Optimization of the process variables for treating cellulose fiber with NaOH/urea aqueous solution for improved water retention value and paper strength

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 475-484
Author(s):  
Yingju Miao ◽  
Chunzuo Yan ◽  
Yingchun Miao ◽  
Qingming Jia ◽  
Yonghao Ni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Water Retention ◽  
Cellulose Fiber ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Urea Concentration ◽  
Paper Strength ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide Concentration ◽  
Treatment Conditions ◽  
Swelling Capacity ◽  
Pretreatment Time

Abstract Cellulose fibers swell significantly in NaOH/urea solutions, and swelling increases with a decrease in temperature and an addition of urea. The combined effects of the factors of a pretreatment procedure (sodium hydroxide concentration, urea concentration, temperature, and time) and post-treatment conditions (medium, stirring speed, and time) of preparing fibers on the properties of pulp and the resulting paper sheets were investigated and optimized using single factor experiments. The optimum sodium hydroxide concentration (1 %), urea concentration (8 %), precooling temperature 0 °C, pretreatment time (12 h), post-treatment medium (7 % {({\mathrm{NH}_{4}})_{2}}{\mathrm{SO}_{4}}), post-treatment stirring speed (1500 rpm), and time (30 min) were obtained. Under the optimal conditions, the water retention values and tear, tensile, and burst indexes increased about 54 %, 277 %, 394 %, and 98 %, respectively. This work demonstrates that this technical route can effectively improve fiber swelling capacity and paper strength.

Change in Degree of Polymerization of Wood Pulp with Cellulase Hydrolysis

1969 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 422-427 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshitaka Ogiwara ◽  
Kenichiro Arai
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Zinc Chloride ◽  
Water Retention ◽  
Cellulose Fiber ◽  
Amorphous Region ◽  
Degree Of Polymerization ◽  
Crystalline Region ◽  
A Value ◽  
Sulfite Pulp ◽  
Cellulase Hydrolysis

A study was made of the changes in degree of polymerization (DP), water retention value (WRV), and yield when high α-sulfite pulp (α-SP) is beaten or swollen with zinc chloride or sodium hydroxide and treated with cellulase. For a sample swollen with sodium hydroxide, the decrease in DP is large, and the DP decreases easily to a value which corresponds approximately to the level of DP in acid hydrolysis. On the other hand, a sample treated with zinc chloride solution shows a small decrease, while a beaten sample indicates an intermediate DP value. It is assumed from these results that sodium hydroxide swells the amorphous region of the fiber greatly but has little effect on the crystalline region, whereas zinc chloride swells the crystalline region but its swelling effect on the amorphous region is not very great. Cellulase can be utilized for analyzing the structure of cellulose fiber.

Study on the Chemical Modification Process of Jute Fiber

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 23-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei-ming Wang ◽  
Zai-sheng Cai ◽  
Jian-yong Yu
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Sodium Silicate ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Jute Fiber ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Silicate Concentration ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide Concentration ◽  
Liquor Ratio ◽  
Degumming Process ◽  
Selection Of

Degumming of pre-chlorite treated jute fiber was studied in this paper. The effects of sodium hydroxide concentration, treatment time, temperature, sodium silicate concentration, fiber-to-liquor ratio, penetrating agent TF-107B concentration, and degumming agent TF-125A concentration were the process conditions examined. With respect to gum decomposition, fineness and mechanical properties, sodium hydroxide concentration, sodium silicate concentration, and treatment time were found to be the most important parameters. An orthogonal L9(34) experiment designed to optimize the conditions for degumming resulted in the selection of the following procedure: sodium hydroxide of 12g/L, sodium silicate of 3g/L, TF-107B of 2g/L, TF-125A of 2g/L, treatment time of 105 min, temperature of 100°C and fiber to liquor ratio of 1:20. The effect of the above degumming process on the removal of impurities was also examined and the results showed that degumming was an effective method for removing impurities, especially hemicellulose.

Effect of Post-treatment Conditions on the Inactivation Rate of Pathogenic Bacteria after the Composting Process

2015 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 164-173
Author(s):  
Hamidatu S. Darimani ◽  
Ryusei Ito ◽  
Seyram K. Sossou ◽  
Naoyuki Funamizu ◽  
Maiga H. Amadou
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Inactivation Rate ◽  
Composting Process ◽  
Treatment Conditions

scholarly journals Central Composite Design and Desirability of RSM for Optimization of Biodiesel Production from Mixture of Animal Waste Fat Oil and used Cooking Oil

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 1565-1571
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Animal Waste ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide Concentration ◽  
Used Cooking Oil ◽  
Input Parameters ◽  
Desirability Approach ◽  
Central Composite ◽  
Waste Fat

In this work, central composite design(CCD) and desirability approach of Response surface methodology (RSM) has been used for optimization of biodiesel yield produced from mixture of animal waste fat oil and used cooking oil (AWO) in the ratio of 1:1through alkaline transesterification process. In this work, methanol quantity, reaction time and sodium hydroxide concentration are selected as input parameters and yield selected as response. The combined effect of methanol quantity, reaction time and sodium hydroxide concentration were investigated and optimized by using RSM. The second order model is generated to predict yield as a function of methanol quantity, reaction time and sodium hydroxide concentration. A statistical model predicted the maximum yield of 96.9779% at 35ml methanol quantity (% v/v of oil), 75 min. reaction time and 0.6g (% wt./v of oil) of sodium hydroxide. Experimentally, the maximum yield of 97% was obtained at the above optimized input parameters. The variation of 0.02% was observed between experimental and predicted values. In this work, an attempt has also made to use desirability approach of RSM to optimize the input parameters to predict maximum yield. Desirability approach predicts maximum yield (97.075%) at CH3OH (35.832% vol. /vol. of oil), NaOH (0.604 % wt./vol. of oil) and reaction time (79.054min.) was found for the AWO.

