Investigating Literary Translator’s Style in Span of Time: The Case of Sa‘di’s Gulistan Translated into English

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 214-230
Author(s):  
Mahmoud Afrouz
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Literary Style ◽  
English Translations

Abstract Stylistic issues have typically been considered as a challenge for literary translators. As far as literary style is concerned, Sa’di (1208–1291) is the most famous Persian poet. The present study aims at investigating the effect of time on the universals appeared in translating Sa’di’s style in the Gulistan. The corpus of the study consisted of the Gulistan’s two English translations: one by Rehatsek (1888) and its 2010 edition by Rosenbaum, and the other by Newman (2004). Baker’s (1996) framework, consisting of simplification, explicitation, normalization, and leveling out, was used as the basis for analyzing the collected data. As far as stylistic issues were concerned, it was realized that Rehatsek’s translation and its new edition by Rosenbaum, were not distinctly different. It was also found that the passage of time has had effects on selecting some specific features more than the others. Prosification was the most and leveling out was the least frequently observed features, while normalization and poetrification had never been detected. The findings also revealed greater tendency of recent translators to deviating from the ST author’s style and their stronger inclination towards providing easy-to-understand texts for today’s TT audience.

Socrate nel Gorgia platonico: Ulisse nella teatrocrazia ateniese. Le armi della persuasione nel dialogo Gorgia di Platone

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
Barbara Botter
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Literary Style ◽  
Discursive Strategies ◽  
Persuasive Strategies ◽  
Argumentative Strategies

L’obbiettivo del presente articolo è di circoscrivere ed approfondire lo studio di alcune strategie persuasive messe in atto da Socrate nel Gorgia platonico. Analizzando dapprima lo stile letterario, quindi gli scambi di battute fra gli interlocutori, ci proponiamo di evidenziare le ragioni della scelta platonica per lo stile drammatico, le strategie argomentative messe in atto dai protagonisti e le finalità in vista delle quali Platone crea un Socrate a due volti, un Socrate filosofo e un Socrate erista. In vista di ciò divideremo il testo in due sezioni principali: dapprima forniremo la cornice letteraria nella quale si inserisce il dialogo Gorgia; quindi esamineremo le strategie discorsive usate dagli interlocutori per difendere le rispettive tesi e giustificheremo la ragioni per cui la cura del discorso è importante per garantire un regime politico corretto. The aim of this article is to investigate the persuasive strategies produced by Socrates in the Plato’s Gorgias. First we’ll analyse the literary style, then the dialectical practices between Socrates and the other people, specifically Polo and Calicles. Our aim is to highlight the reasons why Plato choices a dramatic style in Gorgias; the argumentative strategies put in place by the protagonist and the other dialogue’s figures; and the Plato’s aims to create a Socrates with two faces: a Socrates philosopher and an eristic Socrates. With these aspects in mind, this paper has two main objectives. First we will consider the literary framework in which the dialogue Gorgias is put; then we’ll look at the discursive strategies used by the interlocutors to defend their arguments and justify why the care of speech is important to safeguard an appropriate politics.

Translating the Past: Rethinking Rajatarangini Narratives in Colonial India

2011 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chitralekha Zutshi
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Historical Writing ◽  
Relative Significance ◽  
Colonial India ◽  
The Past ◽  
Its Regions ◽  
English Translations ◽  
The Status ◽  
Multiple Levels

The status of Kalhana's poem Rajatarangini was mediated in colonial India in part through its English translations. However, the intent of the translations has been insufficiently analyzed in the context of the interrelationship between Orientalist and nationalist projects and the historical and literary ideas that informed them. The translators of Rajatarangini framed the text as more than a solitary example of Indian historical writing; rather, they engaged with it on multiple levels, drawing out, debating, and rethinking the definitions of literature and history and the relative significance of and relationship between them in capturing the identity of the nation and its regions. This article examines two translations of the text—one “Orientalist” and the other “nationalist”—with the purpose of interrogating these categories, by drawing out the complex engagement between European and indigenous ideas, and the dialogue between past and present that informed their production.

PRAGMATIC, LINGUAL CULTURAL SENSES AND ETHNIC SYMBOLS IN ARTISTIC TRANSLATION

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (32) ◽  
pp. 130-148
Author(s):  
Oleh Tyshchenko
Keyword(s):  
Short Story ◽  
Speech Acts ◽  
Narrative Structure ◽  
The Other ◽  
Grammatical Structure ◽  
Expressive Speech ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
English Translations ◽  
The One ◽  
The Master And Margarita

