Ursprünge transzendentaler Ästhetik. Zum Wandel von Kants Raum- und Zeitargumentation von derInauguraldissertation zurKritik

Kant-Studien ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 111 (3) ◽  
pp. 331-385
Author(s):  
Christian Martin
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Space And Time ◽  
Representations Of Space ◽  
Widespread View

AbstractAccording to a widespread view, the essentials of Kant’s critical conception of space and time as set forth in the Transcendental Aesthetic can already be found in his 1770 Inaugural Dissertation. Contrary to this assumption, the present article shows that Kant’s later arguments for the a priori intuitive character of our original representations of space and time differ crucially from those contained in the Dissertation. This article highlights profound differences between Kant’s transcendental and his pre-critical conception of pure sensibility by systematically comparing the topic, method and argumentation of the First Critique with that of the Inaugural Dissertation. It thus contributes to a better understanding of the Transcendental Aesthetics itself, which allows one to distinguish its peculiar transcendental mode of argumentation from considerations made by the pre-critical Kant, with which it can easily be conflated.

scholarly journals Kant’s Original Space and Time as Mere Grounds for Possibilities

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Thomas Raysmith
Keyword(s):  
A Priori ◽  
Pure Reason ◽  
Critique Of Pure Reason ◽  
Transcendental Deduction ◽  
Original Space ◽  
Space And Time ◽  
Representations Of Space ◽  
Temporal Representations

Abstract In the Critique of Pure Reason Kant appears to make incompatible claims regarding the unitary natures of what he takes to be our a priori representations of space and time. I argue that these representations are unitary independently of all synthesis and explain how this avoids problems encountered by other positions regarding the Transcendental Deduction and its relation to the Transcendental Aesthetic in that work. Central is the claim that these representations (1) contain, when characterized as intuitions and considered as prior to any affections of sensibility, only an infinitude of merely possible finite spatial and temporal representations, and (2) are representations that are merely transcendental grounds for the possibilities for receiving or generating finite representations in sensibility that are determined (immediately, in the case of reception) by means of syntheses that accord with the categories.

Kant’s Argument for Transcendental Idealism in the Transcendental Aesthetic Revisited

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Damian Melamedoff-Vosters
Keyword(s):  
A Priori ◽  
Transcendental Idealism ◽  
Space And Time ◽  
Representations Of Space ◽  
Conceptual Confusion

Abstract This paper provides a novel reconstruction of Kant’s argument for transcendental idealism in the Transcendental Aesthetic. This reconstruction relies on two main contentions: first, that Kant accepts the then-ubiquitous view that all cognition is either from grounds or consequences, a view he props up by drawing a distinction between logical and real grounds; second, that Kant, like most of his contemporaries, holds that our representations are the most immediate grounds of our cognition. By stressing these elements, the most threatening objection to Kant’s argument can be avoided, namely, the claim that Kant ignores the possibility that our representations of space and time are subjective in origin, but objective as regards their applicability. My reconstruction shows that this so-called neglected alternative objection is based on a conceptual confusion about the nature of a priori cognition.

scholarly journals When Does HARKing Hurt? Identifying When Different Types of Undisclosed Post Hoc Hypothesizing Harm Scientific Progress

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 308-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Rubin
Keyword(s):  
Philosophy Of Science ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Literature Search ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Scientific Progress ◽  
Research Report ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Replication Crisis ◽  
Post Hoc

Hypothesizing after the results are known, or HARKing, occurs when researchers check their research results and then add or remove hypotheses on the basis of those results without acknowledging this process in their research report ( Kerr, 1998 ). In the present article, I discuss 3 forms of HARKing: (a) using current results to construct post hoc hypotheses that are then reported as if they were a priori hypotheses; (b) retrieving hypotheses from a post hoc literature search and reporting them as a priori hypotheses; and (c) failing to report a priori hypotheses that are unsupported by the current results. These 3 types of HARKing are often characterized as being bad for science and a potential cause of the current replication crisis. In the present article, I use insights from the philosophy of science to present a more nuanced view. Specifically, I identify the conditions under which each of these 3 types of HARKing is most and least likely to be bad for science. I conclude with a brief discussion about the ethics of each type of HARKing.

