scholarly journals Are There Differences in Motives Between Participants in Individual Sports Compared to Team Sports?

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 30-40
Author(s):  
Arne Martin Jakobsen
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Extrinsic Motivation ◽  
Team Sports ◽  
Team Sport ◽  
Physical Activity Measure ◽  
Independent Variable ◽  
Individual Sports ◽  
Activity Measure

Abstract The aim of this study was to explore which motives dominate among adolescents when it comes to participation in individual versus team sports. We expected that intrinsic motives will dominate in both groups. We also had a hypothesis that those who compete in individual sport will have higher scores on intrinsic and lower on extrinsic motivation than those in team sport. We also expected that intrinsic motives would explain why they had chosen individual sports instead of team sport. The participants were 78 athletes, 39 in team sports and 39 in individual. Participants’ motives were assessed with the Motives for Physical Activity Measure - Revised (MPAM-R). The extrinsic motive “fitness” had highest score in both groups, followed by the intrinsic motives “interest/enjoyment” and “competence”. The only motive with a difference between team and individual sport was the intrinsic motive interest/enjoyment. The participants in team sport had a higher score on interest/enjoyment than those in individual sport. We conducted a regression analyze to explain why pupils chose individual instead of team sports. “Interest/enjoyment” had an explanation when we included this as a single independent variable. If they participated in team sport they had a higher score on the intrinsic motive “interest/enjoyment”. When we included all the motives none of them had an explanation. In conclusion we could not find any differences in motives for participation in team versus individual sport. We also only partly found support for the assumption that adolescents mostly are intrinsic motivated for participating in sport.

scholarly journals Motivation for different physical activities: a comparison among sports, exercises and body/movement practices

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Ming Chi Santos Hsu ◽  
Jaroslava Varella Valentova
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Movement ◽  
Physical Activities ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Health Motivation ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Physical Activity Measure ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Individual Sports ◽  
Activity Measure

Abstract Despite the well-known benefits for health, low levels of physical activity (PA) remain a public health issue. Research on motives for engaging in different PA shows differences in motives for Sports and Exercises. However, few studies addressed motives using more categories of PA. In this research, we investigated motives for four categories of PA (Individual Sports, Collective Sports, Exercises, and Body/Movement Practices), and possible effects of sex and age among 1,420 physically active individuals. Respondents answered the Motivation for Physical Activity Measure Revised. Intrinsic motives were higher for Sports, while Exercisers were motivated more extrinsically. Body/Movement Practices, although being composed of several activities defined by previous studies as Exercises, showed a motivational pattern closer to Sports. Fitness/Health motivation increased with age, while Appearance motivation decreased. Regarding sex, women reported higher Interest/Enjoyment than men. Our results can have implications for physical activities promotion, especially considering more categories than Sports/Exercises in the context of different motives.

scholarly journals Cognitive and Physical Activity-Related Aspects of Children Associated to the Performance of the Crunning Movement

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Ewan Thomas ◽  
Marianna Alesi ◽  
Garden Tabacchi ◽  
Carlos Marques da Silva ◽  
David J. Sturm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Team Sports ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Movement Performance ◽  
Individual Sports ◽  
Age Range

The aim of this investigation was to identify possible related factors associated to the performance of the crunning test in European children and adolescents. A total number of 559 children and adolescents (age range 6–14 years) of which 308 boys (55.1%) and 251 girls (44.9%), from seven European countries, were screened. A questionnaire concerning demographic and personal life-related factors and a cognitive assessment were performed. A regression analysis was conducted with the performance measures of the crunning movement. T-tests and ANCOVA were used to analyze sub-group differences. Boys have greater crunning performance values compared to girls (5.55 s vs. 7.06 s, p < 0.001) and older children perform better than younger ones (R2 −0.23; p < 0.001). Children with healthy and active habits (exercising or spending time with family members vs. reading or surfing the internet) performed better in the test. Children engaged in team sports had better crunning performances compared to those engaged in individual sports (6.01 s vs. 6.66 s, p = 0.0166). No significant association was found regarding cognitive-related aspects in either children engaged in team or individual sports and the crunning performance. Older and male children performed better in the crunning test than younger and female children. Physical activity-related aspects of children’s life are associated with crunning movement performance. No association was found between higher cognitive performance and the crunning test results.

