scholarly journals Metamaterials and chiral sensing: a review of fundamentals and applications

Nanophotonics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
SeokJae Yoo ◽  
Q-Han Park
Keyword(s):  
Mirror Symmetry ◽  
Optical Sensing ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Local Fields ◽  
Chiral Molecules ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Sensing Platforms ◽  
Chiral Sensing ◽  
Active Research ◽  
Shed Light

AbstractChirality, a property of broken mirror symmetry, prevails in nature. Chiral molecules show different biochemical behaviors to their mirror molecules. For left or right circularly polarized lights, the fundamental chiral states of electromagnetic fields interact differently with chiral matter, and this effect has been used as a powerful tool for the detection of chiral molecules. This optical sensing, also termed chiral sensing, is not only easy to implement but also non-invasive to the analytes. However, the measurements made by the optical sensing of chiral molecules are challenging, as chiroptical signals are extremely weak. Recent years have seen active research efforts into metamaterial and plasmonic platforms for manipulating local fields to enhance chiroptical signals. This metamaterial approach offers new possibilities of chiral sensing with high sensitivity. Here, we review the recent advances in chiral sensing using metamaterial and plasmonic platforms. In addition, we explain the underlying principles behind the enhancement of chiroptical signals and highlight practically efficient chiral sensing platforms. We also provide perspectives that shed light on design considerations for chiral sensing metamaterials and discuss the possibility of other types of chiral sensing based on resonant metamaterials.

scholarly journals Chiroptical Metasurfaces: Principles, Classification, and Applications

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (13) ◽  
pp. 4381
Author(s):  
Joohoon Kim ◽  
Ahsan Sarwar Rana ◽  
Yeseul Kim ◽  
Inki Kim ◽  
Trevon Badloe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mirror Symmetry ◽  
Polarized Light ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Circularly Polarized Light ◽  
Circularly Polarized ◽  
The Past ◽  
Sensing Platforms ◽  
Chiral Sensing ◽  
Chiral Materials ◽  
Significant Attention

Chiral materials, which show different optical behaviors when illuminated by left or right circularly polarized light due to broken mirror symmetry, have greatly impacted the field of optical sensing over the past decade. To improve the sensitivity of chiral sensing platforms, enhancing the chiroptical response is necessary. Metasurfaces, which are two-dimensional metamaterials consisting of periodic subwavelength artificial structures, have recently attracted significant attention because of their ability to enhance the chiroptical response by manipulating amplitude, phase, and polarization of electromagnetic fields. Here, we reviewed the fundamentals of chiroptical metasurfaces as well as categorized types of chiroptical metasurfaces by their intrinsic or extrinsic chirality. Finally, we introduced applications of chiral metasurfaces such as multiplexing metaholograms, metalenses, and sensors.

scholarly journals Role of MRI evaluation in acute secondary inability to walk in children

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
K. H. Sedeek ◽  
K. Aboualfotouh ◽  
S. M. Hassanein ◽  
N. M. Osman ◽  
M. H. Shalaby
Keyword(s):  
Transverse Myelitis ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis ◽  
Limb Weakness ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
Bilateral Lower Limb ◽  
Severity Of The Disease

Abstract Background Acute bilateral lower limb weakness is a common problem in children which necessitates a rapid method for diagnosis. MRI is a non-invasive imaging technique that produces high-quality images of the internal structure of the brain and spinal cord. Results MRI was very helpful in reaching rapid and prompt diagnosis in children with acute inability to walk. Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM), Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS), and acute transverse myelitis (ATM) were the most common causes in our study. MRI proved to be of high sensitivity in detecting the lesions and reaching the diagnosis in ADEM and GBS; however, there was no significant relation between the lesions’ size, enhancement pattern, and severity of the disease or prognosis, yet in ATM the site of the lesion and number of cord segment affection were significantly related to the severity of the disease and prognosis. Conclusion MRI is a quick tool to reach the diagnosis of children with acute secondary inability to walk, and to eliminate other differential diagnosis which is essential for proper treatment and rapid full recovery. It is highly sensitive in detecting the lesions, their site and size.

scholarly journals Through thick and thin: Diagnosis of transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis through non-invasive multimodality imaging

2021 ◽  
pp. 201010582110061
Author(s):  
Raja Ezman Raja Shariff ◽  
Hafisyatul Aiza Zainal Abidin ◽  
Sazzli Kasim
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Amyloidosis ◽  
Troponin T ◽  
Multimodality Imaging ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Dark Blood ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Doppler Study ◽  
Alternative Means ◽  
High Sensitivity Troponin T

