scholarly journals Zero-inflated-censored Weibull and gamma regression models to estimate wild boar population dispersal distance

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo de Freitas Costa ◽  
Silvana Schneider ◽  
Giulia Bagatini Carlotto ◽  
Tainá Cabalheiro ◽  
Mauro Ribeiro de Oliveira Júnior
Keyword(s):  
Wild Boar ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Likelihood Function ◽  
Complex Structure ◽  
Dispersal Distance ◽  
Wild Boar Population ◽  
Gamma Distributions ◽  
Excess Of Zeros ◽  
Censored Observations ◽  
Positive Effect

AbstractThe dynamics of the wild boar population has become a pressing issue not only for ecological purposes, but also for agricultural and livestock production. The data related to the wild boar dispersal distance can have a complex structure, including excess of zeros and right-censored observations, thus being challenging for modeling. In this sense, we propose two different zero-inflated-right-censored regression models, assuming Weibull and gamma distributions. First, we present the construction of the likelihood function, and then, we apply both models to simulated datasets, demonstrating that both regression models behave well. The simulation results point to the consistency and asymptotic unbiasedness of the developed methods. Afterwards, we adjusted both models to a simulated dataset of wild boar dispersal, including excess of zeros, right-censored observations, and two covariates: age and sex. We showed that the models were useful to extract inferences about the wild boar dispersal, correctly describing the data mimicking a situation where males disperse more than females, and age has a positive effect on the dispersal of the wild boars. These results are useful to overcome some limitations regarding inferences in zero-inflated-right-censored datasets, especially concerning the wild boar’s population. Users will be provided with an R function to run the proposed models.

scholarly journals Population Genetic Structure of Wild Boar And Dispersal Performance Based On Kinship Analysis In The Northern Region of South Korea

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seung Woo Han ◽  
Han Chan Park ◽  
Jee Hyun Kim ◽  
Jae Hwa Suh ◽  
Hang Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Wild Boar ◽  
Population Genetic ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Distance Estimation ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Dispersal Distance ◽  
Wild Boar Population ◽  
Kinship Analysis ◽  
Wild Boars

Abstract Wild boar (Sus scrofa) is one of the most challenging mammalian species to manage in the wild because of its high reproductive rate, population density, and lack of predators in much of its range. A recent outbreak of African swine fever (ASF) and the transmission into domestic pigs in commercial farms empower the necessity of establishing management strategies of the wild boar population in the northern region of South Korea. A population genetic study, including the dispersal distance estimation of wild boars, is required to prepare fine-scale population management strategies in the region. In this study, both population structure analysis and dispersal distance estimation based on kinship were conducted using 13 microsatellite markers. The results revealed a high level of genetic diversity compared to a previous study. The population was not structured obviously, but there was a slight level of genetic differentiation between groups mainly formed by isolation by distance rather than mountain ridges. The dispersal distance estimation of Korean wild boars based on kinship analysis showed a philopatric pattern in females. However, extensive dispersal ability in both sexes was observed with a considerable proportion. The population genetic status and dispersal traits of wild boars may provide valuable data for planning detailed ASF and wild boar population management strategies in South Korea.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Antimicrobial Resistances of Salmonella spp. Isolated from Wild Boars in Liguria Region, Italy

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 568
Author(s):  
Elisabetta Razzuoli ◽  
Valeria Listorti ◽  
Isabella Martini ◽  
Laura Migone ◽  
Lucia Decastelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Wild Boar ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
Wild Boar Population ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Wild Boars ◽  
In The Wild

Salmonella spp. is an important zoonotic agent. Wild boars might host this pathogen in the intestinal tract and might represent a risk for Salmonella spp. transmission to humans. Wild boars are widely spread in Liguria, due to the environmental characteristics of the region. The aim of the study was the isolation, typing, and investigation of antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolated strains of Salmonella spp. During the 2013–2017 hunting seasons, 4335 livers of wild boars were collected and analyzed for the presence of Salmonella spp. A total of 260 strains of Salmonella spp. were isolated and characterized, with a prevalence of 6%. The isolated strains belonged to all six Salmonella enterica subspecies. Most of them were identified as Salmonella enterica subs. enterica of which 31 different serotypes were identified. The dominating serotype identified was S. Enteritidis. The antimicrobial resistance profiles of the isolated strains were analyzed against sixteen molecules. Of the isolated strains, 94.6% were resistant to at least one of the tested antimicrobials. This study showed the circulation of resistant Salmonella spp. strains in the wild boar population living in this area of Italy, underling the potential risk for these animals to disseminate this pathogen and its antimicrobial resistances.

