scholarly journals The investigation of serum protein profiles in anal fistula for potential biomarkers

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunhua Peng ◽  
Hong Lu ◽  
Wei Zhang ◽  
Tian Chen ◽  
Qingyuan Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anal Fistula ◽  
Serum Proteins ◽  
Chronic Diarrhea ◽  
Sample Population ◽  
Anal Fistulas ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Significant Differential Expression ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Accuracy Rates ◽  
Potential Biomarkers

Abstract Objectives An anal fistula is an external abnormal anatomical connection between the rectum and the outer skin of the anus. Symptoms include anorectal pain, abscesses, perianal cellulitis, smelly or bloody drainage of pus, and, in some cases, difficulty controlling bowel movements. Diagnosis and evaluation of anal fistulas is crucial for prognosis and for the choice of the treatment method. In this study, we aimed to discover potential biomarkers from serum proteins for the prediction of anal fistulas. Methods Using antibody array technology, the expression of 40 proteins was simultaneously detected in serum samples from 13 patients with anal fistulas with chronic diarrhea, 14 patients with chronic diarrhea and six healthy volunteers. Differentially expressed proteins were subsequently validated by ELISA, with a sample population expanded to 30 patients with anal fistulas and chronic diarrhea, 30 patients with chronic diarrheas only and 20 healthy controls. Results Quantification analysis identified MIP-1α, MIP-1β and TNF-R1 with significant differential expression between the anal fistula with chronic diarrhea, chronic diarrhea only and healthy control groups. Bioinformatics analyses, including PCA and heat map creation, showed a clear separation between the three groups using the expression of MIP-1α, MIP-1β and TNF-R1. Validation by ELISA with the expanded sample population fistulas showed significant differential expression levels of MIP-1α, MIP-1β and TNF-R1, displaying accuracy rates of 0.898, 0.987 and 1.0 between the anal fistula with chronic diarrhea and healthy control groups. Accuracy rates between the anal fistula with chronic diarrhea and the chronic diarrhea only groups were 0.9768, 0.909 and 0.964, respectively. Conclusions These results suggest the feasibility of employing serum proteins MIP-1α, MIP-1β and TNF-R1 as potential biomarkers for rapid and convenient diagnosis of anal fistula in chronic diarrhea patients.

scholarly journals The Prevalence of Demodex folliculorum and Demodex brevis in Cylindrical Dandruff Patients

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Zhong ◽  
Yiwei Tan ◽  
Saiqun Li ◽  
Lulu Peng ◽  
Bowen Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sample Population ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Old Patients ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Demodex Folliculorum ◽  
Demodex Brevis ◽  
Positive Rate ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Eye Examination

Purpose. To compare the prevalence of and factors associated with Demodex brevis and Demodex folliculorum in patients with cylindrical dandruff (CD group) and healthy controls. Methods. Eyelashes were taken from 1680 patients with CD and 1700 healthy controls in China from March 2015 to May 2017. All patients underwent a complete eye examination, and Demodex spp. were counted. The prevalence was analyzed according to age, gender, and clinical features. Results. Mean patient age was 42.93 ± 16.52 (3–88) and 39.4 ± 13.6 (7–81) years old in the CD and healthy control groups, respectively. In the CD and healthy groups, the positive rate for Demodex folliculorum was 27.92% and 8.47%, respectively, while that for Demodex brevis was 31.67% and 6.65%, respectively. In the CD group, the prevalence of Demodex brevis was higher than that of Demodex folliculorum, no matter in the females (33.65% versus 29.01%) or the males (28.54% versus 23.88%) in the CD group. Moreover, the numbers of Demodex folliculorum and Demodex brevis were significantly and positively correlated with age, in both children and old patients (both P<0.001), as well as with the severity of eyelid congestion (all P<0.05). Conclusions. In a large sample population, the prevalence of Demodex brevis and Demodex folliculorum was higher in the CD group than in healthy volunteers. In addition, the severity of eyelid congestion might be exacerbated by the number of Demodex spp., which may therefore provide a good clinical reference and objective guide.

scholarly journals Comprehensive Profiling of Inflammatory Factors Revealed That Growth Differentiation Factor-15 Is an Indicator of Disease Severity in COVID-19 Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiangyun Teng ◽  
Jiaqi Zhang ◽  
Yaling Shi ◽  
Yuntao Liu ◽  
Yanqing Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Severity ◽  
Dynamic Change ◽  
Inflammatory Factors ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Dynamic Changes ◽  
Neutrophil Lymphocyte Ratio ◽  
Severe Group ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Functional Relevance ◽  
Potential Biomarkers