The article considers performative speech acts (expressives, commissives, wishes, curses, threats, warnings, etc.) and generally exclamatory phraseology in the original and translation in terms of the function of the addressee, the specifics of the communicative situation, the symbolism and pragmatics of the cultural text. Through cultural and semiotic reconstruction of these units, their semantic and grammatical structure and features of motivation in several linguistic cultures were clarified. Collectively, these verbal acts, on the one hand, mark the semiotic structure of the narrative structure of the text, and on the other hand, indicate the idiostyle of a particular author or characterize the speech of the characters and the associated range of emotions (curses, invectives, cries of indignation, dissatisfaction, etc.). Several translated versions of M. Bulgakov’s novel «The Master and Margarita» (in Ukrainian, Polish, Slovak and English) and English translations of M. Kotsyubynsky’s novel «Fata Morgana» and Dovzhenko’s short story «Enchanted Desna» constitute the material for the study. The obtained results are essential for elucidating the specifics of the national conceptual sphere of a certain culture and revealing the types of inter lingual equivalents, idiomatic analogues in the transmission of common ethno-cultural content. This approach can be useful for a new understanding of domestication and adaptation in translation, translation of culturally marked units, onyms, mythological concepts, etc. as a specific translation practices. There was further developed the theory of phatic and performative-expressive speech acts in lingual cultural comprehension.

scholarly journals El marco epistolar de los artículos de crítica literaria de Mme d'Épinay

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 77-88
Author(s):  
María Ángeles Llorca-Tonda
Keyword(s):  
Literary Criticism ◽  
The Other ◽  
Literary Style ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One

The aim of this paper is to analyse the literary criticism that Mme d'Épinay consecrates to the Correspondance littéraire of Grimm and Meister. The epistolary framework in which the critical articles studied are presented deserves particular attention, since it allows us, on the one hand, to establish the different functions developed by Louise d'Épinay in the circle of Grimm's collaborators, and, on the other hand, to highlight the dialogic structure that will dominate the literary style of Mme d'Épinay. El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo analizar la obra de crítica literaria que Mme d’Épinay consagra a la Correspondance littéraire de Grimm y de Meister. El marco epistolar en el que se presentan los artículos críticos estudiados merece una atención particular, ya que nos permite, por un lado, establecer las diferentes funciones desarrolladas por Louise d’Épinay en el círculo de los colaboradores de Grimm, y por otro lado, poner de manifiesto la estructura dialógica que dominará el estilo literario de Mme d’Épinay.

The Two Kinds of Depression According to St. Paul

1967 ◽  
Vol 113 (500) ◽  
pp. 779-780 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark D. Altschule
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
The Bible ◽  
The World ◽  
Current Classification ◽  
English Translations ◽  
The One ◽  
Similar Classification

One current classification of depression divides the syndrome into psychotic and non-psychotic varieties. It is interesting that a similar classification developed over a thousand years ago out of some words of St. Paul. In his Second Epistle to the Corinthians, Ch. 7, v. 10, Paul wrote: “For godly sorrow worketh repentance to salvation not to be repented of, but the sorrow of the world worketh death.” The word sorrow used in English translations of the Bible stood for the tristitia of Latin versions (Greek λνπη); connoting sadness, sorrow, despondency, depression. Paul's distinction between the two kinds of tristitia, the one “from God” and the other “of the world”, led mediaeval theologians to enlarge on differences between the two kinds of depression.

References to the Coral Islands in Huang Zhong’s Hai yu 海語

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roderich Ptak
Keyword(s):  
South China Sea ◽  
Present Article ◽  
South China ◽  
The South China Sea ◽  
The Other ◽  
The South ◽  
China Sea ◽  
English Translations ◽  
History Of ◽  
Coral Islands

Abstract There are many studies on the history of the islands in the South China Sea. The present article looks at the references to these islands in one source, Huang Zhong’s 黄衷 Hai yu 海語 (preface 1536). This mainly concerns two entries in that work. One entry bears the title Wanli shitang 萬里石塘, the other is called Wanli changsha 萬里長沙. The article presents English translations of these entries together with detailed comments. These comments are necessary because both entries contain several terms and passages that are difficult to understand. The comments investigate questions related to the geography and other phenoma of this area. This involves citations from contemporary sources as well as from some earlier and later works. In that sense the article may classify as a long philological note, or a collection of glosses, on a particular aspect described in one important mid-Ming text.

scholarly journals Hemingway’s Desolation Laid Bare, Perhaps

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Raymond J Petersen
Keyword(s):  
Short Story ◽  
The Other ◽  
Critical Examination ◽  
Robert Penn Warren ◽  
Literary Style ◽  
Natural Development ◽  
Violent Action