Dispersal of Goeppertia marantifolia clonal offspring increases with greater canopy openness and larger plant size

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
David P. Matlaga ◽  
Rachel K. Snyder ◽  
Carol C. Horvitz
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Light Availability ◽  
Plant Size ◽  
Dispersal Distance ◽  
Permanent Plots ◽  
Canopy Openness ◽  
Parent Plant ◽  
Analysis Model ◽  
Corcovado National Park ◽  
Positive Effect

Abstract:Many plants within the neotropical understorey produce both seeds and clonal offspring. Plant attributes (i.e. size) and variability in light can influence seed dispersal but it is not known if these factors influence the dispersal of clonal offspring. Our goal was to determine if canopy openness and plant size influence clonal-offspring dispersal of the herb Goeppertia marantifolia, which produces clonal bulbils on above-ground shoots. We monitored plants in permanent plots with varying levels of canopy openness in Corcovado National Park, Costa Rica. We recorded canopy openness, leaf area and the distance clonal offspring travelled from their parent plant (N = 283). Our path analysis model demonstrated that canopy openness had a strong positive effect on dispersal distance, while the association between clonal-offspring dispersal distance and parent plant leaf area was only weakly positive. On average, plants experiencing high canopy openness dispersed their clonal offspring further than plants under low canopy openness (124 cm vs. 79 cm, respectively). Contrary to studies on species that utilize rhizomes and stolons for clonal reproduction, we found that in this bulbil-producing species light availability is positively associated with clonal dispersal distance. Therefore, the influence of resource availability on spatial population dynamics of clonal species may be influenced by the species’ growth-form.

scholarly journals Trichinosis in Lublin Province in 2003-2010 on a Background of Wild Boar`S Population Dynamics

2012 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-46
Author(s):  
Marian Flis
Keyword(s):  
Wild Boar ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Wild Boar Population ◽  
Wild Boars ◽  
Hospitalised Patients ◽  
Species Population ◽  
Wild Boar Meat ◽  
Population Interaction ◽  
Domestic Swine ◽  
Epidemiological Situation

Abstract The research aimed at evaluating the epizootic and epidemiological situation of trichinosis during the last 8 years in Lublin province on a background of progressing increase in wild boar population within the region and in the whole country. Data for the study were taken from the report on the results of the official examination of slaughter animals and meat, poultry, game, lagomorphs and aquaculture animals and six reports on the number of trichinosis cases found at wild boars and domestic swine. In order to evaluate the trichinosis epidemiological situation within the region, reports of the National Institute of Public Health-National Institute of Hygiene on the number of identified trichinosis cases in people, as well as the number of hospitalised patients were presented. In addition, information on the population and hunting achievement of wild boars in hunting circuits of Lublin province during the last 8 years was enclosed. The number of identified trichinosis cases in meat of wild boars from Lublin region increased 9 times, while the percentage of trichinosis occurrence in reference to the number of examined carcasses almost 3-fold. At the same period, the number of porcine carcasses, in which trichinosis was found, decreased by over 4 times. Over double increase in wild boar population on the studied area was observed during the evaluation. Dynamic increase in the population size - in an aspect of the species population interaction with the living habitat, and in the form of the increase in the number of damages of crops and cultivation fields - contributed to intensified hunting pressure towards the species expressed as almost 3-fold increase of wild boar hunting. Analysis of epizootic and epidemiological situation of Poland indicates that wild boar meat was the principal source of trichinosis during the studied period. Considering Lublin province, the number of identified trichinosis cases is still high as compared to eastern and central provinces. Meanwhile, when compared to western and northern Poland, the level of trichinosis invasion can be considered as low. Furthermore, the trichinosis morbidity among people, that does not exceed 0.18/100 thousand inhabitants, can be regarded as low. Nevertheless, the fact of underestimating the necessity of both wild boar’s and swine’s meat examination seems to be alarming

scholarly journals Effects of inbreeding on number of piglets born total, born alive and weaned in Austrian Large White and Landrace pigs

2009 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Köck ◽  
B. Fürst-Waltl ◽  
R. Baumung
Keyword(s):  
Inbreeding Depression ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Inbreeding Coefficient ◽  
Significant Positive Effect ◽  
Weaned Piglets ◽  
Large White ◽  
Inbreeding Coefficients ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Positive Effect

