Epizootic and epidemiological situation of Trichinella sp. infection in Poland in 2006–2015 in view of wild boar population dynamics

AbstractIntroduction: The objective was to evaluate the epizootic and epidemiological situation of Trichinella sp. infection in Poland between 2006 and 2015 against the dynamics of the wild boar population and its primary reservoir host.Material and Methods: Boar and porcine trichinosis epizootic analysis was based on General Veterinary Inspectorate data from RRW-6 bulletins. The epidemiological situation was evaluated on the basis of the data supplied by the Department of Epidemiology of the National Institute of Hygiene - National Institute of Public Health. The wild boar hunting harvest and population dynamics were estimated, as these animals remain the basic infection source for humans. Population size and harvest data were obtained from hunting statistics.Results: The study timeframe showed an almost 2.5-fold increase in Trichinella infection cases in wild boars but a significant decline in human cases. In the domestic pig, the incidence rate did not exceed 0.00037%. The highest infection risk exists in West Pomerania, Greater Poland, and Kuyavian-Pomeranian Provinces. Over the study period, the wild boar population increased more than 1.5-fold, while the hunting harvest more than tripled. During the last two seasons the total hunt surpassed 100% of the spring population.Conclusion: Wild boar management by increasing the hunting take of the annual population growth should limit that growth and decrease the take in the future. Thereby, over some years intra-species trichinosis spread should reduce, for a substantial safety gain for wild boar meat.

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Trichinosis in Lublin Province in 2003-2010 on a Background of Wild Boar`S Population Dynamics

Bulletin of the Veterinary Institute in Pulawy ◽

10.2478/v10213-012-0008-2 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 56 (1) ◽

pp. 43-46

Author(s):

Marian Flis

Keyword(s):

Wild Boar ◽

Fold Increase ◽

Wild Boar Population ◽

Wild Boars ◽

Hospitalised Patients ◽

Species Population ◽

Wild Boar Meat ◽

Population Interaction ◽

Domestic Swine ◽

Epidemiological Situation

Abstract The research aimed at evaluating the epizootic and epidemiological situation of trichinosis during the last 8 years in Lublin province on a background of progressing increase in wild boar population within the region and in the whole country. Data for the study were taken from the report on the results of the official examination of slaughter animals and meat, poultry, game, lagomorphs and aquaculture animals and six reports on the number of trichinosis cases found at wild boars and domestic swine. In order to evaluate the trichinosis epidemiological situation within the region, reports of the National Institute of Public Health-National Institute of Hygiene on the number of identified trichinosis cases in people, as well as the number of hospitalised patients were presented. In addition, information on the population and hunting achievement of wild boars in hunting circuits of Lublin province during the last 8 years was enclosed. The number of identified trichinosis cases in meat of wild boars from Lublin region increased 9 times, while the percentage of trichinosis occurrence in reference to the number of examined carcasses almost 3-fold. At the same period, the number of porcine carcasses, in which trichinosis was found, decreased by over 4 times. Over double increase in wild boar population on the studied area was observed during the evaluation. Dynamic increase in the population size - in an aspect of the species population interaction with the living habitat, and in the form of the increase in the number of damages of crops and cultivation fields - contributed to intensified hunting pressure towards the species expressed as almost 3-fold increase of wild boar hunting. Analysis of epizootic and epidemiological situation of Poland indicates that wild boar meat was the principal source of trichinosis during the studied period. Considering Lublin province, the number of identified trichinosis cases is still high as compared to eastern and central provinces. Meanwhile, when compared to western and northern Poland, the level of trichinosis invasion can be considered as low. Furthermore, the trichinosis morbidity among people, that does not exceed 0.18/100 thousand inhabitants, can be regarded as low. Nevertheless, the fact of underestimating the necessity of both wild boar’s and swine’s meat examination seems to be alarming

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Mast seeding in deciduous forests of the northern Apennines (Italy) and its influence on wild boar population dynamics

Annals of Forest Science ◽

10.1007/s13595-013-0282-z ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 70 (5) ◽

pp. 493-502 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Andrea Cutini ◽

Francesco Chianucci ◽

Roberta Chirichella ◽

Emanuela Donaggio ◽

Luca Mattioli ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Population Dynamics ◽

Wild Boar ◽

Northern Apennines ◽

Deciduous Forests ◽

Mast Seeding ◽

Wild Boar Population

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Wild boar (Sus scrofa) – reservoir host of Toxoplasma gondii, Neospora caninum and Anaplasma phagocytophilum in Slovakia

Acta Parasitologica ◽

10.1515/ap-2016-0035 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 61 (2) ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Katarína Reiterová ◽

Silvia Špilovská ◽

Lucia Blaňarová ◽

Markéta Derdáková ◽

Andrea Čobádiová ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Toxoplasma Gondii ◽