“A Clean, Well-lighted Place,” was first published in Scribner’s Magazine, in 1933, and ever since has been a significant focus of the literary world, with few daring to risk their literary aspirations, in rebuttal of previously published assertions as the dark forebodings of a world bereft of faith or joy. One is left to ponder a literary profession that appears bereft of a critical examination of the work, or, may not being able to see the forest for the trees. Responding to the assertion by Robert Penn Warren, that Hemingway lived in a “world of violent action,” WB Bache preferred to see the writer as a representative of unique craft and insight, and that he should be seen as, “a creative artist.” This is why I too, found Hemingway an enigma, as someone with a unique literary style, but possessing too, a wicked side. In his art, as he was in life, a hard drinking, womanizing, errant joker, who I feel certain here, is having a laugh at us all, from the other side. Sam Bluefarb (1971) wrote of the “Need to break through to some transcendent purpose—esthetic or religious—without which life seems to have little or no meaning.” Indeed, the melancholia which pervades this literary offering drags the reader down, into its darkness and despair, its depths of the maudlin, the mundane. The pathos may be evident, but does the meaning of the story have to be so dark, and so bitter? The “illogical dialogue sequence,” Warren Bennett (1990) ascribed to the tale, appears to be too bad, too lacking substance, too illogical for words, and so devoid of natural development that it takes on an artificiality such that it could only be a frolic that Hemingway is having, at our expense. Hemingway was a disciple of misogyny, this brute found love so often, not with docile, “pleasant”, or amenable women, but independent, vibrant, aggressive, articulate, intelligent, and yes, “feisty.” None of them was just a decoration, all were treated abysmally, and yet they all loved him till they had no more love left to give, until he had drained them of their capacity to continue to love him. These relationships open the door to a less discussed possibility, that “A Clean Well-lighted Place,” was actually a metaphoric celebration of femininity, in praise of womanhood, an explanation of the clean illumination of our lives (places), without whom, we are dark and dull, and lifeless, much like the iconic short story.

The Attitudes of the Secular Historians of the Age of Justinian Towards the Classical Past

Traditio ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 353-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. S. Evans
Keyword(s):  
Subject Matter ◽  
The Other ◽  
Literary Style ◽  
Ecclesiastical History ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Classical Traditions ◽  
Historical Causation ◽  
Eusebius Of Caesarea ◽  
The Church

I shall begin with a definition. I am dealing with ‘secular historians,’ and thus I am excluding ecclesiastical history, and chronography. The second of these two genres, chronography, continued a tradition which goes back as far as Thucydides' contemporary, Hellanicus, but under a Christian empire it acquired a Christian bias and dropped any pretence of literary style. ‘Ecclesiastical history,’ which, as far as we know, was invented by Eusebius of Caesarea, and displays a somewhat unclassical passion for documentation, dealt with the church and history as it affected the church. Its presuppositions about historical causation were Christian. The secular historians, on the other hand, continued the classical traditions of historiography begun by Herodotus and Thucydides, and their subject matter was war and politics, and the cross between the two, which was diplomacy.

scholarly journals The Mind in the Old English Prose Psalms

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (296) ◽  
pp. 597-617
Author(s):  
Amy Faulkner
Keyword(s):  
Pastoral Care ◽  
Old English ◽  
English Translation ◽  
The Other ◽  
English Text ◽  
The West ◽  
Alfred The Great ◽  
English Translations ◽  
Consolation Of Philosophy ◽  
The Mind

Abstract The Prose Psalms, an Old English translation of the first 50 psalms into prose, have often been overshadowed by the other translations attributed to Alfred the Great: the Old English Pastoral Care, with its famous preface, and the intellectually daring Old English translations of Boethius’s Consolation of Philosophy and Augustine’s Soliloquies. However, this article proposes that, regardless of who wrote them, the Prose Psalms should be read alongside the Old English Consolation and the Soliloquies: like the two more well-studied translations, the Prose Psalms are concerned with the mind and its search for true understanding. This psychological interest is indicated by the prevalence of the word mod (‘mind’) in the Old English text, which far exceeds references to the faculty of the intellect in the Romanum source. Through comparison with the Consolation and the Soliloquies, this article demonstrates that all three texts participate in a shared tradition of psychological imagery. The three translations may well, therefore, be the result of a single scholarly environment, perhaps enduring for several decades, in which multiple scholars read the same Latin, patristic writings on psychology, discussed these ideas among themselves, and thereby developed the vernacular discourse observable in these three translations. Whether this environment was identical with the scholarly circle which Alfred gathered at the West Saxon court remains a matter for debate.

scholarly journals En/countering the New Language of Exile in Uche Nduka's The Bremen Poems

2005 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Obododimma Oha
Keyword(s):  
The Self ◽  
The Other ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Cultural Space ◽  
Literary Style ◽  
European Context ◽  
Discourse Patterns ◽  
African Writers ◽  
Textual Politics ◽  
The Way

Many African writers have been very critical of Europe in their works, especially in relation to racism and the experience of colonization. Yet, with the conditions in African countries becoming unfriendly to the careers of these writers, many of them have had to seek refuge in Europe. The New European context of African writing (which means an entry into the space of the Other) raises a number of issues about literary style in the exilic/migrant text, especially with regard to the use of literature as a means of recreating the self and articulating the way the self experiences a new cultural space. To what extent does this entry into the space of the Other imply dialogism and transformation? The present paper discusses the stylistic and discourse patterns utilized by the Nigerian poet, Uche Nduka, who has been in self-exile in Germany, in his The Bremen Poems. It analyses the images that are enlisted in the textual politics of re/identification in the poems, especially in the articulation of Europe/Germany as a productive space. It analyses the images that are enlisted in the textual politics of re/identification in the poems, especially in the articulation of Europe/Germany as a productive space.

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