Environmental determinants of activity variation of an overlooked burrowing rodent: the Indian crested porcupine

Mammalia ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 82 (5) ◽  
pp. 449-459 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aditi Mukherjee ◽  
Honnavalli Nagaraj Kumara ◽  
Subramanian Bhupathy
Keyword(s):  
Time Allocation ◽  
Ecosystem Engineer ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Lunar Phase ◽  
Environmental Determinants ◽  
Use Patterns ◽  
Ecological Importance ◽  
Rate Of Emergence ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Burrow Use

Abstract A study of the activity patterns, time allocation for each activity and variations in activities due to environmental alterations are necessary for understanding the biology of any species. This study investigates the relationship of micro-habitat and environmental conditions with seasonal and temporal activities of Indian crested porcupines (ICP) around their burrows in Keoladeo National Park (KNP), India. This species is considered as a problem species, often ignoring its ecological importance as an ecosystem engineer. Of the 39 sampled burrows, 58.97%, 38.46% and 83.78% were occupied in winter, summer and monsoon, respectively. The estimated porcupine density was 3.21±1.32SD individuals/km2, accounting for a population size of 65.89±27.15SD individuals. A seasonal shift in rate of emergence was observed in monsoon and winter, when ICP emerged earlier, significantly correlating with the sunset timings. The daily activity records of adult ICP outside burrow significantly peaked in January–February when they prepare the burrows for the gestation period of 90–112 days, followed by rearing of the offspring. The temporal activity significantly reduced in the full moon nights, perhaps to avoid predators. The study affirms that environmental determinants including the timings of sunrise, sunset and lunar phase significantly affect the variations in temporal activity and burrow use patterns of ICP.

Neolithic/Early Bronze Age Pit Circles and their Environs at Oakham, Rutland

1998 ◽  
Vol 64 ◽  
pp. 293-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Clay ◽  
Clive R. Jones ◽  
Elaine L. Jones ◽  
Gary Haley ◽  
Elizabeth Healey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Bronze Age ◽  
Early Bronze Age ◽  
Land Use Patterns ◽  
Use Patterns ◽  
Surrounding Areas ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Fieldwork east of Oakham, Rutland has located evidence of prehistoric settlement, land use patterns, and ceremonial monuments. Part of this included the excavation of a cropmark site which has revealed an unusual sequence of Neolithic/Early Bronze Age pit circles and a burial area. This is complemented by a fieldwalking survey of the surrounding areas, allowing consideration of the relationship of juxtaposed flint scatters and the excavated ceremonial area.

Phylogenetic relationship of potato CAT1 and CAT2 genes, their differential expression in non-photosynthetic organs and during leaf development, and their association with different cellular processes

2006 ◽  
Vol 33 (7) ◽  
pp. 639 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabel Santos ◽  
Helena Pires ◽  
José M. Almeida ◽  
Fernanda Fidalgo ◽  
Ana Confraria ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Relationship ◽  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Developmental Phase ◽  
High Identity ◽  
Solanaceous Species ◽  
Cdna Sequences ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Expression And Activity

Plants contain multiple forms of catalase (CAT) and their specific functions remain uncertain. We cloned two potato cDNAs corresponding to CAT1 and CAT2 genes, analysed their phylogenetic relationship, and studied their expression and activity in different organs to gain clues to their functions. Phylogenetic trees and the alignment of CAT cDNA sequences provided evidence that CAT1 and CAT2 genes have high identity to catalases of other solanaceous species, but are not phylogenetically closely related to one another, which contradicts the phylogenetic closeness ascribed to these genes. Northern blot analyses revealed that expression of CAT genes is controlled by leaf developmental phase. CAT2 expression was higher in both very young and senescent leaves, whereas CAT1 mRNA accumulated mainly in mature leaf, where the lowest CAT2 expression occurred. CAT1 and CAT2 are also differentially expressed in root, sprout and petal. Expression and activity patterns are consistent with different physiological roles for CAT1 and CAT2 isoforms. CAT1 is considered to be associated with photorespiration whereas CAT2 would fulfill physiological roles unrelated to this process. CAT2 appears to be a multifunctional isoform, associated with glyoxysomal activity in leaf senescence, other processes in non-photosynthetic organs and defence, functions that in other solanaceous species are fulfilled by two different isoforms.

Activity patterns and time allocation during pregnancy: A longitudinal study of British women

2005 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 247-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. E. Clarke ◽  
E. K. Rousham ◽  
H. Gross ◽  
A. W. F. Halligan ◽  
P. Bosio
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Time Allocation ◽  
Activity Patterns

A Multivariate Analysis of Personality and Product Use

1971 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
David L. Sparks ◽  
W. T. Tucker
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Canonical Analysis ◽  
Use Patterns ◽  
Product Use ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

A canonical analysis of the relationship of personality traits to product use patterns suggests that the association is significant and complex, involving probable interactions among traits.