scholarly journals A Frequentist Alternative to Significance Testing, p-Values, and Confidence Intervals

Econometrics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 26 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Trafimow
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Confidence Intervals ◽  
Null Hypothesis ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Significance Testing ◽  
Population Parameters ◽  
Null Hypothesis Significance Testing ◽  
P Values ◽  
Statistical Procedures ◽  
Major Section

There has been much debate about null hypothesis significance testing, p-values without null hypothesis significance testing, and confidence intervals. The first major section of the present article addresses some of the main reasons these procedures are problematic. The conclusion is that none of them are satisfactory. However, there is a new procedure, termed the a priori procedure (APP), that validly aids researchers in obtaining sample statistics that have acceptable probabilities of being close to their corresponding population parameters. The second major section provides a description and review of APP advances. Not only does the APP avoid the problems that plague other inferential statistical procedures, but it is easy to perform too. Although the APP can be performed in conjunction with other procedures, the present recommendation is that it be used alone.

scholarly journals Exploring language attitudes in ELF research: Contrasting approaches in conversation

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 74-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomokazu Ishikawa ◽  
Sonia Morán Panero
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Social Practice ◽  
Language Attitudes ◽  
A Priori ◽  
The Other ◽  
Research Projects ◽  
Doctoral Research ◽  
Two Sides ◽  
Ontological Position ◽  
Linguistic Phenomenon

AbstractWith reference to two recent doctoral research projects on ELF, the present article examines the characterisation of language attitudes as either stable or variable evaluative phenomena, and provides a detailed account of methodological practices that may be favoured from each ontological position. The durability of language attitudes is more specifically conceptualised as a stable (but not enduring) construct directed to a linguistic phenomenon in one thesis, and as variable and emergent forms of evaluative social practice around a language-related issue in the other. With these two different approaches in conversation, the authors consider the extent to which stability and variability of language attitudes may be two sides of the same coin, and question whether it is safe to assume a priori the inferability of stable language attitudes from the observation of evaluative practice. This article evidences the need for ELF researchers working in this area to contemplate what and how it is being researched in the name of language attitudes while having awareness of possible alternatives in any given study.

scholarly journals QUESTÕES TEÓRICAS E TENDÊNCIAS DA GEOGRAFIA HISTÓRICA

GEOgraphia ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (42) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Patrício Aureliano Silva Carneiro
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Historical Geography ◽  
Time History ◽  
Anglo Saxon ◽  
Spatial Processes ◽  
The Past ◽  
Space And Time

Resumo: Um dos grandes desafios dos estudos históricos reside na incorporação e análise dos processos espaciais e dos elementos territoriais responsáveis por influenciar as temporalidades e os eventos e por modelar e organizar o espaço no passado. No presente artigo, procuramos salientar a importância dessa articulação, discorrendo sobre as inter-relações entre as categorias tempo e espaço, história e geografia. Com base em bibliografia anglo-saxônica, revisamos os aspectos conceituais da geografia histórica, a contribuição dos principais estudiosos e as novas tendências e desafios desse plano de abordagem.Palavras-chave: Geografia e história. Geografia histórica. Teoria e metodologia. THEORY AND TRENDS OF HISTORICAL GEOGRAPHYAbstract: One of the most significant challenges in the historical studies lies in the incorporation and analysis of spatial processes and territorial elements which influence temporality and events, as well as fashion and organize space in the past. The present article aims at emphasizing the importance of such relation as well as the connections between space and time, history and geography. Based on Anglo-Saxon bibliography, we review the conceptual aspects of historical geography, the most prominent authors’ contributions along with the new trends and challenges of this approach plan.Keywords: Geography and History. Historical Geography. Theory and Methodology. QUESTIONS THÉORIQUES ET TENDANCES DE LA GÉOGRAPHIE HISTORIQUERésumé: L’un des grands défis des études historiques, réside, dans l’incorporation et l’analyse des processus spatiaux et des éléments territoriaux responsables d’influencer les temporalités et les événements, et de modéliser et organiser l’espace dans le passé. Dans cet article, nous essayons de souligner l’importance de cette articulation, en discutant les interrelations entre le temps et l’espace, l’histoire et la géographie. Sur la base de la bibliographie anglo-saxonne, nous passons en revue les aspects conceptuels de la géographie historique, la contribution des principaux chercheurs et les nouvelles tendances et défis de ce plan d’approche.Mots-clés: Géographie et histoire. Géographie historique. Théorie et méthodologie.