Wild Boar ◽

Central Europe ◽

Anaplasma Phagocytophilum ◽

Sus Scrofa ◽

Molecular Detection ◽

Neospora Caninum ◽

Reservoir Host ◽

Wild Boar Population ◽

Foodborne Infections

AbstractIn Central Europe the wild boar population is permanently growing and consequently Cf foodborne infections. In this study serological and molecular detection of

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Analysis of hunting management and reliability of variable sizes in calculations of wild boar population dynamics

Glasnik Sumarskog fakulteta ◽

10.2298/gsf2124009i ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 9-24

Author(s):

Marko Ivanovic ◽

Vukan Lavadinovic

Keyword(s):

Population Dynamics ◽

Population Growth ◽

Wild Boar ◽

Analysis Data ◽

Wild Boar Population ◽

Professional Literature ◽

Hunting Management ◽

The Impact ◽

Hunting Ground

The analysis performed in this study focused on the hunting management of wild boar in the hunting ground "Dulenska reka", as well as on the impact of knowledge of the species and its monitoring in the field, which can lead to an incredible difference in hunting management The aim of this study was to analyze wild boar management and determine the differences between the variables used to calculate population dynamics. For the purposes of the analysis, data from planning documents and professional literature were used, and the calculations of population dynamics were performed in Excel. The results indicate that the number of wild boar in the hunting ground is increasing, and the consequence of different sizes in the calculations of population dynamics as well as the mismatch of planned and realized shooting can be the reasons that directly affect population growth.

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Estimation of the Lethality Rate, Recovery Rate, and Case Fatality Ratio of Classical Swine Fever in Japanese Wild Boar: An Analysis of the Epidemics From September 2018 to March 2019

Frontiers in Veterinary Science ◽

10.3389/fvets.2021.772995 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

Author(s):

Ryota Matsuyama ◽

Takehisa Yamamoto ◽

Yoko Hayama ◽

Ryosuke Omori

Keyword(s):

Population Dynamics ◽

Wild Boar ◽

Recovery Rate ◽

Case Fatality ◽

Classical Swine Fever ◽

Accurate Estimation ◽

Detailed Data ◽

Wild Boar Population ◽

Case Fatality Ratio ◽

In The Wild

Understanding the morbidity and lethality of diseases is necessary to evaluate the effectiveness of countermeasure against the epidemics (e.g., vaccination). To estimate them, detailed data on host population dynamics are required; however, estimating the population size for wildlife is often difficult. We aimed to elucidate the morbidity and lethality of classical swine fever (CSF) currently highly prevalent in the wild boar population in Japan. To this end, we estimated lethality rate, recovery rate, and case fatality ratio (CFR) of CSF without detailed data on the population estimates of wild boar. A mathematical model was constructed to describe the CSF dynamics and population dynamics of wild boar. We fitted the model to the (i) results of the reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test for the CSFV gene and the (ii) results of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test for the antibody against CSFV in sampled wild boar. In the 280 wild boar sampled from September 2018 to March 2019 in the major CSF-affected area in Japan, the lethality rate and recovery rate of CSF per week were estimated as 0.165 (95% confidence interval: 0.081–0.250) and 0.004 (0–0.009), respectively. While the estimate of lethality rate of CSF was similar with the estimates in previous studies, the recovery rate was lower than those reported previously. CFR was estimated as 0.959 (0.904–0.981) using our estimate of recovery rate. This study is the first to estimate lethality rate of CSF from the dynamics of CSF epidemics in the wild boar population. Since the value of CFR is sensitive to the value of recovery rate, the accuracy in the estimate of recovery rate is a key for the accurate estimation of CFR. A long-term transmission experiment of moderately virulent strains may lead to more accurate estimation of the recovery rate and CFR of CSF.

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First report of HEV-3 subtypes e and f in the wild boar population in Abruzzo region, Italy

European Journal of Public Health ◽

10.1093/eurpub/ckaa166.223 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽

Author(s):