Species-specific patterns of the use of burrows of Upogebia Leach, 1814 (Decapoda: Gebiidea: Upogebiidae) by the symbiotic alpheid shrimps Stenalpheops anacanthus Miya, 1997 and Athanas japonicus Kubo, 1936 (Decapoda: Caridea: Alpheidae) as revealed by laboratory quantification

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yumi Henmi ◽  
Gyo Itani
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary Biology ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
The Body ◽  
Symbiotic Relationship ◽  
Use Patterns ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Burrow Use ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Observation Period

Abstract Many alpheid shrimps live symbiotically on the body surface or inside the bodies of other invertebrates, while others use burrows made by other animals. The burrow symbiosis of alpheid shrimps is poorly studied in the context of ecology, probably because the cryptic infaunal nature of the relationship is hard to observe. The limited knowledge of the pattern of burrow use by alpheid shrimps leaves a gap in our understanding of their evolutionary history. We described and compared the behavior of Stenalpheops anacanthus  Miya, 1997 and Athanas japonicus  Kubo, 1936, two alpheid species living symbiotically in the burrows of the same host, Upogebia yokoyai  Makarov, 1938. We found that both alpheid species used U. yokoyai burrows in aquaria, but their burrow use patterns were quite different. The average time taken for S. anacanthus to enter the burrow for the first time was much shorter (1 min) than that of A. japonicus (13 min). Subsequently, S. anacanthus made longer use of the burrow (80% of the observation period) than A. japonicus (49%). The tail-first exit frequency, which may indicate a sudden expulsion from the burrow by the host, was more frequent in A. japonicus (25%) than in S. anacanthus (7%). Such differences could be attributed to the nature of the symbiotic relationship, obligate in S. anacanthus but facultative in A. japonicus. Because of the diversity of symbiotic lifestyles, there is considerable potential to study the ecology and evolutionary biology of burrow-symbiotic alpheids further.

Resource use by unexploited sympatric bobcats and coyotes in Oregon

1986 ◽  
Vol 64 (10) ◽  
pp. 2333-2338 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. W. Witmer ◽  
D. S. deCalesta
Keyword(s):  
Resource Use ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Home Ranges ◽  
Felis Rufus ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Use Patterns ◽  
Mountain Beaver ◽  
Forested Areas ◽  
Aplodontia Rufa ◽  
Daily Activity Patterns

Unexploited populations of bobcats (Felis rufus) and coyotes (Canis latrans) were studied in the Elliott State Forest, Douglas and Coos counties, Oregon, from September 1981 to July 1982. A total of 633 radio locations of six bobcats and five coyotes were used to determine home ranges, activity, and habitat-use patterns. Twenty-five prey items were identified in bobcat and coyote scats. Diets of the two species were similar (overlap values were greater than 0.92 for all seasons). Mountain beaver (Aplodontia rufa) remains occurred in over 70% of the scats from both species. Home ranges for radio-collared animals averaged 14 km2 for male coyotes, 12 km2 for female coyotes, 11 km2 for one male bobcat, and 2 km2 for female bobcats. Bobcat and coyote home ranges overlapped in time as well as space. Radio-collared bobcats were detected on occasion within the same clear-cut sites concurrently with radio-collared coyotes, and daily activity patterns were nearly identical between the two predators. Bobcats and coyotes used open areas during nightly hunting activities and retired to forested areas during the day. Coyotes used grassy, more open clearings whereas bobcats favored brushy sites.

scholarly journals Spatial dynamics and activity patterns of the fosa Cryptoprocta ferox in Ankarafantsika National Park, Madagascar: carnivores navigating a human-influenced landscape

Oryx ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 837-846
Author(s):  
Eileen Wyza ◽  
Luke Dollar ◽  
Leon Pierrot Rahajanirina ◽  
Viorel Popescu ◽  
Nancy J. Stevens
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Spatial Dynamics ◽  
Space Use ◽  
Home Range Size ◽  
Home Ranges ◽  
Gps Collars ◽  
Use Patterns ◽  
Cryptoprocta Ferox ◽  
Human Habitation

AbstractThe Vulnerable fosa Cryptoprocta ferox is the largest native carnivore in Madagascar, fulfilling a unique ecological niche in the island's remaining forests. Negative interactions with humans threaten the long-term viability of most remaining fosa populations across Madagascar. Threats to the fosa include habitat loss and persecution by humans resulting from perceived predation on domestic animals. We used GPS collars to record space use and activity patterns of five fosas in Ankarafantsika National Park, Madagascar, during the dry seasons of 2016 and 2017. The results, with up to 2,110 recorded locations per individual, indicated fosas’ home ranges and movements were not limited to the forest, and all collared individuals used networks of habitat patches and corridors to navigate deforested areas. The fosas studied in Ankarafantsika National Park had significantly larger home ranges than those reported in previous studies in other protected areas. They were rarely found within village boundaries and appeared to avoid areas of human habitation, suggesting that during the study period livestock was not a significant component of the fosas’ diet in this Park. Our results suggest that fosas have some flexibility that enables them to adapt to living near deforested and human-dominated areas by altering their space-use patterns, but they are compensating by increasing their home range size.

scholarly journals Effects of Individual and Environmental Factors on GPS-Based Time Allocation in Urban Microenvironments Using GIS

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Audrius Dėdelė ◽  
Auksė Miškinytė ◽  
Irma Česnakaitė ◽  
Regina Gražulevičienė
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Exposure Assessment ◽  
Time Allocation ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Personal Exposure ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Time Activity ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The Impact

Time-activity patterns are an essential part of personal exposure assessment to various environmental factors. People move through different environments during the day and they have different daily activity patterns which are significantly influenced by individual characteristics and the residential environment. In this study, time spent in different microenvironments (MEs) were assessed for 125 participants for 7 consecutive days to evaluate the impact of individual characteristics on time-activity patterns in Kaunas, Lithuania. The data were collected with personal questionnaires and diaries. The global positioning system (GPS) sensor integrated into a smartphone was used to track daily movements and to assess time-activity patterns. The study results showed that behavioral and residential greenness have a statistically significant impact on time spent indoors. These results underline the high influence of the individual characteristics and environmental factors on time spent indoors, which is an important determinant for exposure assessment and health impact assessment studies.

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