Abstract. In this study records of 58 925 litters of Austrian Large White and 17 846 litters of Austrian Landrace pigs were analysed. Regression models were used to determine the effects of litter, dam and sire inbreeding on total number of born, born alive and weaned piglets in Large White and Landrace. In both populations, litter and dam inbreeding showed a negative effect on all traits. Sire inbreeding had no effect in Large White, whereas a significant positive effect was observed in Landrace. On average, inbred sires with an inbreeding coefficient of 10 % had 0.45 more piglets born total and 0.43 more piglets born alive in comparison to non-inbred sires. In a further analysis the total inbreeding coefficients of the animals were divided into two parts: »new« and »old« inbreeding. »New« inbreeding was defined as the period of the first five generations. It was shown that the observed inbreeding effects were not only caused by recent inbreeding. Reproductive performance was also affected by »old« inbreeding. Finally partial inbreeding coefficients of four important ancestors in each population were calculated to investigate if inbreeding effects are similar among these ancestors. The results revealed a varation of inbreeding effects among the four ancestors. Alleles contibuting to inbreeding depression were descendent from specific ancestors.

scholarly journals Research on Color Space Perceptions and Restorative Effects of Blue Space Based on Color Psychology: Examination of the Yijie District of Dujiangyan City as an Example

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (9) ◽  
pp. 3137
Author(s):  
Jiangjun Wan ◽  
Yawen Zhou ◽  
Yuxin Li ◽  
Yi Su ◽  
Ying Cao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regression Models ◽  
Green Space ◽  
Color Space ◽  
Differential Method ◽  
Strong Correlations ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
The People ◽  
Socio Demographic Factors ◽  
Color Psychology ◽  
Positive Effect

An increasing number of studies have demonstrated that blue space can promote the recovery of the human body, as does green space. However, the influence of blue space on the color space has been studied much less. Based on research on color psychology and healthy cities, the current study takes Yijie District of Dujiangyan City as the research object. Logistic regression models and the semantic differential method was used to explore residents’ perceptions of color space and their restorative ratings of blue space. This study describes the characteristics of the people visiting blue space, investigates whether the benefits brought about by blue space are related to the color space, and studies whether the surrounding colors in the blue space have a positive effect in promoting residents’ perceptions of pleasure. Based on residents’ choices of environmental pictures containing various colors, a color tendency map was constructed. The results revealed strong correlations between residents’ perceived pleasure and color space color collocation. Socio-demographic factors were found to affect the frequency of visiting blue space. Reasonable color planning is necessary for human health. Based on the study findings, relevant planning suggestions are proposed as a reference basis for waterfront space color planning.

scholarly journals Stochastic assessment of management strategies for a Mediterranean peri-urban wild boar population

PLoS ONE ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. e0202289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos González-Crespo ◽  
Emmanuel Serrano ◽  
Seán Cahill ◽  
Raquel Castillo-Contreras ◽  
Lluís Cabañeros ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wild Boar ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Wild Boar Population

Reconciling temporal conflicts in innovation ambidexterity: the role of TMT temporal leadership

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (8) ◽  
pp. 1899-1920
Author(s):  
Jiawen Chen ◽  
Linlin Liu
Keyword(s):  
Regression Models ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Least Squares Regression ◽  
Exploration And Exploitation ◽  
Temporal Perspective ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Temporal Aspects ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose This study aims to extend the temporal perspective on ambidexterity by investigating how and under what conditions top management team (TMT) temporal leadership improves innovation ambidexterity. Design/methodology/approach Using a questionnaire survey, data were collected from 165 small- and medium-sized enterprises in China. Ordinary least squares regression models were applied to test the hypotheses. Findings The findings show that TMT temporal leadership has a positive effect on innovation ambidexterity and temporal conflict mediates this relationship. Market dynamism and institutional support moderate the indirect effect of TMT temporal leadership on innovation ambidexterity. Practical implications Managers wishing to promote exploration and exploitation simultaneously should pay attention to the temporal aspects of their innovation strategy and improve their temporal leadership activities. Originality/value This study highlights the temporal conflicts in ambidexterity and clarifies the enabling role of TMT temporal leadership. It contributes new insights to the research on organizational ambidexterity and strategic leadership.

Episodic Memory in Later Life: Benefits of Prayer and Meditation

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-40
Author(s):  
Nirmala Lekhak ◽  
Tirth R. Bhatta ◽  
Jaclene A. Zauszniewski
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Estimating Equation ◽  
Generalized Estimating Equation ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Retirement Study ◽  
Over Time

Purpose: To examine the effects of prayer and meditation on the episodic memory of older adults. Design: Secondary analysis of Health and Retirement Study (HRS). Method: Drawing from a subsample of HRS ( n = 1,135), this study utilized generalized estimating equation regression models to examine the effects of meditation and prayer on changes in episodic memory of older adults over time. Findings: Findings show a statistically significant positive effect of the use of prayer (0.50, p < .05) on episodic memory score at baseline. We also observed a slight gain in episodic memory over time for older adults who used prayer (0.04, p = .05). Meditation was not found to have a statistically significant effect on changes in memory in later life. Conclusion: This study illustrates the benefits of prayer in preserving memory and provides much needed empirical basis for community-level interventions to enhance memory in later life.

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