To systematically explore potential biomarkers which can predict disease severity in COVID-19 patients and prevent the occurrence or development of severe COVID-19, the levels of 440 factors were analyzed in patients categorized according to COVID-19 disease severity; including asymptomatic, mild, moderate, severe, convalescent and healthy control groups. Factor candidates were validated by ELISA and functional relevance was uncovered by bioinformatics analysis. To identify potential biomarkers of occurrence or development of COVID-19, patient sera from three different severity groups (moderate, severe, and critical) at three time points (admission, remission, and discharge) and the expression levels of candidate biomarkers were measured. Eleven differential factors associated with disease severity were pinpointed from 440 factors across 111 patients of differing disease severity. The dynamic changes of GDF15 reflect the progression of the disease, while the other differential factors include TRAIL R1, IGFBP-1, IGFBP-4, VCAM-1, sFRP-3, FABP2, Transferrin, GDF15, IL-1F7, IL-5Rα, and CD200. Elevation of white blood cell count, neutrophil count, neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), Alanine aminotransferase and Aspartate aminotransferase, low lymphocyte and eosinophil counts in the severe group were associated with the severity of COVID-19. GDF15 levels were observed to be associated with the severity of COVID-19 and the dynamic change of GDF15 levels was closely associated with the COVID-19 disease progression. Therefore, GDF15 might serve as an indicator of disease severity in COVID-19 patients.

scholarly journals VEGF as a potential molecular target in periodontitis: a meta-analysis and microarray data validation

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Ren ◽  
Que Feng ◽  
Shan He ◽  
Yanfeng Li ◽  
Jiadong Fan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Clinical Sample ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Therapeutic Drug ◽  
Data Validation ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Vegf Expression ◽  
Healthy Control

Abstract Background Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) has been used as a therapeutic drug for the treatment of some human diseases. However, no systematic evidence is performed for assessing the role of VEGF in periodontitis. We carried out a comprehensive analysis to explore the role of VEGF in patients with periodontitis. Methods Multiple databases were searched for eligible studies. The pooled standardized mean difference (SMD) and odds ratio (OR) with the corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) were applied to evaluate the effect sizes. Clinical data validation from microarray analysis was used. Pathway and process enrichment analysis were also investigated. Results Finally, 16 studies were included in this analysis. Overall, there was a significantly higher level of VEGF expression in periodontitis than in healthy control groups (OR = 16.64, 95% CI = 6.01–46.06, P < 0.001; SMD = 2.25, 95% CI = 1.25–3.24, P < 0.001). Subgroup analysis of ethnicity showed that VEGF expression was still correlated with periodontitis in the Asian and European populations. No correlation was observed between VEGF expression and age, gender, and pathological type. A large clinical sample data (427 periodontitis patients and 136 healthy controls) further validated that VEGF expression was higher in periodontitis than in healthy control groups (P = 0.023). VEGF was involved in many functions such as blood vessel development, response to growth factor, cell proliferation, and cell adhesion. Conclusions High levels of VEGF were credible implications for the development of periodontitis. Anti-VEGF therapy may be valuable for the treatment of periodontitis in clinical management.

scholarly journals Simple fistula-in-ano: is it all simple? A systematic review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Litta ◽  
A. Parello ◽  
L. Ferri ◽  
N. O. Torrecilla ◽  
A. A. Marra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Fecal Incontinence ◽  
Anal Fistula ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Weighted Average ◽  
Anal Fistulas ◽  
Postoperative Continence ◽  
Average Success Rate

Abstract Background Simple anal fistula is one of the most common causes of proctological surgery and fistulotomy is considered the gold standard. This procedure, however, may cause complications. The aim of this systematic review was to assess the surgical treatment of simple anal fistula with traditional and sphincter-sparing techniques. Methods A literature research was performed using PubMed, Cochrane, and Google Scholar to identify studies on the surgical treatment of simple anal fistulas. Observational studies and randomized clinical trials were included. We assessed the risk of bias of included studies using the Jadad scale for randomized controlled trials, and the MINORS Scale for the remaining studies. Results The search returned 456 records, and 66 studies were found to be eligible. The quality of the studies was generally low. A total of 4883 patients with a simple anal fistula underwent a sphincter-cutting procedure, mainly fistulotomy, with a weighted average healing rate of 93.7%, while any postoperative continence impairment was reported in 12.7% of patients. Sphincter-sparing techniques were adopted to treat 602 patients affected by simple anal fistula, reaching a weighted average success rate of 77.7%, with no study reporting a significant postoperative incontinence rate. The postoperative onset of fecal incontinence and the recurrence of the disease reduced patients’ quality of life and satisfaction. Conclusions Surgical treatment of simple anal fistulas with sphincter-cutting procedures provides excellent cure rates, even if postoperative fecal incontinence is not a negligible risk. A sphincter-sparing procedure could be useful in selected patients.