Cardiac amyloidosis is a severely underdiagnosed cause of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. We report a case of highly probable transthyretin (ATTR) cardiac amyloidosis (ATTR-CA) diagnosed through the assistance of non-invasive multimodality imaging. An 81-year-old man presented with worsening dyspnoea, reduced effort tolerance and limb swelling. Examination and bedside investigations demonstrated congestive cardiac failure. On arrival, N-terminal-pro B-type natriuretic peptide was 2400 ng/L, and high-sensitivity troponin T was 78 mmol/L. Echocardiography showed severe left and right ventricular hypertrophy, and a Doppler study revealed diastolic dysfunction. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging revealed on non-conventional dark blood sequence an abnormal inversion time for nulling myocardium suggestive of infiltrative disease, including amyloidosis. The patient was referred for nuclear-based studies involving technetium-99m pyrophosphate which demonstrated changes highly diagnostic of ATTR-CA. Early diagnosis of ATTR-CA remains paramount due to the increasing availability of disease-modifying therapies. Current guidelines recognise the role of multimodality imaging in confidently recognising the disease without the need for histological evidence in the appropriate context, providing an alternative means of diagnosis.

scholarly journals Fluorescent Probes for Live Cell Thiol Detection

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (12) ◽  
pp. 3575
Author(s):  
Shenggang Wang ◽  
Yue Huang ◽  
Xiangming Guan
Keyword(s):  
Fluorescent Probes ◽  
Biological System ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Intracellular Distribution ◽  
Live Cell ◽  
Live Cells ◽  
High Demand ◽  
Non Invasive

Thiols play vital and irreplaceable roles in the biological system. Abnormality of thiol levels has been linked with various diseases and biological disorders. Thiols are known to distribute unevenly and change dynamically in the biological system. Methods that can determine thiols’ concentration and distribution in live cells are in high demand. In the last two decades, fluorescent probes have emerged as a powerful tool for achieving that goal for the simplicity, high sensitivity, and capability of visualizing the analytes in live cells in a non-invasive way. They also enable the determination of intracellular distribution and dynamitic movement of thiols in the intact native environments. This review focuses on some of the major strategies/mechanisms being used for detecting GSH, Cys/Hcy, and other thiols in live cells via fluorescent probes, and how they are applied at the cellular and subcellular levels. The sensing mechanisms (for GSH and Cys/Hcy) and bio-applications of the probes are illustrated followed by a summary of probes for selectively detecting cellular and subcellular thiols.

scholarly journals Metal Oxide Nanorods-Based Sensor Array for Selective Detection of Biomarker Gases

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 1922
Author(s):  
Gwang Su Kim ◽  
Yumin Park ◽  
Joonchul Shin ◽  
Young Geun Song ◽  
Chong-Yun Kang
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Sensor Array ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Gas Analysis ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Real Time Monitoring ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Sensitivity And Selectivity ◽  
Breath Gas Analysis ◽  
Angle Method

The breath gas analysis through gas phase chemical analysis draws attention in terms of non-invasive and real time monitoring. The array-type sensors are one of the diagnostic methods with high sensitivity and selectivity towards the target gases. Herein, we presented a 2 × 4 sensor array with a micro-heater and ceramic chip. The device is designed in a small size for portability, including the internal eight-channel sensor array. In2O3 NRs and WO3 NRs manufactured through the E-beam evaporator’s glancing angle method were used as sensing materials. Pt, Pd, and Au metal catalysts were decorated for each channel to enhance functionality. The sensor array was measured for the exhaled gas biomarkers CH3COCH3, NO2, and H2S to confirm the respiratory diagnostic performance. Through this operation, the theoretical detection limit was calculated as 1.48 ppb for CH3COCH3, 1.9 ppt for NO2, and 2.47 ppb for H2S. This excellent detection performance indicates that our sensor array detected the CH3COCH3, NO2, and H2S as biomarkers, applying to the breath gas analysis. Our results showed the high potential of the gas sensor array as a non-invasive diagnostic tool that enables real-time monitoring.

scholarly journals Assessment of a change of protocol of prenatal screening by inclusion of non-invasive prenatal diagnosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rocío Cabra-Rodríguez ◽  
Guadalupe Bueno Rodríguez ◽  
Cristina Santos Rosa ◽  
Miguel Ángel Castaño López ◽  
Sonia Delgado Muñoz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prenatal Screening ◽  
Chromosomal Abnormalities ◽  
Screening Program ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Maternal Blood ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Loss To Follow Up ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Second Trimester Screening ◽  
Trimester Screening