Mercerization and Characterization of Straw Pulp Fibers

2013 ◽  
Vol 781-784 ◽  
pp. 2645-2649
Author(s):  
Yan Na Yin ◽  
Quan Xiao Liu ◽  
Yu Bin Lyu
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Processing Time ◽  
Water Retention ◽  
Fiber Cell ◽  
Pulp Fibers ◽  
Water Retention Value ◽  
Treatment Conditions ◽  
Fiber Cell Wall

Effects of mercerizing treatment on water-retention value of straw pulp fibers were discussed and the mercerizing treatment conditions were optimized. The best conditions of mercerizing treatment is NaOH concentration of 4mol/L, temperature of 40°C and processing time of 60min. SEM showed that the fiber cell wall swelling increase after mercerization.

Stress Corrosion Cracking of Steam Generator Tube Materials in Sodium Hydroxide Solutions

CORROSION ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 34 (11) ◽  
pp. 369-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S. PATHANIA ◽  
J. A. CHITTY
Keyword(s):  
Stress Corrosion ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Applied Stress ◽  
Steam Generator ◽  
Stress Corrosion Cracking ◽  
Corrosion Cracking ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide Concentration ◽  
Inconel 600 ◽  
Steam Generator Tubing ◽  
Monel 400

Abstract Stress corrosion cracking (SCC) tests were carried out on specimens of Monel 400, Inconel 600, and Sanicro 30 steam generator tubing in solutions containing 10 to 500 g NaOH/kg H2O at 300 C for times up to 600 days. Applied stress and sodium hydroxide concentration had a significant effect on the (SCC) resistance of the three materials.

Effects of State-Trait Anxiety and Task Difficulty on Paired-Associate Learning

1977 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 179-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert A. Reeves ◽  
William W. May
Keyword(s):  
Paired Associate ◽  
Paired Associate Learning ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Associate Learning ◽  
Trait Theory ◽  
Learning Tasks ◽  
Treatment Conditions ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Trait Groups ◽  
Better Than

The prediction from state-trait theory and drive theory that high A-State subjects will perform better than low A-State subjects on an easy task and more poorly on a more difficult task was tested using paired-associate learning tasks. This prediction was not supported, as low A-State subjects made fewer errors than high A-State subjects on both the easy and difficult tasks. High A-Trait groups responded with higher A-State in both pre- and post-treatment conditions than did low A-Trait groups as predicted by state-trait theory. Low A-Trait groups showed greater gains in pre-treatment to post-treatment A-State than did high A-Trait groups, a result which supported neither state-trait theory nor Saltz's (1970) hypothesis. Implications for research were discussed.

Binary packing theory and the physical properties of aggregates

Soil Research ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 283 ◽  
Author(s):  
KJ Coughlan ◽  
RJ Loch ◽  
WE Fox
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Water Retention ◽  
Void Ratio ◽  
Wetting And Drying ◽  
Compacted Soil ◽  
Soil Mixing ◽  
Swelling Capacity ◽  
Sand Particles ◽  
Clay Percentage ◽  
Coarse To Fine

The objective of this study was to examine variations in the physical properties of non-compacted soil-sand aggregates in terms of binary packing theory. Two soils were used, a swelling black earth and a krasnozem with low swelling capacity, and aggregates with varying clay percentage were prepared by dispersing the soil, mixing with 100-50 �m sand, and wetting and drying. At lower clay percentages, void ratio with increasing clay was greater than that predicted from theory. This was attributed to clay entering between sand junctions and increasing porosity by expanding the coarse matrix. From water retention and swelling data, the transition from coarse to fine matrix occurs in both soils at about 40 % clay. In the fine particle matrix, variation of void ratio in the krasnozem aggregates was as expected from theory. In the black earth, no significant variation in void ratio occurs at clay percentages > 40%. This was attributed to porosity created around the sand particles owing to differential swelling and shrinkage. Results obtained by other workers are explained in terms of binary packing theory and the concepts developed in this paper.

scholarly journals Microwave-assisted Enzymatic Hydrolysis to Produce Xylooligosaccharides from Rice Husk Alkali- soluble Arabinoxylan

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wannaporn Klangpetch ◽  
Alisa Pattarapisitporn ◽  
Suphat Phongthai ◽  
Pannapapol Jaichakan
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Microwave Heating ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Microwave Treatment ◽  
Heating Process ◽  
Microwave Pretreatment ◽  
Microwave Assisted ◽  
Pretreatment Time

Abstract This study aimed to produce xylooligosaccharide (XOS) and arabino-xylooligosaccharide (AXOS) from rice husk (RH) using microwave treatment combined with enzymatic hydrolysis and evaluate their prebiotic properties. The RH was pretreated by a microwave heating process at 140, 160 and 180°C for 5, 10, and 15 min to obtain crude arabinoxylan (AX). The results emphasized that increasing microwave pretreatment time increased sugar content. The crude AX was then extracted with 2% (w/v) sodium hydroxide at 25°C for 24 h. The obtained AX was then used as a substrate for XOS production by commercial xylanases. The results showed that the oligosaccharide produced by Pentopan Mono BG and Ultraflo Max provided xylobiose and xylotriose as the main products. Interestingly, AXOS was also present in the oligosaccharide product. Furthermore, the oligosaccharides obtained were able to promote the growth of Lactobacillus spp. and to resist degradation more than 70% after exposure to simulated human digestion.

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