scholarly journals Mechanical ventilation-induced alterations of intracellular surfactant pool and blood–gas barrier in healthy and pre-injured lungs

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeanne-Marie Krischer ◽  
Karolin Albert ◽  
Alexander Pfaffenroth ◽  
Elena Lopez-Rodriguez ◽  
Clemens Ruppert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Blood Gas ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Gas Barrier ◽  
Alveolar Epithelial ◽  
Alveolar Surfactant ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Mean Size ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Injury Progression

AbstractMechanical ventilation triggers the manifestation of lung injury and pre-injured lungs are more susceptible. Ventilation-induced abnormalities of alveolar surfactant are involved in injury progression. The effects of mechanical ventilation on the surfactant system might be different in healthy compared to pre-injured lungs. In the present study, we investigated the effects of different positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) ventilations on the structure of the blood–gas barrier, the ultrastructure of alveolar epithelial type II (AE2) cells and the intracellular surfactant pool (= lamellar bodies, LB). Rats were randomized into bleomycin-pre-injured or healthy control groups. One day later, rats were either not ventilated, or ventilated with PEEP = 1 or 5 cmH2O and a tidal volume of 10 ml/kg bodyweight for 3 h. Left lungs were subjected to design-based stereology, right lungs to measurements of surfactant proteins (SP−) B and C expression. In pre-injured lungs without ventilation, the expression of SP-C was reduced by bleomycin; while, there were fewer and larger LB compared to healthy lungs. PEEP = 1 cmH2O ventilation of bleomycin-injured lungs was linked with the thickest blood–gas barrier due to increased septal interstitial volumes. In healthy lungs, increasing PEEP levels reduced mean AE2 cell size and volume of LB per AE2 cell; while in pre-injured lungs, volumes of AE2 cells and LB per cell remained stable across PEEPs. Instead, in pre-injured lungs, increasing PEEP levels increased the number and decreased the mean size of LB. In conclusion, mechanical ventilation-induced alterations in LB ultrastructure differ between healthy and pre-injured lungs. PEEP = 1 cmH2O but not PEEP = 5 cmH2O ventilation aggravated septal interstitial abnormalities after bleomycin challenge.

RNA Sequencing Reveals the Wound Repair Mechanism of Cuyuxunxi Prescription in Surgical Patients with Anal Fistulas

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yin Qu ◽  
Zhijun Zhang ◽  
Yafeng Lu ◽  
De Zheng ◽  
Wei Yang
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Rna Sequencing ◽  
Anal Fistula ◽  
Wound Repair ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Surgical Wound ◽  
Anal Fistulas ◽  
Skin Development

Background: Anal fistula is one of the most common colorectal and perirectal diseases in the world. Cuyuxunxi (CYXX) prescription is an efficient herbal fumigant used to promote the surgical wound healing of anal fistulas. Objective: This study aimed to explore the underlying molecular mechanism of CYXX prescription on surgical wound healing of anal fistulas. Methods: Ten patients with anal fistula were randomized into a control group or treatment group. The wound surface of patients in the control group was rinsed by normal saline, while that in the treatment group was rinsed by CYXX prescription. The wound tissues of patients with anal fistulas seven days after the surgery were collected for hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining and RNA sequencing. The expressions of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were validated by real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). Results: HE staining showed that CYXX treatment reduced the infiltration of inflammatory cells. A total of 472 DEGs, including 141 up-regulated genes and 331 down-regulated genes, were identified. These genes were significantly related to skin development, xenobiotic stimulus, and inflammation. In addition, the consistency rate of RT-qPCR and sequencing results was 83.33%, which showed a high relative reliability of the sequencing results. Conclusion: CYXX prescription could improve epidermis repair and reduce inflammatory responses.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of the ligation of intersphincteric fistula tract (LIFT) in the treatment of anal fistula: initial results

2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergio Danilo Tanahara TOMIYOSHI ◽  
Carlos Henrique Marques DOS SANTOS
Keyword(s):  
Fecal Incontinence ◽  
Anal Fistula ◽  
Anorectal Manometry ◽  
Fistulous Tract ◽  
Complete Healing ◽  
Fistula Tract ◽  
Anal Fistulas ◽  
Intersphincteric Fistula ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Initial Results