scholarly journals Body Composition in Various Age Groups Among Individual and Team Sport

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 304-309
Author(s):  
Manzoor Ahmad Bhat
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Team Sports ◽  
Team Sport ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Average Difference ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Game Players ◽  
Individual Sports

The study aimed to compare the Body Composition in Various Age Groups among Individual and Team Sport. A total of one hundred twenty (120) subjects, comprising 60 Individual and 60 Team sport of district Kulgam J&K, further out of 60 individual sports players 20 players were of the age group between 20-25, ( 20 ) players were of the age group between 25- 30 and 20 players were of the age group between 30-35. the same procedure was followed for 60 team sports players. The Subjects were selected by using purposive sampling. The age of the subjects ranged between 20-25, the second group 25-30, and the third group 30-35. To analyze and compare the Body Composition and fat percentage in three different age groups among individual sports and team sports, the Following equipment and test were used: the data related to Fat Percentage was measured by Skinfold Calipers. BMI: it was estimated by Stadiometer and weighing machine. ).the data that was collected after applying standard testing kits were written in separate columns and was cross-checked for all three different age groups. Individual and team sports of district kulgam. Then the analysis of data was carried out by applying various statistical techniques like average., standard deviation and through the application of formula of t-test to find out the significant difference of all selected physical variables I,e BMI and fat percentage in various age groups among individual and team sports players of kulgam district the level of significance as per norm was kept as (p<0.05). the mean and standard deviation of BMI in 20-25 age group individual game players is ( 22.02 ±2.20) respectively, and the mean and standard deviation of BMI in 20-25 age group of team sports players is (18.01 ±1.81), with an average difference of 4.01. ). Hence individual sports players were found with a higher BMI than team sports players under the 20-25 age group. BMI in the 25-30 age group individual game players is (23.09±1.76) respectively, and the mean and standard deviation of BMI in 25-30 age group of team sports players is (20.07±3.36), with an average difference of 3.02. ). Hence under this age group, the individual sports players were found with a higher BMI than team sports groups. The mean and standard deviation of BMI in 30-35 age group individual game players is (19.30±2.07) respectively, and the mean and standard deviation of BMI in 30-35 age group of team sports players is (22.17 ±3.47), with an average difference of 2.87. Hence, team sports players were found with a higher BMI under the age group than individual sports players. The mean and standard deviation of fat percentage in 20-25 age group individual game players is (11.09±4.83) respectively, and the mean and standard deviation of fat percentage in 20-25 age group of team sports players is (9.02±4.18), with an average difference of 2.17.).Hence under this age group, individual sports players were found fatty as compared to team sports players. The mean and standard deviation of fat percentage in 25-30 age group individual game players is (10.01±3.53) respectively, and the mean and standard deviation of BMI in 25-30 age group of team sports players is (14.04±7.48), with an average difference of 4.13. ). Hence under this age group, team sports players were found fatty as compared to individual sports players. The mean and standard deviation of BMI in 30-35 age group individual game players is (14.08±2.81) respectively, and the mean and standard deviation of fat percentage in 30-35 age group of team sports players is (18.01±5.64), with an average difference of 3.64. Hence under this age group, team sports players were found fatty as compared to individual sports players

scholarly journals Examination of Cognitive Flexibility Levels of Young Individual and Team Sport Athletes

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Şehmus Aslan
Keyword(s):  
High School Students ◽  
Cognitive Flexibility ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Team Sports ◽  
Team Sport ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
School Students ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Individual Sports