AbstractObjectivesNon-invasive prenatal screening (NIPS) is a test for the detection of major fetal chromosomal abnormalities in maternal blood during pregnancy. The purpose of this study was to assess the performance of NIPS implemented within the framework of the Screening Program for Congenital Abnormalities of the Andalusian Health System.MethodsA retrospective observational study was undertaken to determine the number of NIPS tests performed since its introduction. The number of invasive diagnostic tests done after the implementation of NIPS in the patients included in the program between March 2016 and August 2017 was also quantified.ResultsA total of 6,258 combined first- and second trimester screening tests were performed, covering 95% of the population. In total, 250 subjects were identified as high risk, of whom 200 underwent NIPS after loss to follow-up. NIPS showed a sensitivity of 100% (95% CI: 76.84–100%) and a specificity of 99.46% (95% CI: 97.04–99.99%).ConclusionsThis test has proven to have a very high sensitivity and specificity. The results obtained demonstrate that the incorporation of NIPS in clinical practice minimizes the rate of miscarriages and reduces the frequency of invasive procedures by 70%.

scholarly journals Modern Methods for Assessment of the Implantation Potential of Embryos in Assisted Reproductive Programs

Doctor Ru ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (8) ◽  
pp. 12-18
Author(s):  
G.V. Savostina ◽  
◽  
S.G. Perminova ◽  
A.V. Timofeeva ◽  
M.A. Veyukova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Embryo Culture ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Visual Assessment ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Non Coding Rna ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Modern Methods ◽  
Invasive Method ◽  
Aneuploidy Testing

Objective of the Review: To analyse the modern methods for assessment of the implantation potential of embryos in assisted reproductive programs. Key Points. We present the study results for selection of a most optimal embryo for transfer, using visual assessment of embryo quality, preimplantation genetic aneuploidy testing, analysis of metabolomic, proteomic, transcriptomic profiles of culture media and embryo blastocele. We have paid special attention to assessment of small non-coding RNA (sncRNA) in embryo culture medium. Conclusion. Due to the high sensitivity, objectivity and biomarker resistance to degradation, the most promising non-invasive method to assess the implantation potential of an embryo is analysis of the sncRNA profile in embryo culture media. Keywords: aneuploidy, pre-implantation genetic testing, small non-coding RNAs, proteomic analysis, metabolomic analysis.

scholarly journals Non-invasive prenatal testing: what an obstetrician needs to know

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 5200
Author(s):  
Mishu Mangla
Keyword(s):  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Prenatal Screening ◽  
Prenatal Testing ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Primary Health Care Providers ◽  
First Choice

No field in obstetrics has seen such fast advancement, as the field of prenatal screening and diagnosis. A wide variety of tests are available today, and this at times becomes confusing both for the patient and the treating doctor that which screening test would be best suited in the given circumstances. Non-invasive prenatal screening, with its numerous advantages is rapidly becoming the test of first choice, especially in the affording set of population.  Although, the test has a very high sensitivity and a very good positive predictive value, this too suffers from some disadvantages which should be clear to the obstetrician ordering the test. A good knowledge about the test, the ideal target population in which this should be offered as the primary screening tool and limitations of the test should be known to all practicing obstetricians and primary health care providers. The current review aims to provide a simplified and updated knowledge regarding non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT), its major advantages and disadvantages and summarizes the role of ultrasound in patients with negative NIPT.

scholarly journals High-throughput fabrication and calibration of compact high-sensitivity plasmonic lab-on-chip for biosensing

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Gazzola ◽  
A. Pozzato ◽  
G. Ruffato ◽  
E. Sovernigo ◽  
A. Sonato
Keyword(s):  
High Throughput ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Biological Applications ◽  
Environment Monitoring ◽  
Lab On Chip ◽  
Sensing Platforms ◽  
Multiple Detection ◽  
On Chip ◽  
Biological Environment

AbstractSurface plasmon resonance biosensors have recently known a rapid diffusion in the biological field and a large variety of sensor configurations is currently available. Biological applications are increasingly demanding sensor miniaturization, multiple detection in parallel, temperature-controlled environment and high sensitivity. Indeed, versatile and tunable sensing platforms, together with an accurate biological environment monitoring, could improve the realization of custom biosensing devices applicable to different biological reactions. Here we propose a smart and high throughput fabrication protocol for the realization of a custommicrofluidic plasmonic biochip that could be easily tuned and modified to address different biological applications. The sensor chip here presented shows a high sensing capability, monitored by an accurate signal calibration in the presence of concentration and temperature variation.

Engineering an Au Nanostar-based Liquid Phase Interfacial Ratiometric SERS platform with Programmable Entropy-driven DNA Circuits to Detect Protein biomarkers in clinical samples

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guanli Fan ◽  
Xiaorong Gao ◽  
Shuling Xu ◽  
Qi Zhanf ◽  
Xia Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Phase ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Protein Biomarkers ◽  
Sensing Platforms

Developing sensing platforms that simultaneously integrate high sensitivity and accuracy has been a promising but challenging task for protein biomarkers in clinical samples. Herein, we engineered an Au nanostar-based liquid...

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