BACKGROUND: The abscesses and anal fistulas represent about 70% of perianal suppuration, with an estimated incidence of 1/10000 inhabitants per year and representing 5% of queries in coloproctology. AIM: To evaluate the effectiveness of the interesphincteric ligation technique of the fistulous tract in the treatment of anal fistula. METHODS: The records of eight patients who underwent this technique, evaluating age, gender and presence of incontinence were studied. Was named technical first-step the passage of cotton thread to promote the correct individualization of the fistula and, as the second, the surgical procedure. RESULTS: Two patients were men and eight women. The mean age was 42.8 years. Of these, seven (87.5%) had complete healing of the fistula; six were cured only with this procedure and one required additional operation with simple fistulotomy. Only one patient developed fecal incontinence which was documented by anorectal manometry. There were no deaths in this series. CONCLUSION: The interesphincteric ligation technique of the fistulous tract proved to be effective for the treatment of anal fistula and should not be discouraged despite the occurrence of eventual fecal incontinence.

scholarly journals Proteomics Investigations of Potential Protein Biomarkers in Sera of Rabbits Infected With Schistosoma japonicum

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nian-Nian Bi ◽  
Song Zhao ◽  
Jian-Feng Zhang ◽  
Ying Cheng ◽  
Chen-Yang Zuo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Schistosoma Japonicum ◽  
Serum Proteins ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Temporal Analysis ◽  
Host Protein ◽  
Label Free ◽  
Protein Biomarkers ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Potential Biomarkers

Schistosomiasis is a chronic parasitic disease that continues to be a pressing public health problem in many developing countries. The primary pathological damage from the disease is granuloma and fibrosis caused by egg aggregation, and early treatment can effectively prevent the occurrence of liver fibrosis. Therefore, it is very important to identify biomarkers that can be used for early diagnosis of Schistosoma japonicum infection. In this study, a label-free proteomics method was performed to observe the alteration of proteins before infection, 1 and 6 weeks after infection, and 5 and 7 weeks after treatment. A total of 10 proteins derived from S. japonicum and 242 host-derived proteins were identified and quantified as significantly changed. Temporal analysis was carried out to further analyze potential biomarkers with coherent changes during infection and treatment. The results revealed biological process changes in serum proteins compared to infection and treatment groups, which implicated receptor-mediated endocytosis, inflammatory response, and acute-phase response such as mannan-binding lectin serine peptidase 1, immunoglobulin, and collagen. These findings offer guidance for the in-depth analysis of potential biomarkers of schistosomiasis, host protein, and early diagnosis of S. japonicum and its pathogenesis. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD029635.

scholarly journals Differential gene expression in patients with anal fistula reveals high levels of prolactin recepetor

2017 ◽  
Vol 74 (5) ◽  
pp. 456-462
Author(s):  
Yi-Huan Song ◽  
Jian-Ming Qiu ◽  
Guan-Gen Yang ◽  
Dong Wang ◽  
A-Li Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anal Fistula ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Therapeutic Option ◽  
Differentially Expressed Gene ◽  
Staining Intensity ◽  
Independent Effect ◽  
Anal Fistulas ◽  
Mediators Of Inflammation ◽  
Differential Expression Profile ◽  
Complex Cases

Background/Aim. There are limited data examining variations in the local expression of inflammatory mediators in anal fistulas where it is anticipated that an improved understanding of the inflammatory milieu might lead to the potential therapeutic option of instillation therapy in complicated cases. The aim of the present study was to examine prolactin receptors (PRLR) as inflammatory markers and to correlate their expression with both the complexity of anal fistulas and the likelihood of fistula recurrence. Methods. Microarray was used to screen the differentially expressed gene profile of anal fistula using anal mucosa samples with hemorrhoids with ageand sex-matched patients as controls and then a prospective analysis of 65 patients was conducted with anal fistulas. PRLR immunohistochemistry was performed to define expression in simple, complex and recurrent anal fistula cases. The quantitative image comparison was performed combining staining intensity with cellular distribution in order to create high and low score PRLR immunohistochemical groupings. Results. A differential expression profile of 190 genes was found. PRLR expression was 2.91 times lower in anal fistula compared with control. Sixty-five patients were assessed (35 simple, 30 complex cases). Simple fistulas showed significantly higher PRLR expression than complex cases with recurrent fistulae showing overall lower PRLR expression than de novo cases (p = 0.001). These findings were reflected in measurable integrated optical density for complex and recurrent cases (complex cases, 8.31 ? 4.91 x 104 vs simple cases, 12.30 ? 6.91 x 104; p < 0.01; recurrent cases, 7.21 ? 3.51 x 104 vs primarily healing cases, 8.31 ? 4.91 x 104; p < 0.05). In univariate regression analysis, low PRLR expression correlated with fistula complexity; a significant independent effect maintained in multivariate analysis odds ratio [(OR) low to high PRLR expression = 9.52; p = 0.001)]. Conclusion. PRLR expression inversely correlates with anal fistula complexity. Further work must define the specificity of this finding and its relationship to other conventional mediators of inflammation.

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