scholarly journals Developing a Sense of Place with Locative Media: An “Underview Effect”

Leonardo ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Speed
Keyword(s):  
Sense Of Place ◽  
Global Context ◽  
Locative Media ◽  
Space And Time ◽  
Representations Of Space

The author explores the potential for locative media to offer a sense of a place. Frank White's “Overview Effect” is cited as a model for perceiving a sense of place in a global context. The paper describes the inherent limitations of Cartesian representations of space in supporting this perception. Finally, the author proposes that the capacity of locative media to connect people offers a path for a creative reconciliation between space and time. The author proposes that this kind of connected model may provide an “Underview Effect” and foster an appreciation of a global sense of place.

Representing Commodified Space

2019 ◽  
pp. 91-128
Author(s):  
Anish Vanaik
Keyword(s):  
Real Estate ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
State Power ◽  
Property Market ◽  
Space And Time ◽  
Representations Of Space

Chapter 4 examines ways of representing space as a commodity that played key roles in colonial Delhi: maps, lease deeds, advertisements, and auctions. These representations were related to the buying and selling of real estate in distinct ways. At the same time, they also referred to and relied on each other to give effect to their pronouncements. Two elements ran through these disparate representations: connections between space and time, and the imbrication of state and property market. This chapter argues that the ability to utilize these representations of space to develop narratives about urban space was a critical constituent of state power.

Reichenbach, Hans (1891–1953)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wesley C. Salmon
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Vienna Circle ◽  
Philosophy Of Physics ◽  
Theory Of Relativity ◽  
Sense Experience ◽  
Space And Time ◽  
The World ◽  
Synthetic A Priori ◽  
And Mathematics

Philosophy of science flourished in the twentieth century, partly as a result of extraordinary progress in the sciences themselves, but mainly because of the efforts of philosophers who were scientifically knowledgeable and who remained abreast of new scientific achievements. Hans Reichenbach was a pioneer in this philosophical development; he studied physics and mathematics in several of the great German scientific centres and later spent a number of years as a colleague of Einstein in Berlin. Early in his career he followed Kant, but later reacted against his philosophy, arguing that it was inconsistent with twentieth-century physics. Reichenbach was not only a philosopher of science, but also a scientific philosopher. He insisted that philosophy should adhere to the same standards of precision and rigour as the natural sciences. He unconditionally rejected speculative metaphysics and theology because their claims could not be substantiated either a priori, on the basis of logic and mathematics, or a posteriori, on the basis of sense-experience. In this respect he agreed with the logical positivists of the Vienna Circle, but because of other profound disagreements he was never actually a positivist. He was, instead, the leading member of the group of logical empiricists centred in Berlin. Although his writings span many subjects Reichenbach is best known for his work in two main areas: induction and probability, and the philosophy of space and time. In the former he developed a theory of probability and induction that contained his answer to Hume’s problem of the justification of induction. Because of his view that all our knowledge of the world is probabilistic, this work had fundamental epistemological significance. In philosophy of physics he offered epoch-making contributions to the foundations of the theory of relativity, undermining space and time as Kantian synthetic a priori categories.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document