of the yield structure in winter wheat varieties under different growing conditions revealed that their variability depends on both genotype and ecological gradients. For instance, by the weight of grain from ears only the varieties Kirena and Yaroslavna were distinguished by a high reaction to changes in growing conditions (bi= 1,215 – 1,635) among the analyzed genotypes, the other varieties Askaniiska, Askaniiska Berehynia, Znakhidka odeska and Klarisa manifested quite high plasticity (bi= 0,454 – 0,816). There was an analogous situation in the formation of the number of grains per ear. It is necessary to highlight an important biological feature of these varieties which formed the highest actual productivity under late sowing conditions and different sowing rates when compared to other varieties and realized its potentialities better. Conclusions.The research determined that every wheat variety of different development types should be considered in the aspect of its reaction to different growing conditions and to the capability of realizing genetic potential in a particular ecological region. The results of estimation of adaptiveness potential determined a high degree of homeostaticity in the winter wheat varieties Askaniiska, Askaniiska Berehynia, Perlyna and the variety of an alternative type Klarisa. Keywords: winter wheat, varieties of alternative types, adaptiveness, plasticity, stability.

scholarly journals Mapping and Characterization of a Wheat Stem Rust Resistance Gene in Durum Wheat “Kronos”

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongna Li ◽  
Lei Hua ◽  
Matthew N. Rouse ◽  
Tianya Li ◽  
Shuyong Pang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Stem Rust ◽  
Rust Resistance ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Stem Rust Resistance ◽  
Wheat Stem Rust ◽  
Seedling Resistance ◽  
Or Gene

Wheat stem (or black) rust is one of the most devastating fungal diseases, threatening global wheat production. Identification, mapping, and deployment of effective resistance genes are critical to addressing this challenge. In this study, we mapped and characterized one stem rust resistance (Sr) gene from the tetraploid durum wheat variety Kronos (temporary designation SrKN). This gene was mapped on the long arm of chromosome 2B and confers resistance to multiple virulent Pgt races, such as TRTTF and BCCBC. Using a large mapping population (3,366 gametes), we mapped SrKN within a 0.29 cM region flanked by the sequenced-based markers pku4856F2R2 and pku4917F3R3, which corresponds to 5.6- and 7.2-Mb regions in the Svevo and Chinese Spring reference genomes, respectively. Both regions include a cluster of nucleotide binding leucine-repeat (NLR) genes that likely includes the candidate gene. An allelism test failed to detect recombination between SrKN and the previously mapped Sr9e gene. This result, together with the similar seedling resistance responses and resistance profiles, suggested that SrKN and Sr9e may represent the same gene. We introgressed SrKN into common wheat and developed completely linked markers to accelerate its deployment in the wheat breeding programs. SrKN can be a valuable component of transgenic cassettes or gene pyramids that includes multiple resistance genes to control this devastating disease.

scholarly journals Development of multiplex PCR to detect slow rust resistance genes Lr34 and Lr46 in wheat

2019 ◽  
Vol 60 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 301-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roksana Skowrońska ◽  
Michał Kwiatek ◽  
Agnieszka Tomkowiak ◽  
Jerzy Nawracała
Keyword(s):  
Multiplex Pcr ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Rust Resistance ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Puccinia Triticina ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Large Yield ◽  
Pcr Method ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Rust Resistance Genes

Abstract Leaf rust caused by Puccinia triticina belongs to one of the most dangerous fungal diseases of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and is the cause of large yield losses every year. Here we report a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay, which was developed for detection of two important wheat slow rust resistance genes Lr34 and Lr46, using two molecular markers: csLV34 and Xwmc44, respectively. The presence of genes was analyzed in one winter wheat variety TX89D6435 and five spring wheat varieties: Pavon F76, Parula ‘S’, Rayon 89, Kern, Mochis 88. Both Lr34 and Lr46 genes were identified in variety TX89D6435, gene Lr34 was also identified in Parula ‘S’ and Kern varieties, and gene L46 occurs in Pavon F76 and Mochis 88 variety. None of the resistance genes tested was detected in the Rayon 89 variety. The use of the multiplex PCR method allowed to shorten the analysis time, reduce costs of analyses, and reduce the workload.