The purpose of this study was to compare the level of cognitive flexibility of individual and team athletes who are students. The study included a total of 237 volunteer athletes, comprising 140 males (59.1%) and 97 females (40.9%) with a mean age of 18.98 ± 2.18 years (range, 16-26 years) who were licensed to participate in individual and team sports. Study data were collected using the Cognitive Flexibility Scale developed by Martin and Rubin (1995), which consists of 12 items in total. International validity and reliability studies were conducted by Martin and Rubin, and Turkish validity and reliability studies were conducted by Çelikkaleli on high school students (Çelikkaleli, 2014). The scores of the Cognitive Flexibility Scale were found to be higher in the team sports athletes compared with the individual sports athletes (p<0.05). No difference was determined between the levels of cognitive flexibility in male and female athletes. The results indicated that the cognitive flexibility levels of team athletes are higher than those of individual athletes.

Development of a Physical Activity Measure among College Students

2014 ◽  
Vol 114 (9) ◽  
pp. A23
Author(s):  
V. Quick ◽  
C. Byrd-Bredbenner ◽  
A.A. White ◽  
S. Shoff ◽  
B. Lohse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
College Students ◽  
Physical Activity Measure ◽  
Activity Measure

scholarly journals Laisvalaikiu besimankštinančių asmenų maisto papildų, mažinančių kūno masę, vartojimas: susijusių veiksnių analizė

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (76) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rasa Jankauskienė ◽  
Ramutis Kairaitis
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Anxiety Scale ◽  
Social Physique Anxiety ◽  
Physical Activity Measure ◽  
Activity Measure

Maisto papildų, mažinančių kūno masę, vartojimas gali būti žalingas sveikatai dėl abejotino kai kurių preparatų veiksmingumo ir saugumo. Nepaisant to, nuo 7 iki 33% amerikiečių yra bent kartą gyvenime vartoję šiuos preparatus. Jų vartojimo paplitimas besimankštinančių populiacijose nežinomas, nors yra studijų, nurodančių, kad kas antras sportuotojas vartoja maisto papildus. Tyrimų, nagrinėjančių šių maisto papildų vartojimo paplitimą, yra nepakanka-mai, dar mažiau jų atlikta analizuojant šių preparatų vartojimo ryšius su mankštinimosi motyvacijos, tikslų ir nerimo dėl socialinio išvaizdos priėmimo veiksniais. Tyrimo tikslas — nustatyti sveikatingumo centruose besimankštinančių asmenų maisto papildų, mažinančių kūno masę vartojimo paplitimą ir atlikti susijusių veiksnių analizę. Tyrimas buvo atliekamas 11 šalies sveikatingumo centrų, taikant anketavimo metodą. Išanalizuoti 217 tiriamųjų (iš jų — 66 moterys) duomenys, amžiaus vidurkis — 29,02 ± 9,9 m. Anketą sudarė demografi nių, su mankštinimusi ir kūno masę mažinančių maisto papildų (MP) vartojimu susijusių klausimų blokas. Mankštinimosi motyvai buvo nustatomi remiantis klausimynu (angl. Motives for Physical Activity Measure — Revised, MPAM — R) (Frederick, Ryan, 1993). Nerimas dėl socialinio išvaizdos priėmimo (NSIP) buvo nustatytas Nerimo dėl socialinio išvaizdos priėmimo skale (angl.  Social Physique Anxiety Scale) (Hart et al., 1989).Iš visos tiriamosios imties MP per pastaruosius du mėnesius vartojo 16,3% respondentų, daugiau moterų negu vyrų (p = 0,01). Išoriniai mankštinimosi motyvai nebuvo susiję su dažnesniu maisto papildų vartojimu. Logistinė regresinė analizė atskleidė, kad kontroliuojant lyties efektą NSIP ir mankštinimosi dėl riebalų mažinimo tikslas  buvo susiję su dažnesniu maisto papildų vartojimu (p < 0,05).Besimankštinantys asmenys kūno masę kontroliuoja sveikatai žalingu būdu, todėl būtina stiprinti jo prevenciją ma-žinant besimankštinančių asmenų nerimą dėl socialinio išvaizdos priėmimo ir mankštinimosi dėl riebalų mažinimo motyvų sureikšminimą. Rezultatų negalima apibendrinti dėl mažos tiriamųjų imties, reikalingi tolesni tyrimai.Raktažodžiai: maisto papildai, mankštinimosi motyvai, nerimas dėl socialinio išvaizdos priėmimo.