S Scattolini ◽

D D'Angelantonio ◽

V Di Lollo ◽

S Olivieri ◽

M Marcacci ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Wild Boar ◽

Potential Risk ◽

Hot Spot ◽

Wild Boar Population ◽

Subtype C ◽

Wild Boars ◽

First Report ◽

Abruzzo Region ◽

In The Wild ◽

Wild Boar Meat

Abstract Background Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a zoonotic pathogen and wild boars are recognised as reservoirs. HEV is the most common cause of acute viral hepatitis worldwide and it is usually transmitted by faecal-oral route. EU reported more than 21.000 human cases over the last 10 years (1). At the present, HEV comprises 8 genotypes and several subtypes. HEV genotypes 3 and 4 (HEV-3 and HEV-4) are zoonotic. This is the first report of HEV-3 subtype e and f in the wild boar population in Abruzzo region. Methods During the hunting season 2018-2019, liver samples from wild boars were analysed using Real Time RT-PCR for the detection of HEV RNA. Among these, positive sample were subjected to Whole Genome Sequencing for genotyping. After the quality check, reads were mapped using the nearest identified ref. sequence (KU176129) and the resulting HEV RNA sequences have been analysed using HEV net (open source software). Results Overall, 40 samples were tested positive for the detection of HEV RNA. Among these, 19 samples, with a Ct value ≤ 38, were selected for phylogenetic analysis. All RNA viral samples belonged to HEV-3. In particular, 2 RNA viral samples belonged to subtype e and 1 to subtype f. The others, instead, belonged to HEV-3 subtype c. Conclusions Up to now, only HEV-3 subtype c has been reported among wild boars in Abruzzo, an Italian region officially recognized as an HEV hot spot because of the high number of human cases and for the strong sero-prevalence among blood donors. In this study, we report for the first time the presence of HEV-3 subtypes e and f in the wild boar population of this area. Since HEV-3 subtypes e and f are commonly associated to human disease from consumption of raw/undercooked pork meats, these findings suggest the potential risk also associated with the consumption of wild boar meat. Nevertheless, this speculation needs further investigations. 1.EFSA (2017). Public health risks associated with HEV as a food-borne pathogen. E. Jou., 15(7) Key messages First report of the presence of HEV-3 subtypes e and f among wild boar population in Abruzzo region. Potential risk for human health of HEV transmission associated with raw/undercooked wild boar meat consumption.

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Zero-inflated-censored Weibull and gamma regression models to estimate wild boar population dispersal distance

Japanese Journal of Statistics and Data Science ◽

10.1007/s42081-021-00124-0 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Eduardo de Freitas Costa ◽

Silvana Schneider ◽

Giulia Bagatini Carlotto ◽

Tainá Cabalheiro ◽

Mauro Ribeiro de Oliveira Júnior

Keyword(s):

Wild Boar ◽

Regression Models ◽

Likelihood Function ◽

Complex Structure ◽

Dispersal Distance ◽

Wild Boar Population ◽

Gamma Distributions ◽

Excess Of Zeros ◽

Censored Observations ◽

Positive Effect

AbstractThe dynamics of the wild boar population has become a pressing issue not only for ecological purposes, but also for agricultural and livestock production. The data related to the wild boar dispersal distance can have a complex structure, including excess of zeros and right-censored observations, thus being challenging for modeling. In this sense, we propose two different zero-inflated-right-censored regression models, assuming Weibull and gamma distributions. First, we present the construction of the likelihood function, and then, we apply both models to simulated datasets, demonstrating that both regression models behave well. The simulation results point to the consistency and asymptotic unbiasedness of the developed methods. Afterwards, we adjusted both models to a simulated dataset of wild boar dispersal, including excess of zeros, right-censored observations, and two covariates: age and sex. We showed that the models were useful to extract inferences about the wild boar dispersal, correctly describing the data mimicking a situation where males disperse more than females, and age has a positive effect on the dispersal of the wild boars. These results are useful to overcome some limitations regarding inferences in zero-inflated-right-censored datasets, especially concerning the wild boar’s population. Users will be provided with an R function to run the proposed models.

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Prevalence and Antimicrobial Resistances of Salmonella spp. Isolated from Wild Boars in Liguria Region, Italy

Pathogens ◽

10.3390/pathogens10050568 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (5) ◽

pp. 568

Author(s):

Elisabetta Razzuoli ◽

Valeria Listorti ◽

Isabella Martini ◽

Laura Migone ◽

Lucia Decastelli ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Wild Boar ◽

Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽

Potential Risk ◽

Salmonella Enterica ◽

Intestinal Tract ◽

Wild Boar Population ◽

Salmonella Spp ◽

Wild Boars ◽

In The Wild

Salmonella spp. is an important zoonotic agent. Wild boars might host this pathogen in the intestinal tract and might represent a risk for Salmonella spp. transmission to humans. Wild boars are widely spread in Liguria, due to the environmental characteristics of the region. The aim of the study was the isolation, typing, and investigation of antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolated strains of Salmonella spp. During the 2013–2017 hunting seasons, 4335 livers of wild boars were collected and analyzed for the presence of Salmonella spp. A total of 260 strains of Salmonella spp. were isolated and characterized, with a prevalence of 6%. The isolated strains belonged to all six Salmonella enterica subspecies. Most of them were identified as Salmonella enterica subs. enterica of which 31 different serotypes were identified. The dominating serotype identified was S. Enteritidis. The antimicrobial resistance profiles of the isolated strains were analyzed against sixteen molecules. Of the isolated strains, 94.6% were resistant to at least one of the tested antimicrobials. This study showed the circulation of resistant Salmonella spp. strains in the wild boar population living in this area of Italy, underling the potential risk for these animals to disseminate this pathogen and its antimicrobial resistances.

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