Incorporation of leaf rust resistance genes into winter wheat genotypes using marker-assisted selection

2007 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Gál ◽  
G. Vida ◽  
A. Uhrin ◽  
Z. Bedő ◽  
O. Veisz
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Marker Assisted Selection ◽  
Rust Resistance ◽  
Leaf Rust Resistance ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Rust Resistance Genes ◽  
Leaf Rust Resistance Genes

The breeding and cultivation of resistant wheat varieties is an effective way of controlling leaf rust ( Puccinia triticina Eriks.). The use of molecular markers facilitates the incorporation of the major leaf rust resistance genes ( Lr genes) responsible for resistance into new varieties and the pyramiding of these genes. Marker-assisted selection was used to incorporate the Lr genes currently effective in Hungary ( Lr9 , Lr24 , Lr25 , Lr29 ) into winter wheat varieties. The Lr genes were identified using STS, SCAR and RAPD markers closely linked to them. Investigations were made on how these markers could be utilised in plant breeding, and near-isogenic lines resembling the recurrent variety but each containing a different Lr gene were developed to form the initial stock for the pyramiding of resistance genes. The results indicate that the marker-assisted selection technique elaborated for resistance genes Lr24 , Lr25 and Lr29 can be applied simply and effectively in wheat breeding, while the detection of the Lr9 marker is uncertain.

scholarly journals USING MIXOGRAPH PARAMETERS AND SOME QUALITY PROPERTIES IN SELECTION OF DURUM WHEAT GENOTYPES

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-70
Author(s):  
Seydi Aydogan ◽  
Aysun Gocmen Akcacik
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Block Design ◽  
B Value ◽  
Peak Height ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Protein Ratio ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Quality Properties ◽  
Wheat Lines

This research was carried out in order to determine some chemical, physical and rheological (mixograph) traits of 4 standard durum wheat varieties and 11 durum wheat lines in 2015-2016 under irrigated conditions in Gözlü and Central location of Konya according to randomized block design with three replications. Means of quality parameters varied for thousand kernel weight (30.26-38.45 g), protein ratio (12.94-14.77%), SDS sedimentation (13.75-29.75 ml), color (b value) (20.45-23.35), mixograph development time (1.55-3.79 min), peak height (46.47-81.38%), softening (slope) (6.46-28.85 min/%), peak width (2.19-15.13%), peak area (54-165 Nm) and total area (energy) (236-407 Nm). Significant differences were found between wheat varieties in terms of examined features. Durum wheat lines having weak, strong and very strong gluten were identified in this research. Keywords: Wheat breeding, landraces, genetic structure, semolina, dough traits, gluten index, mixograph parameters.

scholarly journals Identification of spring wheat lines by the allelic state of Vrn genes for use in winter wheat breeding for carotenoid content

2020 ◽  
pp. 88-95
Author(s):  
O. Leonov ◽  
Ya. Sharypina ◽  
Z. Usova ◽  
K. Suvorova ◽  
T. Sakhno
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Dominant Gene ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Heterozygous State ◽  
Dominant Allele ◽  
Vrn Genes ◽  
Wheat Lines

The aim of the research is allelic identifi cation of the genes Vrn A1, Vrn B1, Vrn B3, and Vrn D1 in 18 spring wheat samples and 3 lines obtained from winter-spring cross combinations with high carotenoid grain content for winter wheat breeding program. The content of carotenoid pigments in the grain ranged from 0.20 to 8.3 mg/100 g in the analyzed 143 samples of soft wheat. Samples of spring wheat were identifi ed for high content of carotenoids (more than 4.5 mg/100 g of flour): Volgouralskaya, Kinelskaya 61, Lutescens 540, Lutescens 598, Lutescens 575, Lutescens 516, Kinelskaya 2010, Omskaya 41. According to the studies, the presence of the Vrn-A1 allele established in 4 spring wheat samples (Sibiryachka 4, Frontana, Izolda, Dynastiya). The heterozygous state of the Vrn-A1 gene was determined for the Saratovskaya Zolotistaya variety. The presence of the allele Vrn-B1 was identifi ed in the samples Fora, Leningradka, Izolda, Saratovskaya Zolotistaya, Omskiy Tsirkon, Omskaya 41, Lutescens 540. For the samples Lutescens 516, L224-5 the heterozygous state of the locus Vrn-B1was determined. Analysis of the Vrn-B3 gene confi rmed the presence of the Vrn-B3 allele in all tested samples. Only variety Dynastiya carried a dominant allele. The Vrn-D1 gene was identifi ed in a recessive state in samples Fora, Sibiryachka 4, Novosibirskaya 22, Frontana, Leningradka, Kinelskaya 2010, Kinelskaya 61, Volgouralskaya, Omskaya 41, Lutescens 516, Lutescens 540, Lutescens 598, L224–5. In the variety Omskiy Tsircon gene Vrn-D1 was in a heterozygous state. The use of spring carriers of the trait – Samples Omskaya 41 and Lutescens 540, with one dominant gene Vrn-A1, and Lutescens 516, with the dominant allele of the gene Vrn-A1 and polymorphic in the Vrn B1 gene – were the most promising for the winter wheat breeding in the direction of increasing the carotenoids content in flour. Key words: bread wheat, variety, line, vernalization, carotenoids, genes Vrn A1, Vrn B1, Vrn B3, Vrn D1.

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