scholarly journals Besimankštinančių asmenų demografinių veiksnių ir mankštinimosi motyvų sąsajos su valgymo sutrikimų rizika

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (78) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rasa Jankauskienė ◽  
Rasa Mickūnienė
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Eating Attitude ◽  
Eating Attitude Test ◽  
Attitude Test ◽  
Physical Activity Measure ◽  
Activity Measure

Atlikta daugybė tyrimų, atskleidžiančių, kad valgymo sutrikimai labiau paplitę tarp profesionaliai sportuojančių (ypač kultivuojančių estetines sporto šakas) negu bendroje populiacijoje. Naujausi tyrimai atskleidžia, kad asmenys, besimankštinantys sveikatingumo centruose, dažniau kenčia nuo valgymo sutrikimų nei kitur sportuojantys. Nemažai tyrimų atlikta tiriant vaikų, jaunimo ir studentų mankštinimosi motyvacijos, valgymo sutrikimų rizikos ryšius, tačiau mažiau žinoma, kaip demografi niai bei mankštinimosi veiksniai gali būti susiję su besimankštinančių suaugusių asmenų, ypač vyrų, valgymo sutrikimų rizika.Šio tyrimo tikslas — nustatyti, kaip demografi niai (lytis, amžius, išsilavinimas) ir mankštinimosi (motyvacija, stažas) veiksniai susiję su besimankštinančių  asmenų valgymo sutrikimų rizika.Tyrimo imtis ir organizavimas. Tyrimas buvo atliekamas 2008 metų pavasarį keliuose Kauno sveikatingumo centruose, taikant apklausos raštu metodą. Iš viso buvo analizuoti 239 tiriamųjų duomenys, iš jų — 81 vyras (amžiaus vidurkis (SD) 30,8 ± 8,9 m.). Tyrimo instrumentas. Anketą sudarė demografi nių klausimų blokas. Valgymo sutrikimų rizika nustatyta taikant Po-žiūrio į valgymą testą (Eating Attitude Test-26,  Garner, 1982). Mankštinimosi motyvacija buvo nustatoma remiantis apsisprendimo teorijos pagrindu sukurtu klausimynu (angl. Motives for Physical Activity Measure-Revised; MPAM-R) (Frederick, Ryan, 1993). Rezultatai. Bendras šios imties tiriamųjų valgymo sutrikimų rizikos balų vidurkis buvo 7,67 ± 8 balo. Į valgymo sutri-kimų rizikos grupę (surinko 20 ir daugiau balų) pakliuvo 21 (9,1%) tiriamasis, iš jų — 7 (8,64%) vyrai ir 14 (8,86%) moterų. Logistinė regresinė analizė atskleidė, kad mankštinimasis dėl išvaizdos (p < 0,05), ilgesnis mankštinimosi stažas (p > 0,05) ir mankštinimosi dažnis buvo susiję su didesne valgymo sutrikimų rizika (p > 0,05). Išvados. Valgymo sutrikimų rizika yra paplitęs reiškinys tarp besimankštinančių asmenų. Moteriška lytis, amžius ir aukštesnis išsilavinimas nėra reikšmingai susiję su sveikatingumo centruose besimankštinančių asmenų valgymo su-trikimų rizika. Mankštinimasis dėl išvaizdos gerinimo motyvo yra svarbiausias valgymo sutrikimus prognozuojantis veiksnys (p < 0,05). Tyrimas pagrindžia prevencinių programų bei vidinės motyvacijos stiprinimo būtinybę sveika-tingumo centruose ir atskleidžia šių programų reikalingumą vyrams.Raktažodžiai: valgymo sutrikimai, fizinis aktyvumas, mankštinimosi motyvacija.

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